ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2014, Vol. 94, No. 4, pp. 605–612. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2014. Original Russian Text © V.A. Krivokhatsky, N.A. Shapoval, A.P. Shapoval, 2014, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2014, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 171–178. TAXONOMY Antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) from Ornithological Traps on the Curonian Spit: a Three-species Community Containing a New Species V. A. Krivokhatskya, N. A. Shapovalb, and A. P. Shapovalc Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Received July 30, 2013

Abstract—A mixed antlion community is recorded at the “Fringilla” Research Station, “Rybachii” Biological Sta- tion, Curonian Spit, Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Province, Russia; the adults were captured using ornithological traps and the larvae were found on sand dunes around. The ratio of the larval numbers in the mixed colonies of Myrme- leon tschernovi sp. n., Myrmeleon formicarius L., and Euroleon nostras (Geoffr.) is 100 : 3 : 2. The new species is described, the other two are recorded in Kaliningrad Province for the first time. Morphologically, Myrmeleon tschernovi sp. n. is similar to Myrmeleon bore (Tjed.), being its neighbor in the Baltic Region and occupying its econiche. The most characteristic distinctions between these species are found in the male genitalia and in the lar- val head chaetotaxy and color pattern. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873814040137

It is generally thought that the insect fauna of Rybachy-type traps was published by Markovets and Europe has been rather fully studied, and the probabil- Shapoval (2001); however, Neuroptera have not been ity to discover a new species in nature has been ex- collected earlier with such traps. tremely little for a long time (Frontaine et al., 2012). The material was collected from the Curonian Spit This was the reason why new European species were of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Prov., Russia [55°08′N, described in recent decades only in the course of revi- 20°42′E]) at the “Fringilla” Research Station of the sions of small, poorly-studied taxa. In our opinion, the Zoological Institute, the Russian Academy of Sci- inventory process of the West Palaearctic fauna of ences. Numerous funnels of antlion larvae were ob- even such a small and well-studied family as Myrme- served near the ornithological trap almost every sum- leontidae (antlions, Neuroptera) is still unfinished. mer season (Fig. 1, 1–3); the adults with patternless This statement is substantiated not only by a relatively wings (the genus Myrmeleon L.) sometimes occurred recent record of new species in the Mediterranean in nets during work with birds and dragonflies. Basin (Aspöck and Aspöck, 2009; Pantaleoni and In August 2011, a pair of antlions with spotted wings Badano, 2012), but also by the results of our study. was caught in the trap. It was the northernmost record The data presented here are based on a unique finding of Euroleon nostras (Geoffr.) for Russia. Both in ornithological traps of a new species of this family individuals were mature and not tattered, but based in such a well-studied northern region as the Baltic on their condition, it was difficult to determine Sea coast. whether they were migratory or emerged on the split. The Rybachy-type traps have long been used for re- Therefore, in the summer of 2012, we closely investi- cords of migrating dragonflies at various ornithologi- gated a local larval colony of antlions and the state cal stations (Borisov, 2009; Kharitonov and Popova, of the migrants caught in nets. The study was carried 2010) and, among others, in recent years, at the Bio- out by A.P. and N.A. Shapovals at the station and by logical Station of the Zoological Institute of the Rus- V.A. Krivokhatsky and N.A. Shapoval in St. Peters- sian Academy of Sciences near Rybachii Village on burg. the Curonian Spit (Shapoval and Buszyński, 2012). Adults were collected from the traps every morning. Using such traps, records of lepidopterans (Shapoval In the series collected, the 5–10 most diverse individu- and Shapoval, 2007, 2008; etc.) were also made. als were selected, and the others were released beyond A general review of the animals recorded using the the trap. The species of the genus Myrmeleon were not

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Fig. 1. Habitats surveyed: (1) plot no. 1 near nets, mixed antlion community; (2) plot no. 3, funnels of mixed antlion community; (3) plot no. 6, funnels of colony of Myrmeleon tschernovi sp. n.; (4) adult M. tschernovi sp. n. near ornithological trap. distinguished in the field, and their ratio was calcu- and on larvae of the cockroach Gromphadorhina por- lated based on the samples in the laboratory. The sex tentosa (Schaum). During both seasons, the recordings of the insects was determined only for the collection were accompanied by field photographing of the in- specimens. sects with Canon 350 D photo camera; the collection specimens were photographed with a Sony Cyber-shot Larvae were collected simultaneously (16.VI.2012) camera with magnifying lenses; a MBS-1 microscope from all the plots (Table 2) previously detected and was used for fine details. described. Mixed larval communities of two or three antlion species were usually associated with ecotonous The whole material, including the type series of the elements of the dune landscape: sandy bare areas in new species described here, is deposited in the collec- willow stands, the edges of pine plantings, roads, etc. tion of the Zoological Institute, the Russian Academy Uniform sandy areas, slopes of overgrowing dunes, of Sciences, St. Petersburg. and lowlands were most frequently inhabited by homotypical colonies of the new species described A LIST OF THE SPECIES FOUND below as Myrmeleon tschernovi sp. n. Euroleon nostras (Fourcroy, 1785) The larval stages of Euroleon nostras and Myrme- Material. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kaliningrad Prov., Curonian leon formicarius L. were described earlier (Krivokhat- Spit, “Fringilla” Research Station, ornithological traps, sky, 2011); therefore, the larvae of the new species 15.VIII.2011; 2 ♂ and 9 ♀, same locality and methods, were rather simply separated for determination. In 27.VII–24.VIII.2012; 4 larvae of 2nd instar, plot nos. 2013, additional material of larvae of the new species 1, 2 and 8, 16.VI.2012 (A.P. Shapoval). was collected: in one of the colonies, 16 larvae of the 2nd and 3rd instars were collected on 15.V.2013; they In the monograph on the antlion fauna of Russia were fed in the laboratory at first on the ants Lasius (Krivokhatsky, 2011), Eu. nostras was referred to as fuliginosus (Latr.) and then mainly on larvae of the a western Palaearctic nemoral species; however, it has laboratory culture of the fly Calliphora vicina R.-D. not been recorded earlier from the territory of Kalinin-

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Table 1. The number of adult antlions collected with ornithological trap of the “Fringilla” Research Station on the Curonian Spit, Baltic Sea, in 2012 Myrmeleon Date M. tschernovi sp. n. M. formicarius Euroleon nostras spp. 27.VII 12 2 28.VII 25 29.VII 20 2 males, 4 females 02.VIII 6 1 male 1 male, 4 females 03.VIII 6 1 male, 2 females 3 females 04.VIII 10 2 males, 2 females 1 male, 1 female 05.VIII 6 2 males, 2 females 1 male, 1 female 1 female 06.VIII 43 2 males, 2 females 1 male, 1 female 1 female 07.VIII 19 7 females 2 females 08.VIII 3 1 male, 1 female 1 female 1 male, 1 female 10.VIII 1 12.VIII 1 1 female 13.VIII 2 14.VIII 3 1 male, 2 females 1 female 15.VIII 8 2 males, 6 females 16.VIII 2 2 females 18.VIII 3 1 male, 1 female 1 female 1female 19.VIII 3 2 females 1 female 1 male 20.VIII 8 2 females 4 females 21.VIII 1 1 female 22.VIII 1 24.VIII 7 2 males, 3 females 2 females 26.VIII 1 1 female 31.VIII 1 1 female 01.IX 2 1 female 1 female Total number 196 56 22 13 of the individuals collected Relative number 10 3 2 of individuals grad Province. The nearest records in the ZIN collec- ginal position in relation to those of M. tschernovi tion are those made from Lithuania, Latvia, and Po- sp. n., being mainly situated under the edge of a dune land; therefore, record of the species from the (Fig. 1, 1). Curonian Spit is obviously quite expected. Unfortu- nately, out data are not sufficient to estimate the dura- Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaeus, 1767 tion of the existence of this population. It may be only a short-term colony periodically re-established owing Material. 4 ♂ and 18 ♀, Kaliningrad Prov., to the wind drift from the southwest. Curonian Spit, “Fringilla” Research Station, ornitho- logical traps, 02.VIII–01.IX.2012; 6 larvae of 3rd in- In Puszcza Kampinoska (Lomna, the environs of star, plot no. 3, 16.VI.2012 (A.P. Shapoval). Warsaw, 2005), we observed a colony of larvae of this species immediately under the slope above a large In the Russian fauna (Krivokhatsky, 2011), M. for- colony of M. bore (Tjed.) (Krivokhatsky, 2011). In the micarius is known as a Transpalaearctic nemoral- areas with mixed communities on the Curonian Spit, boreal species; however, it has not been recorded in funnels of the larvae of Eu. nostras also occupy a mar- the territory of Kaliningrad Province. In the Baltic

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Table 2. The number of individuals and the instars (2nd, 3rd) of the antlion larvae collected from various plots in the area of the trap complex of the “Fringilla” Research Station on the Curonian Spit, Baltic Sea (16.VI.2012) No. Myrmeleon Euroleon Description of biotope M. formicarius of plot tschernovi sp. n. nostras 1 Willow stand with bared sandy areas near trap no. 5 7 (3rd) 1 (2nd) (3–5 m from the edge of a grove) 2 Overgrowing dunes near trap no. 8 (wormwood, gra- 7 (3rd) 1 (2nd) mineans, 50 m from the edge of the willow stand) 3 Dunes 20 m N of trap no. 8 (3–5 m from the edge of 3 (3rd), 7 (2nd) 6 (3rd) the willow stand) 4 A lowland with thickets of Fabaceae, gramineans, and 21 (3rd), 14 (2nd) wormwoods near trap no. 7 5 A sandy slope near thickets of willow and pine plant- 20 (3rd), 1 (2nd) ings, 100 m S of trap no. 7 6 A gentle sandy slope (gramineans, lichens, thyme) 17 (3rd), 8 (2nd) 7 Overgrowing dunes and an old road (shrubs of willow, 20 (3rd), 20 (2nd) separate pines), 300 m S of the complex of traps 8 Overgrowing dunes and old road (willow shrubs, sepa- 38 (3rd), 10 (2nd) 2 (2nd) rate pines), 500 m S of the complex of traps The total number of the individuals collected 194 6 4 Relative number of individuals 97 3 2

Region, this species is common, and our record (Figs. 1, 4; 2, 1). Length of fore wing 24–33 mm was quite expected. In coastal sandy landscapes, (mode 27), length of hind wing 23–29 mm; length of for example, on the St. Petersburg coast of the Gulf abdomen 18–25 mm in both sexes. of Finland and in the Vistula River floodland Head flat, opisthognathous, with convex frons, (Poland), the species frequently forms mixed com- black with fine pale pattern: pale brown (white in munities with the more abundant M. bore (Krivo- some individuals) subantennal rings, stripes of eye khatsky, 2011). On the Curonian Spit, we found simi- margination, and margination of clypeus. Labrum, lar mixed communities with the predominance of mandibles, and basal segments of palpi golden. Second another new species of the same genus, M. tschernovi and third segments of both pairs of palpi dark brown. sp. n. (Fig. 1, 2). Ultimate segment of labial palpus fusiform thickened. Antennae short, shorter than thorax, with gradually Myrmeleon tschernovi Krivokhatsky, widening flattened club, black except for scape with N. Shapoval et A. Shapoval, sp. n. wide pale spot. Material. Holotype: ♂, Kaliningrad Prov., Cu- Pronotum dark brown, without spots, with paler an- ronian Spit, “Fringilla” Research Station, stationary terior angles. Other sclerites of thorax entirely dark trap for bird capturing, 12.VII.2012 (A.P. Shapoval). brown. Paratypes: 4 ♂, 2 ♀, as above, but 08.VII.17.07 and 15.VIII.2012; 2 larvae of 3rd instar, plot no. 5, Legs brown with yellow pattern, with sparse black 16.VI.2012 (A.P. Shapoval). spines. Fore and middle femora basally with long trichobothria—characteristic sensory hair. All femora In addition, we used in the description the whole yellow in basal halves and with yellow knees, brown material examined (both living and fixed) and listed in distally. Fore tibia brown with fine pale ring in basal the paper (Tables 1, 2), and also the larval exuvia ob- third. Middle and hind tibiae pale with brown longitu- tained in the laboratory. dinal stripes and brown apices. Tarsal segments two- Description. Adult. Large and medium-sized, black colored, 5th segments in all legs entirely black. Spurs or brown antlions with hyaline wings without pattern rufous, nearly straight, short, shorter than 1st tarsal

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Fig. 2. Myrmeleon tschernovi sp. n.: (1) general appearance of male, paratype; (2) end of male abdomen, paratype; (3) internal male genitalia; (4) end of female abdomen, paratype; (5) larva of 3rd instar, dorsal view; (6) larva of 3rd instar, ventral view. Scale (mm): 1, 5, 6—10; 2, 4—1; 3—0.25.

ENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 94 No. 4 2014 610 KRIVOKHATSKY et al. segment (in all legs). Claws shorter but wider than Ocellar tubercle weakly convex, projecting fron- spurs, strongly curved, widely spaced. tally, with nearly fused brown simple ocelli sur- rounded and separated by black setae of lateral margin Wings hyaline, without pattern, with two-color ve- of head capsule. nation: nearly all longitudinal and cross-veins brown with pale intervals; only CuP+1A in fore wing entirely Mandible with 3 teeth equally distant from one black. Presectoral area with 5–8 (usually with 6 or 7) another and gradually enlarged toward mandible cross-veins in fore wing and with 4–7 cross-veins in apex. One seta present above apical tooth, and 2 or hind wing. Precubital area of fore wing simple, with or 3 setae situated between teeth. 5–7 setae sharply in- without 1 or 2 cross-veins. Cubitoanal area of fore creasing in length arranged from base to 1st tooth wing single-row, without accessory cross-veins, with of mandible. Longest (modal) setae of inner row closed pentagonal cell only between 2A and 3A. slightly longer than half of nearest tooth. Setae of 2A simple, sparsely branched; 3A forming 3 or 4 inner row parallel to teeth. Length of long setae of branches. In hind wing, 2A and 3A shortly bifurcate, outer row of mandibles equal to width of mandible, both connected with preceding short veins. In hind these setae perpendicular to mandibular margin. Small wing, beginning of R-sector distinctly shifted along black setae directed forward and situated between long cross-vein toward MP–1. Anterior and posterior setae appearing as distinct marginal row. Another Banksian lines developed in both pairs of wings; stig- more row of small appressed setae situated on dorsal mata whitish, well visible against dark background. surface of mandible sublaterally; ventral surface Males with axillary plates. glabrous. Labrum emarginate, its lobes with long erect setae. Abdomen dark brown, anterior parts of tergites pale Labium pale, deeply split; each lobe with strong long brown or with fine white-yellow margination, spots seta at base and at apex. Labial palpi (in ventral view) absent. Abdomen with erect silvery hairs densest on 3-segmented, with short 2-segmented flagellum slight- ectoprocts. Ectoprocts of male with deep ventral exci- ly projecting beyond margin of base of mandible; 3rd sion (Fig. 2, 2) well visible from various points of segment somewhat longer than 2nd. Scape densely view on slides and in living insects. Internal genitalia covered with black setae longest on outer margin; represented by wide arc of gonarcus with pair of pa- flagellar segments with 0–2 setae each. Antennae (in rameres (Fig. 2, 3). Female genitalia (Fig. 2, 4) with- dorsal view) short (hardly reaching anterior tooth of out posterior, but with anterior and lateral gonapophy- mandibles), filiform. ses. Lateral gonapophyses, as well as ectoprocts, pro- vided with area of strong digging setae. Thorax with black setae, straw-colored, with com- plicate brown pattern; prothorax dorsally with dark Larva. Length of living larva of 3rd instar brown submedian stripes, sternites of meso- and 13–16 mm, of 2nd instar 9–14 mm. Body drop-shaped, metathorax with pair of dark brown spots. with cryptic coloration (Fig. 2, 3) allowing to merge with background of sand in which larvae building Legs uniformly pale, with black hairs and setae. funnels. Larva moving back to front. Abdomen with simpler pattern. Sides of abdominal Head (Fig. 2, 5) pale, straw-colored, with thick erect segments I–VIII, similarly to metasternum, with warts brown setae longest on head capsule dorsolaterally and bearing tufts of long black setae. Anal segment with on clypeus frontally. Dorsal reddish dark brown pat- 2 rows of spatulate setae on sternite IX. Posterior row tern: V-shaped spot occupying nearly whole surface of divided into 2 symmetrical groups of 4 such setae, clypeus, pair of large rounded central frontal spots each of them continuing as comb of unmodified long adjoining it, and also pair of oblique submedian, and setae. Similar row of 4 spatulate setae situated more pair of lateral paler narrow spots (Fig. 2, 5). Ventral closely to anterior margin of sternite. Between this pattern on head (Fig. 2, 6): oblique dark brown pre- row and anterior margin of segment, sparsely scattered mandibular spots extending from ocellar tubercle, ordinary thickened setae usually present. surrounding mandibular margination, and sharply turn- Comparative diagnosis. In the territory of Russia, ing submedially, pair of narrow dark brown malar only four species of the genus Myrmeleon were known spots, and pair of rounded pale brown, widely spaced until now: M. formicarius, M. bore, M. inconspicuous submedian spots. Wax threads absent. Rmb., and M. immanis Walk. (Krivokhatsky, 2011).

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Myrmeleon tschernovi sp. n., belonging to the group of Biology. The rate of the larvae of M. tschernovi the dark brown Myrmeleon species with the body size sp. n., M. formicarius, and E. nostras in the communi- slightly larger than the medium-sized, is most similar ties studied, is 100 : 3 : 2. That for the adults caught morphologically to the sympatric Trans-Palaearctic with ornithological traps is 10 : 3 : 2. This sharp dif- species M. formicarius and M. bore. The wings of the ference seems to be an artifact and can be related to new species are slightly narrower than those of the methodological peculiarities of the records in nets. M. formicarius, and its body size is closest to that of At the same time, these data show the leading position the Central European M. noaki (Hz.); however, the occupied by the new species in the antlion groupings males of the new species possess axillary plates at the on the Curonian Spit. It is interesting that in this area, base of the hind wing, similar to those of M. bore. The the new species replaces in the dune communities absence of spots on the pronotum and the ectoproctal another widespread species of the same genus, emargination shifted toward the center in the males of M. bore, which, in similar habitats, e.g., on the coast M. tschernovi relate it to the Himalayan M. trivialis of the Gulf of Finland and in the Vistula River flood- Gerst. and the Tibetan M. zanganus Yang. We con- land (Krivokhatsky, 2011), occupies a similar leading sider the two latter species to be distinct, despite the position. Having similar biotopical preferences, these proposal of Chinese authors (Zhan et al., 2011) to two species rather sharply differ in the biology: synonymize them. However, the inner cubital area of M. bore is characterized by active mating swarms the fore wing of the species described by us is single- shortened down to 1–2 summer evenings (Krivokhat- row, without a complex of accessory cross-veins, simi- sky, 2011), while M. tschernovi sp. n. demonstrates a lar to that in the M. bore group. The new species is uniform flight of adults throughout July (Table 1), also similar to the M. bore group in the presence of without pronounced peaks of activity. round brown axillary plates in the males. At the same Etymology. The species is named in memory of time, the blackish brown pronotum has no pale pattern, the eminent Russian ecologist and biogeographer, similarly to that in M trivialis. The ectoprocts of the Yurii Ivanovich Chernov. male of M. tschernovi sp. n. form a deep emargination In our opinion, record of M. tschernovi sp. n. is occupying the central position, similarly to those in unique. The Himalayan M. trivialis, most similar in M. trivialis and M. zanganus, i.e., these structures the adult morphology, can hardly be closely related to clearly differ from those in M. bore. The internal male it because of sharp areological distinctions. In addi- genitalia are also most similar to those of M. trivialis tion, M. trivialis is rare, i.e., it does not form large in the shape of the gonarcus. However, M. tschernovi colonies; the larva of this species has not been de- sp. n. differs from this species in the characters of scribed. The ecological analog of the taxon described, venation, in particular, in a simple cubitoanal area of M. bore, is its nearest geographical neighbor and ex- the fore wing. hibits a number of similar fundamental characters of the larval morphology, e.g., three-segmented palpi. The larvae of M. tschernovi sp. n. differ from the However, among the groups with the “southern” overwhelming majority of larvae of the Palaearctic origin, including the Myrmelonthidae, sympatric Myrmeleontini in the three-segmented labial palpi. closely related species virtually do not occur in the A similar structure of the labial palpi is known only northern latitudes. We have found the only analog of for larvae of the sympatric M. bore. The head chaeto- the situation described, when close species with the taxy in the larvae of M. bore is characterized by the “southern” roots have the contacting ranges in the presence of a dense oblique row of setae under the Baltic Region. These are the cryptic species Leptidea ocellar tubercle and labial palpus, and also by a unique sinapis L. and L. juvernica Will. (Dancă et al., 2011). covering of the head capsule consisting of setiform Possibly, only future molecular-genetic investigations wax threads. Both these characters are absent in larvae of the Myrmeleon species will help to determine the of M. tschernovi sp. n. The submedian dark brown phylogenetic relationships of the Palaearctic forms spots on the ventral surface of the head, used for dia- and, in particular, the ways and conditions of the ori- gnostics of M. bore larvae under the field conditions, gin of M. tschernovi sp. n. though they are present in the new species but are the least bright element of the pattern. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Distribution. At present, this species is known only The authors are grateful to D.M. Astakhov, from the Curonian Spit in the Baltic Sea. V.A. Lukhtanov, A.P. Nesin, and O.G. Ovchinnikova

ENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 94 No. 4 2014 612 KRIVOKHATSKY et al. for providing antlion larvae with living food—the beria and the Far East, with Participation of Foreign insects from the cultures maintained by them. Scientists. October, 4–7, 2010 (Novosibirsk, 2010), pp. 207–208. The collection of the Zoological Institute, the Rus- 6. Krivokhatsky, V.A., The Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrme- sian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, to which leontidae) of Russia. (Keys to the Fauna, Published by the material collected, including the types, was grant- the Zoological Institute, the Russian Academy of Sci- ed, is supported by the Ministry of Education and ences, Issue 174) (KMK, St. Petersburg–Moscow, 2011) Science of the Russian Federation (16.518.XI.7070). [in Russian]. 7. Markovets, M.Yu. and Shapoval, A.P., “The Role of REFERENCES Rybachy Traps in Faunal Studies,” in The Role of Bio- logical Research Stations in Preservation of the Biodi- 1. Aspöck, H. and Aspöck, U., “Wiederentdeckung des versity of Russia (Moscow, 2001), pp. 111–113 [in Rus- misteriösen Genus Pseudimares Kimmins, 1933, und sian]. Beschreibung einer neuen Art aus Marokko, Pseud- 8. Pantaleoni, R.A. and Badano, D., “Myrmeleon puni- imares aphrodite n. sp. (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae),” canus n. sp., a New Pit-building Antlion (Neuroptera Entomol. Nachrich. Ber. 53 (1), 41–47 (2009). Myrmeleontidae) from Sicily and Pantelleria,” Bull. In- 2. Borisov, S.N., “Study of Dragonfly (Odonata) Migra- sectol. 65 (1), 139–148 (2012). tions in the Western Tien Shan Mountains Using Orni- 9. Shapoval, A.P. and Buszyński P., “Remarkable Odonata thological Traps,” Zool. Zh. 88 (10), 1179–1183 (2009) Caught in Ornithological Traps on the Courish Spit, Ka- [Entomol. Rev. 89 (9), 1025–1029 (2009)]. liningrad Oblast, Russia,” Libellula 31 (1/2), 97–109 3. Dancă, V., Lukhtanov, V.A., Talavera, G., and Vila, R., (2012). “Unexpected Layers of Cryptic Diversity in Wood 10. Shapoval, N.A. and Shapoval, A.P., “Nocturnal Lepi- White Leptidea Butterflies,” Natur. Comm. 2, 324 dopterans (Lepidoptera, Macroheterocera) of the (2011), DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1329:1-8. Curonian Spit in the Baltic Sea,” Entomol. Obozr. 86 4. Frontaine, B., van Achterberg, K., Alonso-Zarazaga, (1), 63–69 (2007) [Entomol. Rev. 87 (7), 859–865 M.A., Araujo, R., Asche, M., et al., New Species in the (2007)]. Old World: Europe as a Frontier in Biodiversity Explo- 11. Shapoval, N.A. and Shapoval, A.P., “Butterflies (Lepi- ration, a Test Bed for the 21st Century Taxonomy (PLoS doptera, Rhopalocera) of the Curonian Spit in the Baltic ONE 7(5): e3688, 2012), DOI: 10.1371/ Sea,” Entomol. Obozr. 87 (3), 543–552 [Entomol. Rev. journal.pone.0036881. 88 (1), 42–45 (2008)]. 5. Kharitonov, A.Yu. and Popova, O.N., “Distribution of 12. Zhan Quin Bin, Abraham, L., Wan Xin Li, “A New Dragonflies: Scope and Consequences,” in The Entomo- Record Species of Myrmeleon Linnaeus from China logical Studies in Northern Asia. Proceedings of the (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae),” Acta Zootax. Sinica 36 VIII Inter-regional Conference of Entomologists of Si- (4), 994–996 (2011).

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