Human Geography of Tamil Nadu Unit

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Human Geography of Tamil Nadu Unit Unit - 7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu Learning Objectives To understand the agricultural factors, major crops and their distribution in Tamil Nadu To learn about the water resources of Tamil Nadu To study the mineral and industrial resources of Tamil Nadu To analyze the population and its composition in Tamil Nadu To learn about the man made disasters in Tamil Nadu Introduction major occupation in Tamil Nadu. Agriculture has been the mainstay of the state’s economy Human geography refers to the study of since independence with more than 65% of the ways of development of human societies and population depends upon this sector for their their operation in relation to their physical living. Agriculture provides employment for environment. This chapter focuses on the rural people on a large scale. There is a strong distribution, characteristics and utilisation of link between agriculture and economic growth. different resources in Tamil Nadu. We have Paddy, millets and pulses are the principal food studied earlier that the earth is endowed with a crops of the state. Sugarcane, cotton, sunflower, variety of natural resources such as landforms, coconut, cashew, chillies, gingelly, groundnut, rivers, soil, natural vegetation, water and wildlife. tea, coffee, cardamom and rubber are the major These resources are useful only when they are commercial crops. utilised. Human beings use these resources using their intelligence and skill. Thus, the 7.2 Geographical determinants human beings are the most significant resource of Agriculture on the earth surface. They turn all these natural Landform, climate, soil and irrigation are the resources into useful products with their skills factors that determine the growth of agriculture. and abilities. Landform 7.1 Agriculture Tamil Nadu is a land of diverse landscape The word "agriculture" is derived from the comprising of hills, plateaus and plains. Latin words "ager and cultura", which means Among them the plains are most suitable field and growing. Agriculture is a practice of for agriculture. The plains with alluvial soil farming that includes the cultivation of crops, enhances agricultural productivity. Example: rearing of animals, birds, forestry, fisheries Plains of cauvery. Agriculture in the plateau is and other related activities. Agriculture is the moderate and is poor on the hills. 219 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu 17_Geography_Unit_7_EM.indd 219 11-04-2020 12:35:38 Climate in the soil. Accordingly, the state has the following cropping seasons. Tamil Nadu is situated in the tropical zone, which is nearer to the equator. The state Name Sowing Harvesting Major crops experiences a tropical climate. Hence, the Sornavari temperature in Tamil Nadu is relatively high August- Millets and (chittirai April-May almost throughout the year. So, only the tropical September cotton pattam ) crops are cultivated. Water is another limiting Samba July- January- Paddy and factor of agriculture. Northeast monsoon is (Adipattam) August February sugarcane the major source of rainfall for Tamil Nadu. Fruits, vegetables, November February- Therefore, the major cropping season begins Navarai cucumber and -December March with this season. The rainfall in this season and watermelon the irrigation facilities affect agriculture to a large extent. 7.4 Distribution of major Soil crops in Tamil Nadu Soil is one of the most essential elements Paddy of agriculture. It provides essential minerals or nutrients for the growth of crops and vegetation. Paddy is the most important staple food The regions of river valleys and the coastal crop of Tamil Nadu. Ponni and kichadi samba plains are the most agriculturally productive are the major varieties of paddy grown in Tamil regions of the state as they are covered with Nadu. Though it is cultivated all over Tamil fertile alluvial soil. Nadu, its cultivation is highly concentrated in Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Tiruvallur, Irrigation Kancheepuram, Villupuram, Cuddalore and Monsoon rainfall in the state is highly irregular. Further it is seasonal. Hence, irrigation becomes necessary for successful cultivation of crops in the state. In the dry regions, rain-fed crops are cultivated. Types and regions of Agriculture Practices in Tamil Nadu Farming type Area practiced Subsistence Practiced all over intensive Tamil Nadu with few agriculture exceptions. Paddy Cultivation Plantation Hill slopes of Eastern The Tamil Nadu Rice Agriculture and Western Ghats. Research Institute (TRRI) is an Banks of River Indian research institute working Mixed farming Cauvery and in the field of rice under Tamil Thenpennai. Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU).It is situated at Aduthurai, in Thanjavur 7.3 Cropping Seasons in district, it was established in April, 1985 in TNAU Tamil Nadu to meet the research requirements of the region with the help of existing Agricultural Colleges Farmers select different crops for and Research centres and perform lead function different seasons of cultivation. It is based on for rice and rice based cropping system research. the temperature and availability of moisture Human Geography of Tamil Nadu 220 17_Geography_Unit_7_EM.indd 220 11-04-2020 12:35:40 Tirunelveli districts. It ranks third in the production of rice among the states of India. The Second Green Revolution (Eco-Farming deltaic region of river cauvery (the undivided or Organic Farming) Thanjavur district) is the major rice-producing In organic farming synthetic fertilizers, region of Tamil Nadu. So, this region is rightly pesticides, growth regulator and livestock called as the "Granary of Tamil Nadu." feed additives are not used. This type of farming rely on crop rotation, crop residues, Millets animal manure, off-farm organic wastes Millets form staple food of nearly one- and biological pest control to maintain soil third of human population of Tamil Nadu. productivity. This farming method is being adopted by very few farmers in the state. Sorghum/jowar (cholam), ragi (kezhvaragu) and bajra (kambu) are the major millets. These that are grown in Tamil Nadu. Apart from its are grown not only in drier areas but also in use in food preparation, it is used in industries the coastal plains. Sorghum is grown in the as a lubricant, in the manufacture of varnish, Coimbatore plateau and Kambam valley. Ragi is grown in Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Vellore and soaps, candles, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Cuddalore districts. Bajra is mostly cultivated Groundnut is the major oilseed of the state. The in Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli, Karur, cultivation of groundnut is mostly concentrated Perambalur and Salem districts. in Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Salem and Pudukottai districts. It is also grown to some India observed 2018 as national year of extent in Dharmapuri, Cuddalore, Perambalur millets. FAO has decided to observe 2023 as and Madurai. Erode, Ramanathapuram, the International year of millets. Sivagangai and Virudhunagar districts are its minor producers. Coconut is grown in Pulses Coimbatore, Thanjavur and Kanyakumari Pulses are the major source of protein. districts. Bengal gram, black gram, green gram, cowpea Sugarcane and horse gram are the important pulses grown It is one of the major cash crops of the in Tamil Nadu. Pulses are grown in a wide range state. It is an annual crop. It requires high of climatic conditions mostly in drier regions with or without irrigation. Mild cool climate temperature and heavy rainfall. It grows well in and a low to moderate rainfall are best suited the tropical region. Major sugarcane-producing for these crops. Pulses serve as excellent fodder. districts are Tiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Vellore, Pulses are grown in almost all districts in the Cuddalore, Tiruchirapalli, Coimbatore, Erode state except Chennai, Nilgiris and Kanyakumari. and Tirunelveli. Coimbatore leads in the production of Bengal Cotton gram. Vellore and Kanyakumari districts Cotton is a fibre and cash crop. It requires produce red gram. black soil, long frost-free condition and warm Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam and Thoothukudi and humid weather for its cultivation. Humid districts are the principal producers of green weather in the early stages and hot, dry weather gram and black gram. Horse gram is widely during harvest period is suitable for this crop. cultivated in Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri It is predominantly cultivated in Coimbatore districts. plateau and Vaigai-Vaippar river basins. It is Oil Seeds also cultivated in Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Groundnut, gingelly castor, coconut, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Salem sunflower and mustard are some of the oilseeds and Dharmapuri districts. 221 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu 17_Geography_Unit_7_EM.indd 221 11-04-2020 12:35:40 N TAMIL NADU W E MAJOR CROPS S Not to Scale LEGEND PADDY SUGARCANE RAGI COTTON OIL SEEDS PULSES MILLETS TEA COFFEE RUBBER Human Geography of Tamil Nadu 222 17_Geography_Unit_7_EM.indd 222 11-04-2020 12:35:41 TANTEA (TANTEA-Tamil Nadu Tea Tamil Nadu Dairy Development Plantation Corporation Limited) is one of Corporation Ltd. was transformed into the the Biggest Black Tea Producers in India newly registered Tamil Nadu Co-operative with high quality clonal tea. Its plantation Milk Producers Federation Limited spreads over nearly 4500 hec. Popularly known as “Aavin”. Plantation crops in dry land farming system. In the marginal or Tea, coffee, cashew, rubber and cinchona undulating lands unsuitable for rearing of other are the major plantation crops of the state. Tamil types of cattle like cow or buffalo, goat is the best Nadu ranks
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