Screening of sugar beet genotypes to beet cyst 3 3 2* 1 95 22/8/ : 94 31/5/ :

121 107 :( 32)2 . .1395 . . .. .

. ( schachtii Schmidt ) . 70 . SAS .

(SB32-HSF-5) 16 (NE 0911 ) 69 (SB-2) 53 SPSS

(SB31-HSF-2) 5 (SB32-HSF-5) 16

(SB31-HSF-2) 5 ( SB32-HSF-5) 16 . . .

Heterodera schachtii :

Archive of SID

. 1 2 [email protected] * . 3

www.SID.ir ... 108

(Heterodera schachti) . (Steel and Savitsky 1981) . . (Draycott 2006 ) . . . . . Beta . (Sharafeh and Teymoori 1980 ; Mehdikhani . (Van Geyt et al .1990) Moghadam et al . 1996 ; Kalali and ForivarMahin 1979 ;Parvizi 1989). 1364 (Van Geyt H. schachtii .et al .1990) .( Akhyani et al . 1993 ) . (Muller1998 ) B. Procumbentes (Jafarpoor and Mahdikhani B. Paterllaris procumbens, B . webbiana . 1997) . (. MullerArchive 1998 ) of SID . B. Procumbens 1 . (Whitney and Duffus 1986 ) . HS1 Pro1 . ( . ( Mesbah 1997 ) Procumbentes B. vulgaris ssp . . maritima .( Parvizi et al .1993 )

www.SID.ir 109 1395 / 2 / 32 /

. .( Heijbroek 1977 ) B. vulgaris ssp . maritima HS1 Pro1 (Bani-Hashemi et al . (. Lewellen 2006) 2004; Rahmani et al . 2013) B. maritima 300 . . . 10 .( .( Mesbah 199 7) . ( Taleghani et al . 2010 ) (Rahmani et al . B. procumbens 1 B88 3 W-1010 W-1009 2006) . ( Taleghani et al . 2010 ) . ) W-1009 HS 1pro1 Beta procumbens (Capistrano Beta ) W 1010 ( HS1 Pro1 .2010; Jajer 201 3) C2 NB1 ( maritima (Qiao et al . 2013 ) . 261 231 Sat - OP-D-13 (2013). . 121 . Archive of .(Vahedi SIDet al . 2008; Mahmoudi 2007) Hs1-2 . (Capistrano 2010) - (2006 ) Mesbah ) (. 1997

www.SID.ir ... 110

1000 . 4000 . . . 200 . . 70 200 .

.

. H. ) . 1:1 ( schachtii . 30 30 . . ) . ( Archive of SID ( 250 ) 60 (Fenwick 1940 ) H. schachtii . . ( Pi) . 650 30 30 . Heterodera schachtii .

www.SID.ir 111 1395 / 2 / 32 /

40 200 . . 40 80 ) .( Fenwick 1940 ) . 84 . ( 100 80 . 200 . 15 10 . 38/4 120 30 30 25 . . 1391 210 . 1 (Oostenbrink 56 . 30 RF= Pf/Pi 1966) . 70 . . (Doney and Whitney 1969) . 1392

200 210

1

. 200 0 5 . 105 . Archive 10 25 of SID 200 25 50 . 50 . 16 : SAS

www.SID.ir ... 112

( NE-0910-HSF-43 )50 . (P<0/01 ) .

SB32-)19 49/1 (F-20603 )63

. 36/1 (HSF-10 . SPSS

SB-)54 ( NE 0911 69) (SB-2) 53 15/0 ( 3 .

. 27 33/ 109 33/ ( SB35 35) . 26 14/ 104 55/ . .

( SB32-HSF-10 19) . 63/0 50/2 ( SB32-HSF-5 16) .

( SB27-HSF-10 ) 3 (SB31-HSF-2 5) . 2( )

34/2 ) (SB35 ) 35

3.( 3.( ) (

2

Archive of SID 14 /58 ** 2/91 ** 4/93 ** 46 /41 ** 0/002 ns 0/003 ns 2 150 /70 ** 127 /92 ** 2871 /45 ** 2047 /03 ** 0/57 ** 0/47 ** 69 0/27 0/19 2/69 3/16 0/01 0/09 138 7/40 7/40 6/63 7/40 14 /19 15 /41 CV * * ns

www.SID.ir 113 1395 / 2 / 32 /

Heterodera schachtii 3

1 35 SB35 /2 34 a /2 62 a 109 /33 a+ 123 /18 b+ 27 /33 a 28 23/ b 2 62 Palma /1 13 k /1 27 h 104 /55 b+ 118 /67 c+ 26 /14 b 27 22/ b 3 19 SB32 -HSF -10 /1 36 g /1 49 f 98 c+ 148 a+ 24 /5c 33 87/ a 4 63 Gi ada /1 49 f /1 58 ef 87 /85 d+ 101 /03 d+ 21 /96 d 23 15/ c 5 23 SB35 -HSF -8 /0 84 p /0 94 n 75 /61 e+ 85 /31 e+ 18 /9e 19 56/ d 6 39 S1 -89134 /0 93 n /1 01 l 74 /6e+ 81 /51 f+ 18 /65 e 18 69/ d 7 70 191 /1 14 k /1 15 j 72 /33 e+ 83 /23 ef+ 18 /08 e 19 08/ d 8 50 NE -0910 -HSF -43 /1 49 f /1 6e 74 /63 f+ 58 /69 g+ 15 /93 f 15 95/ e 9 41 SB28 -HSF -14 /0 73 q /0 08 z 63 /26 f+ 71 /38 g+ 15 /82 f 16 36/ e 10 34 SB33 /1 1k /1 27 gh 49 /65 g++ 58 /22 h+ 12 /41 g 13 30/ f 11 2 SB27 -HSF -2 /1 27 h /1 6e 49 /55 g++ 58 /21 h+ 12 /39 g 13 28/ f 261*(20314*W -1009) - /0 72 q /0 81 p 43 /64 h++ 55 /13 h+ 10 /91 h 12 64/ f 12 24 F2-S1-11-S1-3 13 67 SB30 6/0 .s /0 73 q 35 /88 i++ 50 /43 i++ /8 97 i 99/9 g 14 55 SB -4 /0 51 t /0 63 s 34 /29 i++ 39 /78 j++ /8 55 i 14/9 g 15 47 SB34 -HSF -28 /1 13 k /1 31 h 33 /36 j++ 38 /78 j++ /8 34 j 92/8 g 16 42 SB34 -HSF -1 /0 6s /0 65 qs 32 /7j++ 39 /29 j++ /8 18 k 01/9 g 17 43 SB34 -HSF -2 /0 48 tu /0 56 st 31 /92 k++ 38 /28 j++ /7 981 l 78/8 g 18 13 SB32 -HSF -2 /0 54 t /0 59 st 29 /98 l++ 33 /16 k++ /7 491 l 61/7 h 19 36 (7112*SB36)*SB31 /0 85 np /0 89 np 29 /57 l++ 33 /35 k++ /7 391 l 64/7 h 20 33 SB32 /0 88 np 11 l 27 /87 m++ 32 /48 k++ /6 97 m 45/7 i 21 51 NE -0910 -HSF -46 /0 96 n /1 02 l 27 /72 m++ 30 /32 k++ /6 93 n 4/7 i 22 48 NE -0910 -HSF -21 /0 58 st /0 68 qs 24 /1n*** 22 /99 k++ /6 03 o 78/6 i 23 22 SB35 -HSF -4 /0 76 pq /0 88 np 23 /82 n*** 31 /39 k++ /5 96 o 1/7 i 24 40 SB28 -HSF -2 /0 4u /0 45 tu 23 /72 n*** 28 /24 l++ /5 93 o 48/6 j 25 37 (7112*SB36)*SB32 /0 67 qs /0 76 pq 20 /74 o*** 50 /24 m*** /5 18 p 65/5 k 26 15 SB32 -HSF -4 /0 83 p /0 94 n 17 /82 p*** 20 /71 n*** /4 45 p 75/4 m 27 21 SB35 -HSF -1 /0 51 t /0 57 st 17 /27 q*** 18 /59 o*** /4 32 pr 27/4 o 28 59 Saccara /0 82 p /0 98 ln 16 /15 r*** 22 /79 m*** /4 04 q 21/5 l 29 32 SB31 /0 33 x /0 38 ux 16 /09 s*** 18 /3or*** /4 02 q 2/4 o 30 10 SB31 Archive-HSF -9 /0 63 s /0 73 q 15 /94 s***of 18 /SID9o*** /3 99 r 34/4 o 31 46 SB34 -HSF -13 /0 31 x /0 38 ux 15 /73 t*** 18 /28 o*** /3 93 r 19/4 o 32 18 SB32 -HSF -9 /1 31 h /1 38 g 15 /14 t*** 23 /2m*** /3 78 s 32/5 l 33 68 SB34 /0 31 x /0 4u 14 /75 t*** 20 /06 n*** /3 69 t 59/4 kn 34 12 SB32 -HSF -1 /0 19 z /0 24 y 14 /58 t*** 17 /85 o*** /3 65 t 09/4 p 35 17 SB32 -HSF -8 /0 28 xy /0 33 x 13 /67 t*** 16 /12 p*** /3 42 u 69/3 q 261*(20314*W -1009) - /0 23 y /0 28 xy 13 /11 u*** 15 /19 q*** /3 28 v 48/3 r 36 27 F2-S1-11-S1-20 37 11 SB31 -HSF -10 /0 3x /0 34 x 12 /95 u*** 15 /22 q*** /3 24 v 49/3 r 261*(20314*W -1009) - /0 67 qs /0 73 q 12 /11 v*** 14 /66 r*** /3 03 w 36/3 s 38 25 F2-S1-11-S1-11 39 53 SB -2 /0 15 z /0 19 z 11 /89 v*** 15 /71 q*** /2 97 w 61/3 q 40 54 SB -3 /0 15 z /0 21 y 11 /89 v*** 16 /76 p*** /2 97 w 84/3 mp

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41 65 SB28 /0 61 s /0 73 q 11 /88 v*** 16 /62 p*** /2 97 w 81/3 mp 42 66 SB29 /0 66 qs /0 75 pq 11 /66 v*** 16 /16 p*** /2 92 x 71/3 q 43 49 NE -0910 -HSF -38 /0 48 tu /0 55 st 11 /65 v*** 15 /11 q*** /2 91 x 46/3 r 44 57 Fernando /0 61 s /0 69 qs 11 /59 x*** 17 /58 o*** /2 9x 05/4 p 45 7 SB31 -HSF -6 /0 41 u /0 47 tu 11 /24 x*** 13 /24 t*** /2 81 x 04/3 t 46 14 SB32 -HSF -3 /0 75 pq /0 84 p /9 16 x** 13 /92 s*** /2 29 xy 2/3 t 47 28 (7112*SB36)*S1 -3 /0 85 np /1 03 l /8 34 x** 12 /13 u*** /2 24 xy 78/2 u 48 69 NE 0911 /0 15 z /0 19 z /8 34 x** 13 /23 t*** /2 09 xy 04/3 t 49 44 SB34 -HSF -5 /0 21 y /0 26 xy /7 81 y** /9 3w** /1 95 y 14/2 u 50 4 SB31 -HSF -1 /0 77 pq /0 89 np /7 42 xy** /8 29 wx** /1 85 y 91/1 v 51 31 (7112*SB36)*S1 -20 /0 47 tu /0 56 st /7 02 xy** /8 19 wx** /1 76 y 87/1 w 52 30 (7112*SB36)*S1 -16 /0 43 u /0 53 t /6 95 y** /9 96 w** /1 74 y 29/2 u 53 64 SB26 /0 59 st /0 69 qs /6 64 y** 10 /75 v*** /1 66 y 46/2 u 54 1 SB27 -HSF -1 3/0 .x /0 35 ux /6 15 y** /7 42 x** /1 54 y 7/1 w 261*(20314*W -1009) - /0 67 qs /0 75 pq /5 89 yz** /8 47 w** /1 47 yz 95/1 l 55 26 F2-S1-11-S1-16 56 6 SB31 -HSF -5 /0 28 xy /0 32 x /5 85 yz** /7 27 x** /1 47 yz 67/1 wx 57 58 Sanetta /0 26 xy /0 33 x /5 84 yz** /8 8w** /1 46 yz 01/2 v 58 9 SB31 -HSF -8 /0 3x /0 36 ux /5 09 yz** /6 69 y** /1 28 yz 54/1 wx 59 38 S1 -89074 /0 31 x /0 34 x /4 99 z* /6 32 y** /1 25 yz 45/1 x 60 45 SB34 -HSF -10 /0 62 s /0 73 q /4 71 z* /7 64 x** /1 18 yz 75/1 w 61 8 SB31 -HSF -7 /0 19 z /0 21 y /4 21 z* /5 59 yz** /1 05 z 28/1 xy 62 20 SB33 -HSF -1 /0 36 ux /0 42 u /3 97 z* /6 11 y** 1z 4/1 x 63 52 SB -1 /0 43 u /0 51 t /3 91 z* /6 28 y** /0 98 z 44/1 x 64 56 Pauletta /0 23 y /0 29 xy /3 78 z* /7 73 x** /0 94 z 77/1 w 65 29 (7112*SB36)*S1 -11 /0 63 s /0 48 tu /3 75 z* /5 32 yz** /0 94 z 95/1 l 66 61 Cactus /0 19 z /0 28 xy /3 74 z* /5 57 yz** /0 94 z 28/1 xy 67 60 Toucan /0 38 ux /0 41 u /3 74 z* /3 56 z* /0 93 z 82/0 y 68 3 SB27 -HSF -10 /0 25 xy /0 29 xy /3 53 ac* /4 27 z* /0 88 d 97/0 y 69 5 SB31 -HSF -2 /0 36 ux /0 73 q /3 19 bc* /4 27 z* /0 8d 98/0 y 70 16 SB32 -HSF -5 /0 16 z /0 2y /2 5c* /3 21 z* /0 63 d 74/0 z + ++ *** ** * . .

. 19/0 Archive ( NE 0911 69) (SB-2)53 of SID 20/0 (SB32-HSF-5)16 . (SB35 )35 . ( SB32-HSF-10 19) 62/2 33 87/ 148 . 28 23/ 123 18/ ( SB35 35) . NE-0910- 50) ( SB27-HSF-2 2) 58/1 60/1 ( HSF-43

www.SID.ir 115 1395 / 2 / 32 /

(SB31-HSF-2) 5 ( HSF-1 ( F-20603 63) ( F-20583 62) 82/0 82/0 56/3 ((7112*SB36)*S1-11 )29 23 15/ 101 03/ 27 22/ 118 67/ 22/1 /5 32 98/0 27/4 97/0 27/4 . 0 74/ 21/3 (SB32-HSF-5)16 4 5.( 5.( 4 ) SB27- 3)

4

47 /41 ** 2743 /91 ** 0/79 ** 1 7/84 ** 25 /67 ** 0/002 ns 4 276 /73 ** 4858 /51 ** 1/04 ** 69 1/89 ** 59 /96 ** 0/004 ns 69 * 0/23 2/93 0/009 276 7/69 6/43 14 /76 CV * * ns

Heterodera schachtii 5 .

1 19 SB32 -HSF -10 43/1 g 29 /19 a 123 a+ 2 35 SB35 48/2 a 27 /78 b 116 /26 b+ 3 62 Palma 20/1 j 26 /68 c 111 /61 c+ 4 63 Gi ada 54/1 f 22 /56 d 94 /44 d+ 5 23 SB35 -HSF -8 89/0 np 19 /23 e 80 /46 e+ 6 39 191 97/0 l 18 /67 e 78 /06 ef+ 7 70 S1 -89134 14/1 k 18 /58 e 77 /78 f+ 8 41 SB28 -HSF -14 0/77 pq 16 /09 f 67 /32 g+ 9 50 NE -0910 -HSF -43 5/1 f 15 /94 f 66 /66 g+ 10 34 SB33 19/1 k 12 /86 g 53 /93 h+ 11 2 Archive SB27 -HSF -2 44/1 of g 12SID/83 g 53 /88 h+ 12 24 261*(20314*W -1009) -F2 -S1 -11 -S1 -3 77/0 pq 11 /78 h 49 /39 I++ 13 67 SB30 66/0 qs /9 48 i 39 /69 j++ 14 55 SB -4 57/0 st /8 86 j 37 /04 k++ 15 47 SB34 -HSF -28 22/1 j /8 63 j 36 /07 k++ 16 42 SB34 -HSF -1 63/0 s /8 60 j 35 /99 k++ 17 43 SB34 -HSF -2 52/0 t /8 38 j 35 /09 k++ 18 13 (7112*SB36)*SB31 56/0 st /7 55 k 31 /57 l++ 19 36 SB32 -HSF -2 87/0 pq /7 52 k 31 /46 l++ 20 33 SB32 94/0 n /7 21 l 30 /18 l++ 21 51 NE -0910 -HSF -46 97/0 l 7/17 m 30 /01 lm++ 22 22 SB35 -HSF -4 82/0 p /6 57 mn 27 /61 n++

www.SID.ir ... 116

23 48 NE -0910 -HSF -21 63/0 s /6 45 mn 27 /05 n++ 24 40 SB28 -HSF -2 43/0 u /6 21 n 25 /98 n++ 25 37 (7112*SB36)*SB32 72/0 q /5 42 o 22 /62 o*** 26 59 Saccara 90/0 n /4 63 p 19 /47 p*** 27 15 SB32 -HSF -4 89/0 np /4 60 p 19 /27 p*** 28 18 SB32 -HSF -9 34/1 h /4 55 q 19 /17 p*** 29 21 SB35 -HSF -1 54/0 t /4 30 q 17 /93 q*** 30 10 SB31 -HSF -9 68/0 qs /4 16 r 17 /42 r*** 31 68 SB34 36/0 ux /4 14 r 17 /41 r*** 32 32 SB31 36/0 ux /4 11 s 17 /19 r*** 33 46 SB34 -HSF -13 35/0 ux /4 06 t 17 /01 s*** 34 12 SB32 -HSF -1 22/0 y /3 87 u 16 /21 st*** 35 17 SB32 -HSF -8 31/0 x /3 56 v 14 /90 t*** 36 57 SB -3 65/0 qs /3 48 v 14 /59 t*** 37 54 SB28 18/0 z /3 41 w 14 /32 tu*** 38 65 SB29 67/0 qs /3 39 14 /25 tu*** 39 27 261*(20314*W -1009) -F2 -S1 -11 -S1 -20 27/0 xy 3/38 w 14 /15 tu*** 40 11 SB31-HSF-10 32/0 x /3 36 w 14 /09 tu*** 41 66 SB29 70/0 q /3 31 w 13 /91 u*** 42 53 SB -2 17/0 z /3 29 w 13 /80 u*** 43 25 261*(20314*W -1009) -F2 -S1 -11 -S1 -11 70/0 q /3 20 w 13 /39 uv*** 44 49 NE -0910 -HSF -38 51/0 t /3 19 x 13 /38 uv*** 45 7 SB31 -HSF -6 44/0 u /2 93 x 12 /24 v*** 46 14 SB32 -HSF -3 79/0 pq /2 74 x 11 /54 v*** 47 69 NE 0911 0/17 jk 2/56 x 10 /79 v*** 48 28 (7112*SB36)*S1 -3 94/0 n /2 51 xy 10 /54 v*** 49 64 NE -0910 -HSF -38 64/0 s /2 06 xy /8 69 w** 50 44 (7112*SB36)*S1 -16 23/0 y /2 05 xy /8 56 w** 51 30 (7112*SB36)*S1 -16 48/0 t /2 01 xy /8 46 w** 52 4 SB31 -HSF -1 0/83 p 1/88 y 7/86 w** 53 31 (7112*SB36)*S1 -20 51/0 t /1 81 y /7 61 w** 54 58 Saccara 30/0 x /1 74 y /7 32 x** 55 26 261*(20314*W -1009) -F2 -S1 -11 -S1 -16 71/0 q /1 71 y /7 18 x** 56 1 SB27 -HSF -1 33/0 x /1 62 y /6 79 x** 57 6 SB31 -HSF -5 30/0 x /1 57 y /6 56 xy** 58 45 SB34 -HSF -10 68/0 qs /1 46 yz /6 17 xy** 59 9 SB31 -HSF -8 33/0 x /1 41 yz /5 87 y** 60 56 Pauletta 27/0 xy /1 36 yz /5 76 y** 61 38 S1 -89074 33/0 x /1 35 yz /5 66 y** 62 52 Archive SB-1 47/0 of tu 21/1 SID z 09/5 yz** 63 20 SB33 -HSF -1 39/0 ux /1 20 z /5 04 yz** 64 8 SB31 -HSF -7 21/0 y /1 17 z /4 90 z* 65 61 Cactus 27/0 xy 1/11 z 4/66 z* 66 29 (7112*SB36)*S1 -11 21/0 y /1 08 z /4 53 z* 67 60 Toucan 68/0 qs 96/0 z 01/4 z* 68 3 SB27 -HSF -10 27/0 xy /0 93 z /3 89 z* 69 5 SB31 -HSF -2 39/0 ux /0 81 z /3 38 z* 70 16 SB32 -HSF -5 18/0 z /0 69 z /2 86 z*

+ ++ *** ** *

www.SID.ir 117 1395 / 2 / 32 /

. ( SB32-HSF-10) 19 123 . (SB32-HSF-5) 16 86/2 . 4( ) 19 19 29 19/ 48/2 ( SB35 35) SB32-HSF-) 16 69/0 ( SB32-HSF-10) . ( 5 NE-0910-HSF- 50) . 3 3 ) 54/1 ( F-20603 63) ( 43 .( .( 5 44/1 ( SB27-HSF-2 2) ( NE 0911 69) ( SB-2 53) . . 17/0 ( SB3 2-HSF-5 16) ( SB-3 54) 18/0 . 5( ) 1.( )

Archive of SID

Heterodera schachtii 1

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w-1010 w-1009 (1997) . (1998) (1995) . . .(Vahedi et al. 2013) . . ( SB32-HSF-5) 16 . . ( SB27-HSF-10 ) ( SB31-HSF-2) 89/3 38/3 86/2 (SB35 )35 NE- 50) 48/2 43 .( 5 ) 54/1 ( 0910-HSF-43 . 32 . . 123 ( SB32-HSF-10 19) . 116 26/ ( SB35 )35 19 ( SB27-HSF-2)2 ( F-20603 )63 (Taleghani et al . Archive B883 of43/1 44/1 SID53/1 ( SB32-HSF-10 ) . 2010) . 123 53 88/ 111 61/ HS1 pro1 (2006) . . .

www.SID.ir 119 1395 / 2 / 32 /

-) . ( 16 (2006) . W-1010 W-1009 ( 16 29 26 ) .( Rahmani et al . 2006 ) . .

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sugar beet cyst nematode in Isfahan province. Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Rasht. 1993; P. 124. Bani-Hashemi M, Mesbah M, and Mahmoudi B. Assessment of sugar beet breeding material resistant to cyst nematode in greenhouse conditions. 16 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress.Iran, Tabriz. 2004 ;P. 165.

Capistrano GGG. A candidate sequence for the nematode resistance gene Hs1-2 in sugar beet (PhD thesis).St Germany,Qld: University of Kiel; 2010. Doney D, and Whitney ED. Screening sugar beet for resistance to Heterodera schachtii Sch. Journal of the

American Society of Sugar Beat Technologist. 1969;15: 546-552. Draycott AP. Sugar Beet. Blackwell Publishing Co Ltd.UK.2006; 514 pp. Fenwick DW. Methods for recovery and counting of Heteoderaschachtii from soil. Journal

ofHelminthology.1940; 18: 155-177. Heijbroek W. Partial Resistance of sugar beet to beet cyst eelworm. Euphytica.1977;26: 257-262. Jafar Pur B, and MahdikhaniArchive Moghadam A. An Introduction toof the SID of plants.Mashhad Ferdowsi University Press.1997; 363 p. Jäger SC. Hybrid Assembly of Whole Genome Shotgun Sequences of Two Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Translocation Lines Carrying the Beet Cyst Nematode Resistance Gene Hs1-2 and Functional Analysis

of Candidate Genes, Doctoral Thesis, Qld:Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel.2013. Kalali GH, and Forivar Mahin H. Some studies on sugar beet nematode ( H. schachtii ) in Khorassan. Entomol. J. Plant Path. 1979; 47: 1-18.

Lewellen RT. Registration of CN12 and CN72 sugerbeet germplasm population with resistance to cyst nematode. Crop Sci.2006; 46:1414-1415.

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Mahmoudi B. Diseases of sugar beet in Iran. First sugar beet crop Conference. 2007;41-49. Mehdikhani Moghadam E, Kheiri A, and Okhovat M. morphological and morphometrical study of three

endoparasitic nematodes of sugar beet in Mashhad region. Iran. J. Plant Path. 1996; 32: 1-8. Mesbah M. Characterization of alien chromosomes in monosomic additions of Beta . Ph.D. Thesis. Wageningen Agricultural University, the Netherlands. 1997;106 pp.

Muller J. Newpathothypes of the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii ). Nematolology. 1998;21(5): 519- 526. Mulvey RH, and Golden MA.An illustrated key to the cyst forming genera and species of in the

westem hemisphere with species morphometrics and distribution. Nematology J. 1983; 15(1) : 1-59. Oostenbrink M. Major characteristics of the relation between nematods and plant.Maded. Landbouwhogesch.Wageningen. 1966; 66:1-46

Parvizi R. Distribution of sugar beet nematode in West Azarbaijan. (Abst.) Ninth Plant Protect. Congr. Of Iran: 1989; P. 175. Parvizi R, Eshtiaghi H, and Kheyri M. Distribution areas of Heterodera schachtii in West Azarbaijan.

AppliedEntomology and Phytopathology. 1993; 60(1&2): 73-79. Qiao F. Jung C. and Defan B.Cloning of a beet cyst nematode resistance gene from the wild beet procumbens. http://www. Plantbreeding.unikiel. de/de/ forschung/ . 2013.

Rahmani N, Mesbah M, and Mahmoudi B. Evaluation of selected genotypes resistance to the beet cyst nematode in greenhouse conditions. 19 th Congress of Crop Sciences, Tehran University Pardis, Aborayhan.2006;p.463.

Rahmani N,Mesbah M,and Norouzi P. Identification of molecular markers linked to sugar beet cyst nematode resistance gene(s). Journal of Sugar Beet. 2013; 28(2): 81-85. SAS Institute. SAS/STAT User’s Guide.Version 9.1.3. Cary: SAS Institute I. 2004.

Sharafeh M, and Teymoori F. Survey on infested areas to sugar beet nematode and other cyst forming nematodes in Fars, Iran. J. Plant Path. 1980; 48: 75-81. Steele AE, Savitsky H. Resistance of trisomic and diploid hybrids of Beta vulgaris and B. procumbens to the sugarbeet nematode,Archive Heterodera schachtii. Jornal of Nematology. of 1981;13:352-257. SID Taleghani D, Sadeghzadeh hemaeti S, and Mesbah M. National strategic document of sugar beet.Improvement Research Institute of sugar beet seed. 2010; 520 pp.

Vahedi S, Soltani J, Mahdi Khani P, and Mahmoudi B. Assessment of resistance to the beet cystnematode populations breeding. Proceedings of the 18 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Iran, Hamedan. 2008;2:

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sugar beet to Heterodera schachtii .Journal of Plant Protection. 2013;35(3)

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Van Geyt JPC, Lange W, Oleo M, and De Bock TSM. Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: Areview. Euphytica.1990; 49:57-76.

Whitney ED, and Duffus JE. Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects.American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota.1986; 76 pp.

Archive of SID

www.SID.ir