ICS 26 Jan 2017 Agrobiodiversity is a vital sub-set of biodiversity

Crop species / varieties Wild harvested Crops Wild Species (CWR) Agrobiodiversity Landraces Livestock and fish species Biocontrol agents for crop/livestock pests Soil organisms in cultivated areas Pollinators Crop Wild Relatives (CWR)

lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Crop wild relatives (CWR) are those taxa related to species (crops) with high socio- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) economic importance

The Western Mediterranean Region is one cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) of the top biodiversity hotspots of Europe

olive (Olea europaea L.)

chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) sugarbeet ( vulgaris L.) D.A. Webb Crop Wild Relatives:

contain great genetic diversity than the crop species have successfully colonized adverse habitats, and they are repositories of beneficial traits lost by the crop species during domestication and breeding can contribute with useful genes: (i) pest and disease resistance (ii) abiotic tolerance (drought and salinity)

CWR are potential gene donors to a crop It is essential to understand the diversity and distribution of the CWR and how closely a taxon is related to a crop for it to be considered a CWR SUGARBEET Study group: Sugarbeet species ( spp. vulgaris )

Sugarbeet is the primary crop in the genus Beta L.

Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris is divided into four cultivar groups: All are derived from the wild form beet garden beet fodder beet sugarbeet

WILD FORM Beta L. - Subfamily Betoidea (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima ) () Subfamily : and distribution

Beta- species from Portugal and Macaronesian Islands. (A–B). Beta vulgaris subsp . maritima (Portugal mainland); (C–D). Patellifolia patellaris (Sagres, Portugal Mainland); (E). P. procumbens (Cabo Verde); (F–G). B. macrocarpa (Tavira, Portugal mainland). How closely a taxon is related to a crop for be considered a CWR?

ROMEIRAS M.M., et al. 2016 . PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152456 First step: getting data from National & European inventories

Collaborative programme among most European countries:

“Em Portugal a informação encontra-se dispersa (...) pelo que se justifica a atribuição de um elevado grau de prioridade à realização do inventário nacional” Getting data from biodiversity databases

° The centres of diversity are geographical areas where the genetic diversity of the crop and wild species is still thought to be concentrated

° Discovering richest regions in terms of CWR, allow us to efficiently plan conservation efforts to target them

° To gain insights into the effectiveness of ex-situ conservation efforts for the priority CWR taxa, data are frequently extracted from GBIF

GBIF is one of the largest and most widely used biodiversity databases, with the objective to ‘make the world’s primary data on biodiversity freely and universally available via the Internet ’ Getting data from biodiversity databases Getting data from biodiversity databases Getting data from biodiversity databases Getting data from other databases

Further information other databases Getting data from biodiversity databases

Patellifolia :

Patellifolia patellaris Patellifolia webbiana Patellifolia procumbens

ROMEIRAS M.M., et al. 2016 . PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152456 Getting data from biodiversity databases

Patellifolia can transmit traits providing resistance to serious diseases of sugarbeets: sugarbeet cyst ( schachtii Schmidt) leaf spot disease ( beticola Sacc.) powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC.) CWR data extracted from GBIF: some examples Muito Obrigada! Maria

[email protected] ICS, 26 Jan 2017