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Annual Report
COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ANNUAL REPORT July 1,1996-June 30,1997 Main Office Washington Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 861-1789 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984 Website www. foreignrela tions. org e-mail publicaffairs@email. cfr. org OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, 1997-98 Officers Directors Charlayne Hunter-Gault Peter G. Peterson Term Expiring 1998 Frank Savage* Chairman of the Board Peggy Dulany Laura D'Andrea Tyson Maurice R. Greenberg Robert F Erburu Leslie H. Gelb Vice Chairman Karen Elliott House ex officio Leslie H. Gelb Joshua Lederberg President Vincent A. Mai Honorary Officers Michael P Peters Garrick Utley and Directors Emeriti Senior Vice President Term Expiring 1999 Douglas Dillon and Chief Operating Officer Carla A. Hills Caryl R Haskins Alton Frye Robert D. Hormats Grayson Kirk Senior Vice President William J. McDonough Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. Paula J. Dobriansky Theodore C. Sorensen James A. Perkins Vice President, Washington Program George Soros David Rockefeller Gary C. Hufbauer Paul A. Volcker Honorary Chairman Vice President, Director of Studies Robert A. Scalapino Term Expiring 2000 David Kellogg Cyrus R. Vance Jessica R Einhorn Vice President, Communications Glenn E. Watts and Corporate Affairs Louis V Gerstner, Jr. Abraham F. Lowenthal Hanna Holborn Gray Vice President and Maurice R. Greenberg Deputy National Director George J. Mitchell Janice L. Murray Warren B. Rudman Vice President and Treasurer Term Expiring 2001 Karen M. Sughrue Lee Cullum Vice President, Programs Mario L. Baeza and Media Projects Thomas R. -
Neoconservatism's Deadly Influence
HISTORYHISTORY— PAST AND PERSPECTIVE U.S.S.R. founder and former commander of the Soviet Army AP Images Leon Trotsky, a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist intellectual Neoconservatism’s Deadly Influence A look at the roots of neoconservatism and the reasons why this deadly movement must be rejected in favor of the true conservatism as envisioned by our Founders. by John F. McManus respects from the conservatism of the didly presented the movement’s attitude Republican party. We … accepted the in a 1989 article appearing in Kristol’s A neoconservative is a liberal who New Deal in principle, and had little journal, The National Interest. Boldly has been mugged by reality. affection for the kind of isolation- calling for the integration of the United — Irving Kristol ism that then permeated American States, Europe, and Japan, he yearned for a conservatism. “super-sovereign” state that would be “ec- he above definition has joyfully and onomically, culturally, and politically he- repeatedly been cited by many de- There you have it: neoconservatism’s most gemonic in the world.” Not satisfied with T fenders of neoconservatism. They prominent adherent wants it to be linked such a novel creation, he further urged a consider their branch of political thought to Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal “new universalism [which] would require a benign movement even though its clout socialism and, because of its rejection of the conscious depreciation not only of has been recognized as dominant over the “isolationism,” to be further identified as American sovereignty but of the notion Bush administration. Kristol likely hopes a champion of meddling in the affairs of of sovereignty in general.” And he added: that everyone who learns of his quip will other nations. -
Does China Pose an Immediate Threat to U.S. Strategic Interests And, If So, Will the Envisioned Asian Pivot Address Such Concerns?
February 2014 | Issue 11 1 Does China pose an immediate threat to U.S. strategic interests and, if so, will the envisioned Asian pivot address such concerns? Strategika CONFLICTS OF THE PAST AS LESSONS FOR THE PRESENT Issue From 11 the Working Group on the Role of Military History in Contemporary Conflict at the HooverFebruary Institution 2014 Image: Poster Collection, CC 75, Hoover Institution Archives Military History in Contemporary Conflict As the very name of Hoover Institution attests, military history lies at the very core of our dedi- cation to the study of “War, Revolution, and Peace.” Indeed, the precise mission statement of the Hoover Institution includes the following promise: “The overall mission of this Institution is, from its records, to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man’s endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life.” From its origins as a library and archive, the Hoover Institution has evolved into one of the foremost research centers in the world for policy formation and pragmatic analysis. It is with this tradition in mind, that the “Working Group on the Role of Military History in Contemporary Conflict” has set its agenda— reaffirming the Hoover Institution’s dedication to historical research in light of contemporary challenges, and in particular, reinvigorating the national study of military history as an asset to foster and enhance our national security. By bringing together a diverse group of distinguished military historians, security analysts, and military veterans and practitioners, the working group seeks to examine the conflicts of the past as critical lessons for the present. -
America's Path: Grand Strategy for the Next Administration
MAY 2012 America’s Path Grand Strategy for the Next Administration Edited by Richard Fontaine and Kristin M. Lord Contributors: Robert J. Art, Richard K. Betts, Peter Feaver, Richard Fontaine, Kristin M. Lord and Anne-Marie Slaughter Acknowledgments The editors would like to thank the four distinguished authors who devoted their time and effort to writing chapters for this volume; their dedication and work made this grand strategy project possible. We would like thank all those at CNAS who reviewed the chapters, especially Patrick Cronin. We express our appreciation to Nora Bensahel for her key editing role and to Oriana Maestro for her insights into the literature on grand strategy. Liz Fontaine lent her considerable talents to the design of this volume. To them and others at CNAS who helped make this volume possible, we offer thanks. Cover Image Illustration by Liz Fontaine, Center for a New American Security. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: Debating America’s Future 3 Chapter III: A Grand Strategy of Network Centrality 43 By Richard Fontaine and Kristin M. Lord By Anne-Marie Slaughter Chapter I: Selective Engagement 13 Chapter IV: American Grand Strategy 57 in the Era of Austerity at the Crossroads: Leading from By Robert J. Art the Front, Leading from Behind or Not Leading at All Chapter II: American Strategy: 29 By Peter Feaver Grand vs. Grandiose By Richard K. Betts MAY 2012 America’s Path Grand Strategy for the Next Administration Edited by Richard Fontaine and Kristin M. Lord Contributors: Robert J. Art, Richard K. Betts, Peter Feaver, Richard Fontaine, Kristin M. -
Edward Luttwak Distinguished Adjunct Fellow
Edward Luttwak Distinguished Adjunct Fellow Dr. Edward N. Luttwak is a Distinguished Adjunct Fellow at The Marathon Initiative, a policy initiative focused on developing strategies to prepare the United States for an era of sustained great power competition. Previously, Luttwak has served on U.S. presidential transition teams, testified before committees of the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate, and has advised the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. National Security Council, the White House Chief of Staff, and several allied governments, including Japan. Luttwak is the author of several books, including Coup d’état: A Practical Handbook (Penguin, 1968), which derived from his work as a London-based oil consultant; The Israeli Army, with Dan Horowitz (Allen Lane, 1975); The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976), which derived from his Ph. D. dissertation; The Pentagon and The Art Of War: The Question Of Military Reform (Simon & Schuster, 1985), which was a cited source of the 1986 Defense Reorganization Act; Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1987), which is widely assigned in professional military education programs; Turbo-Capitalism: Winners and Losers in the Global Economy (HarperCollins, 1999), which introduced the concept of geo-economics, the logic of war in the grammar of commerce; The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009); and, most recently, The Rise of China vs. The Logic of Strategy (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012), which derived from a study for the U.S. -
Asymmetry and US Military Strategy
ASYMMETRY AND U.S. MILITARY STRATEGY: DEFINITION, BACKGROUND, AND STRATEGIC CONCEPTS Steven Metz and Douglas V. Johnson II January 2001 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** The authors would like to thank Major General Robert Ivany, Melissa Applegate, William Speer, Stewart Smith, Douglas Dearth, Rusty Miller, Gary Williams, Walter Anderson, Max Manwaring, Antulio Echevarria, Eric Kramer, Harry Frank, William Delaney, Robert Steele, Conrad Crane, John Martin, Douglas Lovelace, and Earl Tilford for insightful comments on the briefings that preceded this study or on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any errors or misinterpretations which remain do so despite their best efforts. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Comments also may be conveyed directly to the authors. Dr. Metz at can be contacted at (717) 245-3822, fax (717) 245-3820, or email at Steven.Metz@ carlisle.army.mil. Dr. Johnson can be contacted at (717) 245-4057, fax (717) 245-3820, or email at [email protected]. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications and Production Office by calling commercial (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or via the Internet at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. -
The Return of Geo-Economics: Globalisation and National Security
perspectives The Return of Geo-economics: Globalisation and National Security Mark P. Thirlwell S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 0 The Lowy Institute for International Policy is an independent international policy think tank. Its mandate ranges across all the dimensions of international policy debate in Australia – economic, political and strategic – and it is not limited to a particular geographic region. Its two core tasks are to: • produce distinctive research and fresh policy options for Australia’s international policy and to contribute to the wider international debate. • promote discussion of Australia’s role in the world by providing an accessible and high quality forum for discussion of Australian international relations through debates, seminars, lectures, dialogues and conferences. Lowy Institute Perspectives are occasional papers and speeches on international events and policy. The views expressed in this paper are the author’s own and not those of the Lowy Institute for International Policy. The return of geoeconomics: Globalisation and national security 1 Mark Thirlwell Globalisation, international economics and national security Inevitably, thinking about our national security environment requires grappling with a wide range of issues. These include those found in the traditional security sphere as well as such nontraditional security challenges as natural disasters, climate change and pandemics. It also involves understanding the changing international economic environment, including the far reaching implications of globalisation. In particular, I think it’s extremely hard to argue with the proposition that the current international environment is one that is marked by an increasingly dense entanglement of issues related to international economics, national security and foreign policy. -
Antinuclear Politics, Atomic Culture, and Reagan Era Foreign Policy
Selling the Second Cold War: Antinuclear Cultural Activism and Reagan Era Foreign Policy A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy William M. Knoblauch March 2012 © 2012 William M. Knoblauch. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Selling the Second Cold War: Antinuclear Cultural Activism and Reagan Era Foreign Policy by WILLIAM M. KNOBLAUCH has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by __________________________________ Chester J. Pach Associate Professor of History __________________________________ Howard Dewald Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT KNOBLAUCH, WILLIAM M., Ph.D., March 2012, History Selling the Second Cold War: Antinuclear Cultural Activism and Reagan Era Foreign Policy Director of Dissertation: Chester J. Pach This dissertation examines how 1980s antinuclear activists utilized popular culture to criticize the Reagan administration’s arms buildup. The 1970s and the era of détente marked a decade-long nadir for American antinuclear activism. Ronald Reagan’s rise to the presidency in 1981 helped to usher in the “Second Cold War,” a period of reignited Cold War animosities that rekindled atomic anxiety. As the arms race escalated, antinuclear activism surged. Alongside grassroots movements, such as the nuclear freeze campaign, a unique group of antinuclear activists—including publishers, authors, directors, musicians, scientists, and celebrities—challenged Reagan’s military buildup in American mass media and popular culture. These activists included Fate of the Earth author Jonathan Schell, Day After director Nicholas Meyer, and “nuclear winter” scientific-spokesperson Carl Sagan. -
Luttwak Revista Piaui
EDIÇÃO 115 | ABRIL DE 2016 _perfil O MAQUIAVEL DE MARYLAND Estrategista militar e conselheiro de presidentes, Edward Luttwak se divide entre o estudo dos clássicos e a criação de gado THOMAS MEANEY As pessoas procuram Edward Luttwak para lhe pedir coisas incomuns. O primeiro-ministro do Cazaquistão quer encontrar um jeito de remover os russos de uma cidade fronteiriça do norte do país; um importante governo asiático quer um plano de treinamento para seu novo serviço de inteligência; uma indústria química italiana quer ajuda para resolver uma ação que uma comunidade lhe moveu devido aos efeitos do amianto; um grupo de cidadãos em Tonga quer afastar de suas águas caçadores japoneses de golfinhos; a London Review of Books quer uma matéria sobre o genocídio na Armênia; uma mulher em Washington briga na Justiça pela guarda dos filhos – será que Luttwak poderia “persuadir” o marido dela? E tudo isso apenas nos últimos doze meses. Luttwak, que se autoproclama um “grande estrategista”, acredita ganhar a vida corretamente, semeando suas ideias ao redor do mundo. Para ele, os princípios balizadores do mercado são contrários àquilo que chama “a lógica da estratégia”, que em geral implica tomar a atitude menos eficaz possível, a fim de confundir o inimigo e, assim, obter vantagem sobre ele. Se seus tanques têm a escolha de avançar por uma boa autoestrada ou por um atalho ruim, vá pelo atalho, diz Luttwak. Se puder dividir seus esquadrões de caças em dois porta-aviões, em vez de reuni-los num só, desperdice combustível e embarque-os separadamente. E se dois de seus inimigos estão se digladiando na Síria, sente-se e faça um brinde à boa sorte. -
RACHEL E. TECOTT [email protected]
RACHEL E. TECOTT [email protected] EDUCATION 2015 – MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Ph.D. Candidate, Political Science Fields: Security Studies, International Relations Dissertation: “The Cult of the Persuasive: The Causes and Consequences of United States Influence Strategies in Military Assistance” Committee: Barry Posen (chair), Roger Petersen, Vipin Narang 2008 – 2011 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY Bachelor of Arts (Phi Beta Kappa) Fields: Government (with Honors); International Relations PUBLICATIONS 2019 Will to Fight: Returning to the Human Fundamentals of War, RAND Corporation (contributing author) 2018 “What We Learned at the Future Strategy Forum,” Duck of Minerva (with Sara Plana) 2018 Security Cooperation in Support of the Mission to Deter Russian Aggression: A Strategic Evaluation of Logistics in the Baltics. RAND Corporation, forthcoming, (contributing author) 2017 “The Double-Edged Legacy of Obamawar,” War on the Rocks 2016 “Targeted Killing: Thinking Through the Logic,” War on the Rocks 2016 “Maybe the police aren’t militarized enough. Here’s what police can learn from soldiers,” The Washington Post (with Sara Plana) WORKING PAPERS “Campaign Analysis: Demystifying the Method” (with Andrew Halterman) “Building Armies: Strategies of Military Assistance and Recipient Military Effectiveness” “The Cult of the Persuasive: Explaining the Preference for Persuasion over Coercion in U.S. Military Assistance” “Garrison States or Democratic Restraint: The Influence of U.S. Security Force Assistance on Civil- Military Relations in Recipient States” (with Renanah Miles Joyce) “Beyond the Secure Second Strike: Overlooked Pathways to Nuclear Use” 1 WORK EXPERIENCE 2018 – Adjunct Researcher, RAND Corporation Conduct interviews and archival research to inform the U.S. Army’s efforts to improve the design and implementation of Security Cooperation (SC) and Security Force Assistance (SFA). -
The Calculus of Cyber Warfare As Influenced by the Subtle Art of Military Theory
Journal of The Colloquium for Information System Security Education (CISSE) Edition 5, Issue 1 - October 2017 The Calculus of Cyber Warfare as Influenced by the Subtle Art of Military Theory David R. Shaw [email protected] Jeff Carr [email protected] Tom Muehleisen [email protected] University of Washington Center for Information Assurance and Cybersecurity Bothell, WA Abstract - Ever since The “History of the Peloponnesian War as written by Thucydides, an Athenian historian who also happened to serve as an Athenian general during the war, we have intellectually feasted upon progressive war theories throughout the ages. Conventional war is generally considered a three-dimensional endeavor. With the advent of cyber warfare, we add a fourth dimension of silent, asymmetric proportions, normally conducted by nation- states waged against one another. This war is currently being fought on a global scale endangering the security of many States and organizations. We face a vicious cyber offense with no rules of engagement and defend with a cyber defense system that labors valiantly under layers of rules, regulations, and oversight that is legacy from decades back, slow to progress to match the speed and efficiency of the cyber threat. The authors of this paper seek to address the cyber threat from a military perspective, adapting time proven strategic military theory and theorists concepts of conventional warfare to principles of cyber warfare. 1 Journal of The Colloquium for Information System Security Education (CISSE) Edition 5, -
Is Grand Strategy a Research Program? a Review Essay
SECURITY STUDIES 2019, VOL. 28, NO. 1, 58–86 https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2018.1508631 Is Grand Strategy a Research Program? A Review Essay Thierry Balzacq, Peter Dombrowski and Simon Reich ABSTRACT The literature on grand strategy is dynamic and voluminous. Yet a vital set of questions remains unsettled. There is little agreement on such basic issues as a common definition of grand strategy, the appropriate methods that should be employed in studying it, which countries qualify as compara- tive cases, and whether the purpose of research is explanatory or prescriptive. This article examines four recent, important books as a platform for addressing these issues and argues that, as currently constituted, grand strategy is a field of study rather than a mature research program. It concludes by offer- ing a modest range of options that can be employed to rect- ify these problems and develop a comparative grand strategy program. What Good Is Grand Strategy? Power and Purpose in American Statecraft from Harry S. Truman to George W. Bush. By Hal Brands. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015. 271 pages. America Abroad: The United States’ Global Role in the 21st Century.By Stephen Brooks and William Wohlforth. London: Oxford University Press, 2016. 288 pages. The Evolution of Modern Grand Strategic Thought. By Lukas Milevski. London: Oxford University Press, 2016. 176 pages. Restraint: A New Foundation for U.S. Grand Strategy. By Barry Posen. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014. 234 pages. Like nostalgia, grand strategy always seems to be fashionable. Scholars and pundits—in the United States and abroad—churn out books, articles, and editorials, parsing out every administration’s foreign and security Thierry Balzacq is the Tocqueville Chair in Security Policies and Francqui Research Chair at the University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.