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Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id KOALISI PARTAI ISLAM DALAM PERKEMBANGAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1999 – 2004 SKRIPSI Oleh: RANULIN WINDARSARI NIM: K4408007 FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2012 commit to user i perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id KOALISI PARTAI ISLAM DALAM PERKEMBANGAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1999 – 2004 Oleh : Ranulin Windarsari NIM : K4408007 Skripsi Ditulis dan diajukan untuk memenuhi syarat mendapatkan Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Pendidikan Sejarah Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2012 commit to user ii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PERSETUJUAN Skripsi ini telah disetujui untuk dipertahankan di hadapan Tim Penguji Skripsi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Surakarta, Juli 2012 Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Tri Yuniyanto, M. Hum Dra. Sri Wahyuni, M. Pd NIP. 19650627 199003 1 003 NIP. 19541129 198601 2 001 commit to user iii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PENGESAHAN Skripsi ini telah dipertahankan di hadapan Tim Penguji Skripsi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta dan diterima untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Pendidikan. Pada hari : Selasa Tanggal : 10 Juli 2012 Tim Penguji Skripsi: Nama Terang Tanda Tangan Ketua : Drs. Herimanto, M. Pd, M. Si ………………… Sekretaris : Drs. Djono, M. Pd ………………… Anggota I : Drs. Tri Yuniyanto, M.Hum ………………… Anggota II : Dra. Sri Wahyuni, M. Pd ………………… Disahkan oleh Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret a.n. Dekan Pembantu Dekan I Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sajidan, M. Si. NIP. 19660415 199103 1 002 commit to user iv perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ABSTRAK Ranulin Windarsari. K4408007. Koalisi Partai Islam dalam Perkembangan Politik di Indonesia tahun 1999 – 2004. Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Juli 2012. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) Latar Belakang Koalisi Partai Islam di Indonesia, (2) Tujuan Koalisi Partai Islam di Indonesia tahun 1999, (3) Perkembangan Koalisi Partai Islam dalam di Indonesia tahun 1999 – 2004. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode historis dengan langkah-langkah heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa sumber primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis historis, dengan melakukan kritik ekstern dan intern. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: (1) Latar belakang koalisi partai Islam di Indonesia tahun 1999 adalah sistem politik Indonesia yang kembali kepada sistem multipartai setelah masa Orde Baru dalam pemilu sehingga tidak ada satu partai yang menjadi pemenang mutlak, sehingga harus ada koalisi karena tanpa koalisi sulit untuk menghasilkan suara mayoritas; (2) Tujuan Koalisi Partai Islam di Indonesia Tahun 1999 adalah karena dalam Pemilihan Presiden dan wakil presiden 1999 menggunakan alternatif yang mana seorang Presiden harus mengantongi suara dukungan MPR minimal 50% lebih satu dari MPR maka proses pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden harus melalui proses koalisi. Alternatif koalisi karena tidak adanya partai yang menjadi pemenang mutlak dalam pemilu 1999 menyebabkan partai-partai Islam memiliki kesempatan untuk mengambil inisiatif dalam membentuk pemerintahan dengan menyalurkan aspirasi-aspirasi politik yang dimiliki sehingga terbentuk Koalisi Poros Tengah. Tujuan Koalisi Poros Tengah ini adalah untuk mengimbangi dua kekuatan besar yang saling serang yaitu antara kubu pendukung Megawati Soekarnoputri dan kubu pendukung B.J. Habibie.; (3) Perkembangan koalisi partai Islam di Indonesia tahun 1999-2004 dimulai dari keberadaan koalisi Poros Tengah sehingga berhasil mengantarkan Abdurrahman Wahid menjadi Presiden RI mengalahkan Megawati Soekarnoputri yang diusung oleh PDI Perjuangan sebagai pemenang pemilu. Koalisi Poros Tengah ini pula yang menjatuhkan Abdurrahman Wahid dari kursi kepresidenan dan mendukung Megawati Soekarnoputri untuk menggantikan posisi Abdurrahman Wahid. Pada masa kepemimpinan Megawati Soekarnoputri beberapa partai Islam dalam pemerintahan bukan sebagai koalisi akan tetapi sebagai oposisi di parlemen. commit to user v perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ABSTRACT Ranulin Windarsari. K4408007. Coalition of Islamic Parties in Political Developments in Indonesia in 1999–2004. Thesis. Surakarta: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Sebelas Maret University, July 2012. The aims of this research is to describe: (1) Background of the Islamic Coalition Party in Indonesia, (2) The objectives of Islamic Coalition Party in Indonesia in 1999, (3) The development of the Islamic Coalition Party in Indonesia in the year 1999-2004. This research method is the historical method with heuristic steps, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Source of data used in this study are primary sources and secondary sources. Collecting data by literature study. The data analysis technique used is the technique of historical analysis, by performing external and internal criticism. Based on this research can be concluded: (1) Background coalition of Islamic parties in Indonesia 1999 is Indonesia's political system to multiparty system again after the New Order in the election so that no single party winning an absolute, so there should be a coalition because no coalition difficult to produce a majority vote, (2) The purpose of Islamic Coalition Party in Indonesia in 1999 is due to the election of the President and vice president of 1999 using an alternative in which a President should support the Assembly the votes of at least 50% over one of the Assembly then the election of President and Vice President has to go through the process of coalition. Coalition alternative was selected because of the absence of an parties which to be an absolute winner in the 1999 elections so led to the Islamic parties have opportunity to take the initiative in forming a government with the aspirations politic owned to forming the Coalition of Poros Tengah. The purpose of Poros Tengah coalition is to offset the two major forces that are attacking each other between the stronghold of Megawati Soekarnoputri endorsers and the stronghold of B.J. Habibie endorsers, (3) The development of a coalition of Islamic parties in Indonesia in 1999-2004 starting from the existence of the Poros Tengah coalition that managed to deliver to Abdurrahman Wahid as a President of Indonesia defeat Megawati Sukarnoputri who brought by the PDI-P won the election. Poros Tengah coalition is also a drop from the presidency of Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri support to replace the position of Abdurrahman Wahid. During of Megawati Soekarnoputri leadership, several of Islamic parties in government are not as a coalition but as an opposition in parliament. commit to user vi perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id MOTTO Kerjasama yang baik dibutuhkan dalam suatu kelompok atau organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu (Gillin) Tidak ada kawan atau lawan yang abadi dalam politik (Leo Agung S.) commit to user vii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PERSEMBAHAN Karya ini dipersembahkan kepada: 1. Ibu dan Bapak yang telah memberikan dukungan doa, spiritual dan material 2. Adik, Tante, Alm. Kakek tercinta 3. Almamater commit to user viii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulisan skripsi ini akhirnya dapat diselesaikan, untuk memenuhi persyaratan mendapatkan gelar sarjana pendidikan. Banyak hambatan yang menimbulkan kesulitan dalam penyelesaian penulisan skripsi ini, namun berkat bantuan dari berbagai pihak akhirnya kesulitan-kesulitan yang timbul dapat teratasi. Untuk itu, atas segala bentuk bantuannya, disampaikan terima kasih kepada: 1. Dekan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta yang telah memberikan ijin penyusunan skripsi; 2. Ketua Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Surakarta yang telah memberikan persetujuan skripsi; 3. Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta yang telah memberikan ijin demi kelancaran penyusunan skripsi; 4. Drs. Tri Yuniyanto, M. Hum, selaku Pembimbing Skripsi I yang telah memberikan nasehat, waktu, serta kritikan yang membangun selama memberikan bimbingan dalam penyusunan skripsi; 5. Dra. Sri Wahyuni, M. Pd, selaku Pembimbing Skripsi II yang telah memberikan waktu, nasehat, dan kritikan selama memberikan bimbingan dalam penyusunan skripsi; 6. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Program Pendidikan Sejarah Jurusan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial yang secara tulus memberikan ilmu kepada penulis selama ini, mohon maaf atas segala tindakan dan perkataan yang tidak berkenan di hati; Disadari dalam penulisan skripsi ini masih terdapat kekurangan, tetapi diharapkan penulisan skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan mahasiswa Program Pendidikan Sejarah pada khususnya. Surakarta, Juni 2012 commit to user Penulis ix perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGAJUAN ..................................................................
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