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Paper Code and Title: H08TM Textile Manufacturing and Testing Module Code and Name: H08TM24 Indu and Pack Textiles Name of the Content Writer: Dr Paper Code and Title: H08TM Textile Manufacturing and Testing Module Code and Name: H08TM24 Indu and Pack Textiles Name of the Content Writer: Dr. S. Amsamani INDU AND PACK TEXTILES 1. INDUTECH 1.1 INTRODUCTION Every industry uses some textile material either to carry out the basic production process or to speed up the manufacturing process. The textile materials used in the industries are called Indu tech. This includes simple items like cleaning brushes to high tech circuit board made from glass fibers. Some of the common items used in the industries are conveyor belts, drive belts, bolting cloth, absorption glass mat (AGM ) glass battery separators, ropes, composites, filtration products and industrial brushes. Technical textiles consumption under Indutech in India is estimated at around Rs 2,326 crore. Printed circuit boards, battery separators and other applications of fibre glass constitute around one-third of the technical textiles usage in. Indu tech segment of technical textiles is estimated to provide employment to 1 lakh people of whom number of technical employees is estimated at 65,000 and number of non-technical employees is estimated at 35,000. 1.2 OBJECTIVES At the end of the session the learner will be able to To gain knowledge about various textile materials used in the smooth functioning of industries. Understand the importance and use of industrial textiles. 1.3 DEFINITION The textile materials either in the form of fiber, yarn or fabrics used in the industry during production process to improve the quality of production is called indu tech. 1.4 INDUTECH PRODUCTS 1.4.1 Decatising cloth Decatising cloth, also known as Decatising wrapper is an industrial fabric used in Decatising machines. The fabric is an integral part of both Open Decatising and Kier Decatising machines that are majorly used for mechanical finishing of woven fabrics. Paper Code and Title: H08TM Textile Manufacturing and Testing Module Code and Name: H08TM24 Indu and Pack Textiles Name of the Content Writer: Dr. S. Amsamani Decatising cloth is a polyamide/cotton or polyester/cotton blended woven fabric available in weights ranging from 400 to 600 gsm. Warp yarn of 3/48s and weft yarn of 34s is used for the same. Decatising wrapper is used for mechanical finishing of synthetic fabrics or blends. It is used as a wrapper on the beam of Decatising machine; the consumption per beam depends on the diameter of the beam and varies from 400 meters to 850 meters. All suiting fabric manufactured in India is decatised. The market for decatising wrapper is estimated at 1.2 million meters valued at Rs. 30 crore. Bombay Dyeing is the largest manufacturer of decatising wrapper with a market share of around 50%. Others are JKT Fabrics, Mumbai and Noor Textiles. Raymonds are the importers of decatising wrapper. The imports are primarily from Italy. The exports of decatising wrapper from India are negligible. 1.4.2 Bolting cloth Bolting cloth is a mesh fabric used primarily for screen printing in Textile industry. The fabric also has applications in filtration. Bolting cloth is a woven fabric manufactured from polyester and nylon yarns and is available in a variety of mesh sizes. The advent of new printing technology in India has reduced the use of screen printing, thus, impacting the demand for this fabric negatively. The manufacturers of bolting Cloth are Bombay Bolting Centre, Mumbai ,Surat Bolting, Surat and Khanna Bolting, Surat. Majority of Bolting Cloth is imported from China and Germany. The exports of bolting cloth from India are negligible. Polyester and nylon mono-filament yarn is used as the raw material. 1.4.3 Absorbent Glass mat Battery Battery separator is a porous sheet placed between the positive and negative electrodes in a liquid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte or a molten salt battery. Its function is to prevent physical contact of the positive and negative electrodes while serving as an electrolyte reservoir to enable free ionic transport. According to the structure, the separator can be divided as micro porous and non-woven. An ideal battery separator should have the properties of high porosity, small mean pore diameter, oxidation resistance, puncture resistance, thermal dimensional stability and freedom from harmful chemical contaminants and favorable voltage characteristics. The battery separators are made of PVC, PE and non-woven glass mats. (The glass mats are known as AGM (Absorbable Glass Mat).In India, the storage battery industry is slowly shifting from PVC separators to Paper Code and Title: H08TM Textile Manufacturing and Testing Module Code and Name: H08TM24 Indu and Pack Textiles Name of the Content Writer: Dr. S. Amsamani Polyethylene separators. The absorbent glass mats (AGM) are manufactured by dry-laid process, wet-laid process, spun-bond process or melt-blown process using glass fibre / glass wool.The storage batteries industry can be classified as Industrial batteries and automotive batteries. 1.4.4 Cigarette Filter Cigarette filter reduces harshness of tobacco smoke by reducing the amount tar, smoke and other fine particles during combustion of the tobacco portion. The filter is primarily made-up of cellulose acetate fibres known as tow. The fibres are bonded together with a hardening agent, tri-acetic plastic, which helps the filter to keep its shape. The filter is wrapped in paper and sealed with a line of adhesive. The total size of the filter cigarette industry in India is around 120 billion cigarettes. The major manufacturers of cigarette filters in India are Hind Filters and Hitkari Multi fibers apart from smaller manufacturers like Nirmesh Enterprises. The cigarette filters are imported in India from Korea, Pakistan and Indonesia. Cambodia and Iran account for two-third of exports of cigarette filters from India followed by UAE and Taiwan. 1.4.5 Coated abrasives (TT component) An abrasive material is used to finish a work piece through rubbing the surface of the work piece. Abrasives are primarily used in industrial applications like grinding, polishing, buffing, honing, cutting and smoothening. The coated abrasives are classified into two broad categories: Woven coated abrasives and Non-woven coated abrasives. The cloths used are cotton, polyester and polyester blends, processed to obtain a suitable coated abrasives backing. These backings have special characteristics as weight, tensile strength and flexibility. The type of backing cloth used is Jeans cloth called “J” weight cloth, Drills cloth called “X” weight cloth and Sateen called “S” weight cloth."J" weight cloth typically has a weight of about 130-195 GSM."X" weight cloth typically has a weight of about 200-245 GSM and "Y" weight cloth typically has a weight of about 270-330 GSM. The non-woven coated abrasives are made from abrasive grade fibres and made available for usage in various sizes and forms. Paper Code and Title: H08TM Textile Manufacturing and Testing Module Code and Name: H08TM24 Indu and Pack Textiles Name of the Content Writer: Dr. S. Amsamani The market of coated abrasives is primarily driven by growth in automobiles, auto- ancillaries, auto after markets, castings and forging, consumer goods, tanneries, hand tool, power tools, furniture, sanitary-ware and construction. The backing cloth is made from polyester, rayon and cotton fibres. The fabrics are generally woven at 90 degrees to each other or stitching together an overlay of fibre placed at 90 degrees to each other. The key machinery used for manufacture of backing cloth is rapier looms. The non-woven abrasives are manufactured using the needle punching process on needle looms. 1.4.6 Conveyor belts Belt Conveyor system is a fastest, environment friendly & economical mode of bulk transportation. The conveyor belt is used to move unit loads individually and bulk loads continuously. A Conveyor belt consists of three components: Cover, Carcass and Insulation – the bonding medium for the carcass. Belting fabrics are used for reinforcing these conveyor belts. The carcass provides the strength for transmitting the power to drive the conveyor and to support the load carried on the belt. Conveyor belts can be classified as rubber conveyor belts and PVC conveyor belts. Rubber based belting can be textile reinforced or steel reinforced. Textile reinforced belts are primarily of nylon, polyester. Most of the steel cord belts are used in the mining sector. The belts can be classified based on their application as General Purpose, Heat-resistant, Fire resistant, Oil-Resistance and Food Grade. Conveyor belts find major application in cement, mining, thermal power plants, paper, glass, fertilizer and other process industries where there is a requirement for continuous transfer of load. 1.4.7 Drive belt A belt drive is a method of transferring rotary motion between two shafts. A belt drive includes one pulley on each shaft and one or more continuous belts over the two pulleys. The motion of the driving pulley is, generally, transferred to the driven pulley via the friction between the belt and the pulley. The transmission belts can be classified as Flat, Vee, Poly-Vee and Timing belts. Flat belts are found in industries, V belts are used in alternators, air conditioning compressors, power steering pumps and water pumps, apart from fans in automobiles. Poly-Vee is combination of flat and V. Timing belts move one after the other based upon the industrial functions. These belts are generally manufactured from a Paper Code and Title: H08TM Textile Manufacturing and Testing Module Code and Name: H08TM24 Indu and Pack Textiles Name of the Content Writer: Dr. S. Amsamani core of high tensile with synthetic rubber matrix enclosed in a fabric reinforce rubber lining. Woven fabric or cord that is reinforced as ply in the drive belt is made of polyester, Nylon and cotton. 1.4.8 Ropes & cordages Synthetic ropes and cordages are substitutes to traditional ropes and cordages made from jute and cotton.
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