Experiential Learning in Schools and Higher Education.Pdf
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 385 415 RC 020 188 AUTHOR Kraft, Richard J., Ed.; Kielameier, James, Ed. TITLE Experiential Learning in Schools and Higher Education. INSTITUTION Association for Experiential Education, Boulder, CO. REPORT NO ISBN-0-7872-0183-9 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 472p.; For companion volume on the theory of experiential education, see RC 020 223. AVAILABLE FROMKendall/Hunt Publishing Co., 4050 Westmark Drive, Dubuque, IA 52004-1840 ($38.95; $30 to AEE members). PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC19 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Educational Change; *Educational Practices; *Educational Principles; Educational Research; Educational Strategies; Elementary Secondary Education; *Experiential Learning; Higher Education; *Learning Activities; Outdoor Education; Program Descriptions; Program Development; *Relevance (Education); Theory Practice Relationship IDENTIFIERS Service Learning ABSTRACT This anthology is a compilation of 59 articles that includes items previously published in the "Journal of Experiential Education" and presentations given at conventions of the Association for Experiential Education. Based on John Dewey's belief that "all genuine education comes through experience," this book aims to inform edt -ators, administrators, and researchers in schools and institutions of higher education as they seek to put experiential education into practice. Section One covers theoretical assumptions, experiential curriculum design, and the place of experiential education in national school reform efforts. Section Two includes articles on community service and service learning, outdoor and environmental education, internships, apprenticeships, and working in multicultural and cross-cultural settings. Section Three examines applications of experiential education in the classroom, including general educational strategies, history projects, mathematics and science projects, language arts activities, working with special populations, cooperative learning, games, and working with young children. Section Four covers experiential components in college courses, teacher education, research and evaluation methods, and summaries of research and evaluation findings on experiential education. A combined reference list contains over 400 references. Includes author profiles and an index of original publication dates. (SV) ************* ***.::**********.;:*************=***: Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *;:************************************************************** U t. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Once of Educatenai Regressor, and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI fichedocument hes been reproduced as moved Isom the Demon Of OrVin.talton onspinating 0 Minot changes new been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of sew of opmrons stated in th dock.- mem do not nocesaanly represeni ott,c,sI OEM positron or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY f3. aor BEST COPY AVAILABLE too ab TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 111 a AIL -211k 9 VIIIIDsammaggio EXPE ENT LE in Schools and Higher Education Edited by RICHARD J. KRAFT Professor ofEducation University of Colorado, Boulder, COLISA Past Executive Director, AEE JAMES KIELSMEIER President National Youth Leadership Council. St. Paul, N.1NUSA Past President, AEE ASSOCIATION FOR EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION 288.,5 Aurora Atie., #28Boulder,CO80303.2252 303.440-8844 KEND A LL/HUNT PUBLISHING COMPANY 4060 Westmerk Drive Dubuque,lows 32002 Cover photographs courtesy of (clockwise from left): Tracy Silberman, Evelyn McLaughlinThe Montessori School in Lutherville, MD; and Garth LewisEagle Rock School, Estes Park, CO. Copyright ©1995 by the Association for Experiential Education Library of Congress Catalcg Card Number: 94.73335 ISBN 0-7872-0183-9 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored hi a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording, orotherwise, without prior written permission of the copyright owner. Printed in the United States of America 109 876 5 43 2 1 .1 Contents Preface ix A Century of Experiential Learning xi Richard J. Kraft SECTION ONE: THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING I Chapter One: Experiential Educational Theory 3 Growing with the Times: A Challenge for Experiential Education 3 James Kielsmeier What Constitutes Experience? Rethinking Theoretical Assumptions 9 Martha Bell Experiential Education: A Search for Common Roots 17 Greg Druian, Tom Owens, and Sharon Owen Designing Experiential Curricula 26 Jed Williamson The Future of Experiential Education as a Profession 32 Paul Michalec iii Chapter Two: Chapter Four: The National Reports Outdoor and Environmental and Educational Reform: A Education 106 Contemporary and Historical View 40 Tasting the Berries: Deep Ecology School Reform for the Nineties: and Experiential Education 106 Opportunities and Obstacles for Bert Norwood Experiential Educators 40 Wilderness Keeping by Wilderness Joel Westheimer, Joseph Kahne, Educators 112 and Amy Gerstein John C. Miles A Conversation with Theodore Sizer 48 The Failed Curriculum 119 Peggy Walker Stevens James Raffan A Summary of the Educational Earth Education: Learning to Live Reform Reports in the 1980s 55 More Lightly on the Earth 123 Richard J. Kraft Bruce Johnson The Experience of Place: Exploring SECTION TWO: Land as Teacher 128 EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN James Raffan THE COMMUNITY, A People-to-People Environmental ENVIRONMENT, AND Program in Russia: Experiential CROSS-CULTURAL SETTINGS 65 Service Learning in Novgorod, Russia 137 Chapter Three: Harry C. Silcox Service Learning 67 and Shawn Sweeney The Sleeping Giant of School Reform 67 Chapter Five: Joe Nathan and James Internships and Apprenticeships 142 Kielsmeier School-Based Community Service: Internship Education: Past What We Know from Research Achievements/ Future and Theory 73 Challenges 142 Dan Conrad and Diane Hedin Tim Stanton Developing a Service Ethic 85 Overview of the Youth/Adult Anthony Richards Partnership Issue 147 The Social, Psychological, Moral, Kathryn Ramsey Chandross and Cognitive Effects of Service Learning 9-1 Richard J. Kraft iv Chapter Six: The Midwife Teacher: Engaging Cross-Cultural Settings 152 Students in the Experiential Education Process 212 Closed Classrooms, High Mountains, Karen Warren and Strange Lands: An Inquiry Do Your Homework: A Guide for into Culture and Caring 152 Starting an Experiential Richard J. Kraft Program in a School 221 Education for International Competence 163 Peggy Walker Stevens Ward Heneveld Reflections on Reflection 227 How Inclusive Are You? Ten Ways to Bert Norwood Limit or Empower Members of Oppressed Groups 167 Chapter Eight: Mary McClintock Experiencing History 230 Integrating Work and Learning with Multicultural Inner City Youth 171 Experiencing History 2'0 Robert Burkhardt, Jr. Adolph Crew, James Brown, The Power of Stories: Learning from and Joyce Lackie the Lives of Young People 177 Experiencing History 244 Denis Udall Raymond H. Muessig Youth Take the Lead: Cherokee Nation's Approach to Chapter Nine: Leadership 183 Experiencing Mathematics and McClellan Hall and Science 249 James Kielsmeier Eureka! A Yun! Integrating Cross-Cultural Learning with the Mathematics, Cooperative Navajo 193 Learning, and Community Charles Luckmann Service 249 SECTION THREE: Jo Anna Woo Allen EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING Experiential Mathematics 258 IN THE CLASSROOM 199 Roger H. Marty Recycling with an Educational Chapter Seven: Purpose 260 Experiential Learning 201 7'om Gerth and David A. Wilson Experiential Learning: A Teacher's The Gunpowder River P. oject: Perspective 201 Experiential Educi,lion in a Tom Herbert Large Public School System 264 Jo Anna Woo Allen Chapter Ten: Chapter Twelve: Experiencing the Language Arts 271 Experiential Activities 312 Time, Place, and Community: Cooperative Learning Techniques Ingredients for Good Writing 271 in the Classroom 312 Ian Sykes Scott C. Griffith Storytelling Tips for Experiential Using Initiative Games to Assess Educators 277 Group Cooperation 317 Lana S. Leonard Alan Warner Putting Principles into Practice: The Idea Notebook 320 Traveling the Foxfire Trail in Karl Rohnke, Tom Herbert, Graduate School 280 Gruffie Clough, David C. Clifford E. Knapp Mellen, David Bernstein, Greg Interactive Theatre as a Dramatic Timmer, Peggy Walker Stevens, Resource 286 and Dick Prouty Janet Salmons-Rue Give Your Students a Leadc Course oft* 326 Chapter Eleven: Nicholas Beer Special Populations 288 What About the Young Child 330 Rita Yerkes Making No Apologies for Our Differences 288 SECTION FOUR: Jeff Moore HIGHER EDUCATION, Growing Up Blid: Is There Anyone RESEARCH, AND EVALUATION 335 Like Me Who Can Help? 297 Kennan Cole and Chapter Thirteen: Homer Page Experiential Higher Education Families as Partners with Disabled and Teacher Education 337 Youth 304 Christopher Roland, Timothy The Student Teacher Who Wouldn't Dunham, Judith Hoyt, Go Away: Learning from and Mark Havens Failure 337 Gary Knowles and The Impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act on Adventure Virginia B. Hoefler 347 Education Programs 308 English in the Treetops Deb Sugerman Peter G. Beidler Experiential Components in Academic Courses 357 G. Christian Jernstedt vi A College-Level Experiential An Introduction to Research and Learning Career Evaluation in Practice 404 Development Curriculum 372 Richard Flor Michael J. Marshall, Meaningful Methods: