A Photographic Guide to Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Sorted by Scientific Name

Miller/Knox Plants

A photographic guide to wild plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline

Sorted by Scientific Name

Photographs by Wilde Legard Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District Revision: February 23, 2007 More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants.

The selection of plants displayed in this guide is by no means complete. The intent is to expand the quality and quantity of photos over time. The revision date is shown on the cover and on the header of each photo page. A comprehensive plant list for this area (including the many species not found in this publication) can be downloaded at the East Bay Regional Park District’s wild plant download page at: http://www.ebparks.org.

This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format to accommodate these planned updates. You have permission to freely download, distribute, and print this pdf for individual use. You are not allowed to sell the electronic or printed versions.

In this version of the guide, the included plants are sorted alphabetically by scientific name. Under each photograph are four lines of information, based on upon the current standard wild plant reference for California: The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, 1993.

Scientific Name Scientific names revised since 1993 are NOT included in this edition. Common Name These non-standard names are based on Jepson and other local references. Origin & Longevity Native or Introduced. Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Scientific Family Name The scientific plant family name according to Jepson.

For readers that prefer a guide focusing on showy wildflowers, sorted by flower color and emphasizing common names, please download the “wildflower” version of this guide.

Readers are encouraged to email any suggestions or corrections to [email protected].

Achillea millefolium Adiantum jordanii Aesculus californica Aira caryophyllea Yarrow Calif. Maidenhair Fern California Buckeye Silver European Hair Grass Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Asteraceae Pteridaceae Hippocastanaceae Poaceae

Alisma plantago-aquatica Ambrosia psilostachya Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Anagallis arvensis Common Water Plantain Western Ragweed Common Fiddleneck Scarlet Pimpernel Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Annual Introduced Annual Alismataceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae Primulaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 2 of 21

Anthemis cotula Artemisia californica Artemisia douglasiana Avena barbata Mayweed California Sagebrush California Mugwort Slender Wild Oat Introduced Annual Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Poaceae

Avena fatua Baccharis douglasii Baccharis pilularis Bellardia trixago Wild Oat Douglas/Salt Marsh Baccharis Coyote Bush Bellardia Introduced Annual Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 3 of 21

Brassica nigra Brassica rapa Briza maxima Briza minor Black Mustard Yellow Field Mustard Big Quaking Grass Little Quaking Grass Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Poaceae Poaceae

Bromus carinatus var. carinatus Bromus diandrus Bromus hordeaceus Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens California Brome Ripgut Brome Soft Brome Red Foxtail Brome Native Perennial Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 4 of 21

Calandrinia ciliata Camissonia ovata Capsella bursa-pastoris Cardamine californica Magenta Red Maids Golden Eggs Suncup Shepherd's Purse Milkmaids Native Annual Native Perennial Introduced Annual Native Perennial Portulacaceae Onagraceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae

Cardamine oligosperma Carduus pycnocephalus Carpobrotus edulis Castilleja affinis ssp. affinis Western Bitter Cress Italian Thistle Yellow Hottentot Fig Common Indian Paintbrush Native Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Brassicaceae Asteraceae Aizoaceae Scrophulariaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 5 of 21

Castilleja attenuata Centaurea solstitialis Cerastium glomeratum Chamomilla suaveolens Valley Tassels Yellow Star Thistle Mouse-ear Chickweed Pineapple Weed Native Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae

Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum Cirsium vulgare Conium maculatum Convolvulus arvensis Common Soap Plant Bull Thistle Poison Hemlock Field Bindweed Native Perennial Introduced Biennial Introduced Biennial Introduced Perennial Liliaceae Asteraceae Apiaceae Convolvulaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 6 of 21

Conyza bonariensis Cortaderia selloana Cotula coronopifolia Crassula connata South American Horseweed Smooth Pampas Grass Brass Buttons Sand Pygmy Weed Introduced Annual Introduced Perennial Introduced Perennial Native Annual Asteraceae Poaceae Asteraceae Crassulaceae

Cynara cardunculus Cynoglossum grande Cynosurus echinatus Cyperus eragrostis Cardoon / Artichoke Thistle Large Hound's Tongue Hedgehog Dogtail Grass Tall Nutsedge Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Native Perennial Asteraceae Boraginaceae Poaceae Cyperaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 7 of 21

Dactylis glomerata Danthonia californica var. californica Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Dodecatheon hendersonii Orchard Grass California Oat Grass Blue Dicks Mosquitobills Shooting Star Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Poaceae Poaceae Liliaceae Primulaceae

Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Epilobium brachycarpum Epilobium canum ssp. canum Eremocarpus setigerus Blue Wild Rye Panicled / Weedy Willowherb California Fuchsia Turkey Mullein Native Perennial Native Annual Native Perennial Native Annual Poaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Euphorbiaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 8 of 21

Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. confertiflorum Erodium botrys Erodium cicutarium Erodium moschatum Golden Yarrow Long-beaked Filaree Red-stem Filaree White-stem Filaree Native Perennial Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Asteraceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae

Eschscholzia californica Eucalyptus globulus Euthamia occidentalis Festuca rubra California Poppy Blue Gum Western Goldenrod Red Fescue Native Perennial Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Papaveraceae Myrtaceae Asteraceae Poaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 9 of 21

Filago gallica Foeniculum vulgare Galium aparine Gastridium ventricosum Fluffweed Sweet Fennel Goosegrass Bedstraw Nit Grass Introduced Annual Introduced Perennial Native Annual Introduced Annual Asteraceae Apiaceae Rubiaceae Poaceae

Genista monspessulana Geranium dissectum Gnaphalium californicum Heliotropium curassavicum French Broom Purpletip Cut-leaf Geranium California Everlasting Seaside Heliotrope Introduced Perennial Introduced Annual Native Biennial Native Perennial Fabaceae Geraniaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 10 of 21

Hemizonia congesta ssp. luzulaefolia Hemizonia fitchii Heracleum lanatum Heteromeles arbutifolia Hayfield Tarweed Fitch Spikeweed Cow Parsnip Toyon Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Asteraceae Asteraceae Apiaceae Rosaceae

Holodiscus discolor Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum Hordeum marinum ssp. gussoneanum Creambush / Ocean Spray Meadow Barley California Barley Mediterranean Barley Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Rosaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 11 of 21

Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Hypochaeris glabra Hypochaeris radicata Juncus patens Hare Barley Smooth Cat's-ear Rough Cat's-ear Spreading Rush Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Juncaceae

Juncus xiphioides Lathyrus vestitus var. vestitus Lepidium nitidum var. nitidum Lepidium strictum Iris-leaf Rush Pale Purple Pacific Pea Threadleaf Peppergrass Prostrate Peppergrass Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Annual Introduced Annual Juncaceae Fabaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 12 of 21

Lolium multiflorum Lotus corniculatus Lotus scoparius var. scoparius Lotus wrangelianus Awned Italian Rye Grass Bird's-foot Deerweed Deerweed California Lotus Introduced Perennial Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Native Annual Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae

Lupinus nanus Lupinus succulentus Lythrum hyssopifolium Madia sativa Douglas Sky Lupine Arroyo Lupine Grass Poly Loosestrife Common / Coast Tarweed Native Annual Native Annual Introduced Annual-Perennial Native Annual Fabaceae Fabaceae Lythraceae Asteraceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 13 of 21

Malva nicaeensis Malva parviflora Marah fabaceus Marrubium vulgare Bull Mallow Hidden-flower Cheeseweed Common / California Manroot Common Horehound Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Native Perennial Introduced Perennial Malvaceae Malvaceae Cucurbitaceae Lamiaceae

Medicago polymorpha Melilotus alba Melilotus indica Mimulus aurantiacus California Bur Clover White Sweet Clover Sour Clover Bush Monkey Flower Introduced Annual Introduced Annual-Biennial Introduced Annual-Biennial Native Perennial Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Scrophulariaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 14 of 21

Nassella pulchra Oemleria cerasiformis Oxalis pes-caprae Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis Purple Needle Grass Oso Berry Bermuda Buttercup Goldenback Fern Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Poaceae Rosaceae Oxalidaceae Pteridaceae

Phacelia californica Phalaris aquatica Picris echioides Plagiobothrys nothofulvus California / Rock Phacelia Harding Grass Bristly Ox-tongue Nievitas Popcorn Flower Native Perennial Introduced Perennial Introduced Annual-Biennial Native Annual Hydrophyllaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 15 of 21

Plantago erecta Plantago lanceolata Poa secunda ssp. secunda Polygonum arenastrum California Dwarf Plantain English Plantain One-side Blue Grass Common Yard Knotweed Native Annual Introduced Annual Native Perennial Introduced Annual Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Poaceae Polygonaceae

Polypodium calirhiza Polypogon monspeliensis Portulaca oleracea Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Polypody Fern Annual Rabbitfoot Grass Common Purslane Bracken Fern Native Perennial Introduced Annual Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Polypodiaceae Poaceae Portulacaceae Dennstaedtiaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 16 of 21

Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia Ranunculus californicus Raphanus sativus Rosa californica Coast Live Oak California Buttercup Wild Radish California Wild Rose Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Native Perennial Fagaceae Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae Rosaceae

Rubus discolor Rubus ursinus Rumex acetosella Rumex crispus Himalayan Blackberry Native California Blackberry Sheep Sorrel Curly Dock Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Perennial Introduced Perennial Rosaceae Rosaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 17 of 21

Rumex pulcher Sambucus mexicana Sanicula bipinnatifida Sanicula crassicaulis Fiddle Dock Blue Elderberry Purple Sanicle Pacific Woodland Sanicle Introduced Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Polygonaceae Caprifoliaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae

Scirpus californicus Scrophularia californica ssp. californica Senecio vulgaris Silene gallica California Bulrush California Figwort Common Groundsel Windmill Pink Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Cyperaceae Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 18 of 21

Silybum marianum Sisyrinchium bellum Solanum umbelliferum Soliva sessilis Milk Thistle Blue-eyed Grass Blue Witch Common Soliva Introduced Annual-Biennial Native Perennial Native Perennial Introduced Annual Asteraceae Iridaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae

Sonchus asper ssp. asper Sonchus oleraceus Spergula arvensis ssp. arvensis Spergularia rubra Prickly Sow Thistle Common Sow Thistle Stickwort Ruby Sand Spurry Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual Introduced Annual-Perennial Asteraceae Asteraceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 19 of 21

Stachys ajugoides var. rigida Stellaria media Symphoricarpos mollis Toxicodendron diversilobum Common Rigid Hedge Nettle Common Chickweed Creeping Snowberry Poison Oak Native Perennial Introduced Annual Native Perennial Native Perennial Lamiaceae Caryophyllaceae Caprifoliaceae Anacardiaceae

Trifolium dubium Trifolium repens Triphysaria pusilla Triteleia laxa Shamrock Clover White Clover Dwarf Owl's Clover Ithuriel's Spear Introduced Annual Introduced Perennial Native Annual Native Perennial Fabaceae Fabaceae Scrophulariaceae Liliaceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 20 of 21

Urtica urens Verbascum thapsus Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Vicia villosa ssp. varia Dwarf Stinging Nettle Common Woolly Mullein Spring Vetch Winter Vetch Introduced Annual Introduced Biennial Introduced Annual Introduced Annual-Biennial Urticaceae Scrophulariaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae

Viola pedunculata Vulpia bromoides Vulpia microstachys var. pauciflora Wyethia angustifolia Johnny-Jump-Up / Wild Pansy Six-weeks Fescue Few-flower Fescue Narrow-leaf Mule's Ear Native Perennial Introduced Annual Native Annual Native Perennial Violaceae Poaceae Poaceae Asteraceae revision 2/23/2007 Wild Plants of Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline Page 21 of 21

Xanthium spinosum Xanthium strumarium Zigadenus fremontii Spiny Clotbur Cocklebur Common Star Lily Native Annual Native Annual Native Perennial Asteraceae Asteraceae Liliaceae