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White Paper on Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology2 Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake White Paper on Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 200 Section General Status of Earthquake Damage 1 1 General Status The Great East Japan Earthquake, with its epicenter off the Sanriku Coast, occurred at 2:46 p.m. on March 11, 2011, recording a magnitude of 9.0. The seismic motion was devastating in a broad area, recording intensity of 7 on the Japanese seismic scale in Kurihara City, and six in various municipalities of Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki and Tochigi Prefectures. Many aftershocks followed, and even earthquakes measure of six or higher magnitudes were recorded 89 times by July, 31. The earthquake caused a tsunami on the Pacific coast and its adjacent areas, and this gigantic tsunami caused significant damage particularly along the Pacific coast in the Tohoku and Kanto regions. It resulted in unprecedented catastrophe, with more than 15,000 deaths and over 4,900 people had been missing (as of July, 31). Regarding the situation of damage relevant to the Education, Culture and Science fields, the number of victims among pupils/students from kindergarten to university amounts to 617 deaths, 111 missing, 231 in- jured, and among school personnel amounts to 28 deaths, 14 missing, and 61 inured of the affected schools as shown in Fig. 1. As of July 29, the number of children under 18 years old whose parents are both dead or miss- ing (including children under 18 years old who had single parent who is dead or missing) is 229, according to a survey by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Regarding property damage, more than 12,000 cases to schools/social education/physical education/cultural facilities in 24 prefectures nationwide were reported as shown in Fig. 2. Among these incidents, 193 schools need rebuilding or major repair due to the high degree of damage among kindergartens, elementary/junior high/high schools, secondary schools and schools for special needs education alone. Further, the disaster resulted in 21 private kindergartens that were fully or partially Columns in the classroom collapsed by the earthquake (Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture) A bus that was lifted onto the roof of the Citizens' Public Hall by the tsunami (Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture) Damage in important preservation districts for groups of traditional buildings (Katori City, Chiba Prefecture) A training aircraft for a specialized training college was swept away and damaged by the tsunami (Iwanuma City, Miyagi Prefecture) 2 Educational Standards and Educational Expenditure in Japan destroyed. In addition, many cultural properties were damaged as well, as shown in Fig. 3. No. 1 Outcome from Disaster Prevention Education in Kamaishi City Execution of tsunami evacuation drill at elementary/junior high joint schools The Disaster Prevention Section and Board of Education of Kamaishi City had carried out the "disaster prevention education project – disaster prevention against a tsunami with a keyword safety for children" since FY 2008 until FY 2009 supported by the MEXT. The project accomplished its goals to developed learning tool, such as a revision of the "Animated Tsunami Hazard Map "to develop and implement the training curriculum targeting for elementary/junior high school teachers and disaster prevention leaders in the community, and to put together the "tsunami disaster prevention education manual." These materials have been actively used at elementary/junior high schools in the city to contribute to building a system which will protect children's lives well beyond FY 2010. Making practical use of the manual, each elementary school and junior high school is aiming to develop the capabilities for people to protect their lives on their own. To do so, they are providing open classes on disaster prevention against tsunamis. Also, tsunami evacuation drills are conducted jointly between elementary schools / junior high schools and children's parents or guardians. In the classes on prevention of tsunami disasters, they produce items such evacuation maps they can take home, and carry out volunteer activities jointly with local voluntary organizations for disaster prevention, which develop a pride and dedication to the community of Kamaishi in the students' mind. Appropriate evacuation activities are leveraged with learning through disaster prevention education when the earthquake occurred, such as the following cases: junior high school students at school guided elementary school students and elder people for prompt evacuation by following exactly what they learned through training of "the helper rather the helped" program; elementary school students at home proactively evacuated when notified of the earthquake, which urged adults to evacuate also; and children evacuated up to the third floor of their building, remembering that it's impossible to stand in fast current even it is only 50 cm deep. Also, junior high school students proactively volunteered in making refugee cards and other items for those living in the shelters. Like these examples show above, the children in Kamaishi City were able to act using their own common sense at the moment the earthquake and tsunami struck, as well as during the days which followed, leveraging what they learned through regular disaster prevention education. Fig. 1 Disaster Victims (as of 7:00 am on July 29, 2011) * Count the number of dead/injured by place (prefecture) at the time of the disaster, missing people are by school location (prefecture) they belong to. * The number in parenthesis indicates the number of school personnel. National school Public school Private school Prefecture Total (number of victims) (number of victims) (number of victims) name Dead Missing Injured Dead Missing Injured Dead Missing Injured Dead Missing Injured 1 81 24 15 18 5 18 100 29 33 Iwate (3) (4) (1) (1) (1) (5) (4) (5) (6) 7 2 329 57 27 95 12 14 431 69 43 Miyagi (17) (6) (11) (3) (2) (7) (20) (8) (18) 1 73 12 6 10 1 11 84 13 17 Fukushima (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (1) (5) 10 10 Ibaraki (2) (2) 16 4 20 Tochigi (4) (1) (5) 10 4 14 Gunma (1) (1) 2 6 2 10 Saitama White Paper on Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 200 National school Public school Private school Prefecture Total (number of victims) (number of victims) (number of victims) name Dead Missing Injured Dead Missing Injured Dead Missing Injured Dead Missing Injured 1 3 4 Chiba (1) (3) (4) 5 2 68 2 73 Tokyo (2) (19) (2) (19) 2 3 5 Kanagawa (1) (1) 2 2 Niigata 9 10 483 93 94 125 18 127 617 111 231 Total (1) (22) (10) (22) (6) (4) (38) (28) (14) (61) 19 670 270 958 Grand Total (1) (54) (48) (103) U 8 10 (1) K 7 2 1 K 74 (3) 7 (2) 3 (3) K 81 (3) 9 (2) 4 (3) CT 1 ES 213 (12) 38 (5) 42 (14) HS 6 3 (1) 6 (2) ES 213 (12) 38 (5) 42 (14) JH 99 (5) 14 32 (5) SE 1 JH 99 (5) 14 32 (5) HS 153 (4) 25 (1) 11 (2) U 38 (1) 5 83 (18) HS 159 (4) 28 (2) 17 (4) 11 SN 10 (1) 3 (1) JC 3 SE 1 prefectures U 1 2 5 PTC 4 (2) 2 (1) 35 (15) SN 10 (1) 3 (1) JC 2 U 47 (1) 7 98 (19) PTC 10 (4) JC 3 2 CT 1 PTC 4 (2) 12 (5) 35 (15) Fig. 2 Property Damage (as of 7:00 am on July 29, 2011) Social education, Research Cultural National school Public school Private school physical education, facilities Prefecture Properties etc. (number of (number of (number of cultural facilities overseen by Total name (number of victims) victims) victims) (number of MEXT (number items) facilities) of facilities) Hokkaido 2 4 3 4 13 Aomori 1 122 18 40 10 191 Iwate 5 424 67 372 68 936 Miyagi 6 805 221 654 88 5 1,779 Akita 2 29 1 24 11 67 Yamagata 5 82 38 11 136 Fukushima 6 751 161 530 62 1,510 Ibaraki 11 1,056 223 521 174 5 1,990 Tochigi 3 448 74 272 79 876 Gunma 3 254 51 125 60 493 Saitama 566 117 190 25 2 900 Chiba 8 766 142 224 38 1 1,179 Tokyo 14 485 250 224 47 6 1,026 Kanagawa 4 465 68 78 12 2 629 Niigata 1 129 12 49 3 194 Yamanashi 2 9 5 2 10 28 Nagano 13 2 9 1 25 Gifu 1 1 Shizuoka 1 75 12 35 3 126 Aichi 1 3 4 Mie 1 1 Kyoto 1 1 Educational Standards and Educational Expenditure in Japan Social education, Research Cultural National school Public school Private school physical education, facilities Prefecture Properties etc. (number of (number of (number of cultural facilities overseen by Total name (number of victims) victims) victims) (number of MEXT (number items) facilities) of facilities) Wakayama 1 1 Kochi 1 1 Total 76 6,484 1,428 3,394 704 21 12,107 U 60 K 358 K 583 SEF 1,784 NT 5 RC 4 ES 3,252 ES 17 CSF 1,315 ICP 156 24 CT 12 JH 1,652 JH 48 CF 278 SHS 6 prefectures HS 835 HS 146 EFG 17 HTS 89 SE 4 SE 3 SSB 5 SN 183 SN 3 SB 17 U 13 U 156 NM 16 JC 4 JC 34 IPB 6 CT 1 SM 438 ITF 3 SM 16 Other 411 Other 166 * This does not match with the total because of duplicate designation Major damage situation: collapsed or half-burnt school buildings and gymnasiums, washed away by tsunami, submergence, flood, land subsidence, level differences and cracks in schoolyard, fallen ceilings/outer walls, glass breakage, etc.
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