Southeast Winter Weeds & Their Control 2018 ATA RoadShows:

Scott Wanzor: Sales Representative : GA,AL,MS [email protected] 404-434-4442 Purpose Of This Presentation:

• Learn to identify some common - and a few not-so- common - winter weeds in dormant warm season turf • Help to understand the identification of certain weeds, especially several “look-alike” weeds, and why this is important • Note some key, easy to identify characteristics of certain winter weeds • Learn why it is important to properly identify weeds prior to trying to control them with and other methods • Better understand the key differences between cool/cold weather weeds and warm weather weeds and why this is important • Understand why certain types of herbicides work better on certain weeds • Have a bit of fun doing it! Calibration

1 gallon of water covers how many square feet? Calibration: Backpack

• Know your water volume per 1,000 ft2 • Always double check rates of pesticide

Correct Example… (Slide 1 of 2 slides…) • Label says to apply 3 oz. 1,000 ft2: - Amount of water you apply per 1,000 ft2 = 2 gallons - 3 gallon backpack sprayer - Will cover 1,500 ft2 (3 gals water divide by 2 gals/1,000 ft2) - Therefore: Mix 4.5 oz. of in this backpack (3 oz./1,000 ft2 x 1,500 ft2 …or… 3 x 1.5) Calibration: Backpack

Incorrect example: (Slide 2 of 2 slides…) • Label calls for 3 oz./1,000 ft2 - 3 gallon backpack sprayer - You mix 3 oz. x 3 gallons of water (3 oz. for each gallon of water) - 9 oz. of herbicide • Correct amount of herbicide is 4.5 oz. per 3 gallons. 9 oz. is double the rate on the label! 1) Excellent weed control! 2) Off label use! 3) Paid twice too much $$$! Annual Blue-Eyed Grass • Sisyrinchium rosulatum • Winter annual • NOT a grass: Iris family – Flowers give it away • Leaves clustered at crown • Grass herbicides ineffective – Use broadleaf herbicide! • Not that difficult to control Annual Blue-Eyed Grass Dichondra

• Dichodra carolinensis • Creeping perennial: Roots nodes • Confused with Dollarweed • Leaf petiole not in center of leaf • Not on many herbicide labels • Repeat apps 3 and 4-way herbicides work well: Dichondra not on many labels. Adding MSM helps. • Use care on St. Aug. and Centipede Lawn Burweed

• sessilis • Winter annual • Fruits with sharp spines • Confused with Piert • Leaves opposite, hairy • Fairly easy to control: 3 and 4- way herbicides, MSM, others Parsley Piert

• Aphenes microcarpa • Winter annual • Confused with Lawn Burweed • Leaves alternate, sparsely hairy, narrow lobes • Fairly easy to control: 3 and 4- way herbicides, MSM, others Lawn Burweed vs. Parsley Piert Catsear Dandelion

• Hypochoeris radicata • Perrenial • Confused with Carolina False Dandelion, Dandelion, Asiatic Hawksbeard • Taproot, milky sap (all above) • Both sides leaf very bristly hairy • Not difficult to control with 3 and 4-way herbicides, 2 apps Catsear Dandelion Carolina Geranium

• Geranium carolinianum • Winter annual or biennial • Leaves and long petioles very hairy, red – purple mixed with green • Distinctive roundish “cut” leaves • Can be tough to control • Katana or repeat apps of 3 or 4- way herbicides. Add MSM helps. Henbit

• Lamium amplexicaule • Winter annual • Confused with Purple Deadnettle • Greenish – purplish square stems • Petioles on lower leaves. No petioles on upper leaves (whorled). Spring red-purple leaf. • Good control with 3-4 way herbicides, Katana, MSM, etc. Purple Deadnettle

• Lamium purpureum • Winter annual • Confused with Henbit • Greenish – purplish square stems • Lower leaves short petioles. Upper leaves longer petioles. • Slightly more difficult to control than Henbit with 3-4 way herbicides, Katana, MSM, etc. Purple Deadnettle vs. Henbit Annual Bluegrass • Poa annua • Winter annual, “bunch” growth • Extremely common, widespread • Large membranous ligule • Distinctive seedhead • Can be extremely difficult to control: Herbicide resistance! • Control: Post: Katana, Monument, Revolver, Kerb, atrazine. Pre: Indaziflam, prodiamine, simazine. Annual Bluegrass Persian Speedwell

• Veronica persica • Winter annual • Very similar to Corn Speedwell • Leaves much larger on Persian Speedwell. • Flowers very similar: Larger on Persian Speedwell • Control: Repeat applications of 3 and 4-way herbicides Corn Speedwell • Veronica arvensis • Winter annual • Very similar to Persian Speedwell • Leaves much smaller on Corn Speedwell. • Flowers very similar: Smaller on Corn Speedwell • Healthy lawn usually chokes it out • Control: Multiple applications of 3 and 4-way herbicides! Difficult! Trampweed

• Facelis retusa • Winter annual • Underside leaves, stems, appear white with soft matted hairs • Top of leaves dull to bright green with tip spoon-shaped with point • Spring flowers form white “fuzz” from dandelion-ish flowers • 3 and 4-way herbicides work well Shiny Cudweed

• Gnaphalium spicatum • Annual or biennial • Often confused with other cudweeds, esp. Purple Cudweed • Top of leaves shiney bright green. Bottom of leaves dense white hair. • Control: Difficult, slow. Leaves die close to crown first, then apex. Several weeks to fully die. Mult. apps 3 and 4-way herbicides, MSM. Purple Cudweed • Gnaphalium purpureum • Annual or biennial • Often confused with other Cudweeds, esp. Shiny Cudweed • Underside of leaves soft, velvet- like white hair. • Upper side of leaves less hairy, dull green. • Control: Difficult, slow. Leaves die close to crown first, then apex. Several weeks to fully die. Mult. apps 3 and 4-way herbicides, MSM. Shiny vs. Purple Cudweed White Clover

• Trifolium repens • Perrenial • Confused with Yellow Woodsorrel • Flower white, pink tinge, round aggregate “round” head • Leaves often with white band partly encircling base each leaflet • Control: 3 and 4-way herbicides work well. Katana. MSM, others. Yellow Woodsorrel & Creeping Woodsorrel

• Oxalis stricta • Oxalis corniculata • Herbaceous perennial • Herbaceous perennial • Confused with White Clover (Burr • Dark green to deep purple leaves Clover, Hop Clovers, Black Medic) • Stolons readily root at nodes • Usually lighter green leaves • Bright yellow 5-petal flower • Bright yellow 5-petal flower • Control: Repeat apps. 3 and 4- • Control: Repeat apps. 3 and 4- way herbicides, Katana, MSM, etc. way herbicides, Katana, MSM, Reportedly more difficult to etc. control than O. stricta. Hairy Bittercress

• Cardamine hirsute • Winter annual • Very common, widespread • Leaves form a tight rosette pattern of deeply lobed leaves. Leaves higher up on stems look very different from basal leaves. • Bunches of small white flowers in spring. Prolific seed producer. • 3 and 4-way herbicides work well: Use prior to flowering to stop seeds. Common Chickweed

• Stellaria media • Winter annual • Forms dense mats of • Smooth leaf surfaces • Prefers at least some shade • Control: Easy to control with most post emergent herbicides Mouse-ear Chickweed • Cerastium vulgatum • Winter annual (Perrenial in mountains) • Freely roots at nodes • Densely hairy leaves and stems • White flower similar to Common Chickweed • Control: Easy to control with most post emergent herbicides • 0.25% v/v surfactant helps control Field Madder

• Sherardia arvensis • Winter annual • Leaves whorled, sparsely hairy • Square stems • Tiny pink or lavender flowers • Control: Repeat apps. 3 and 4- way herbicides Wild Garlic • Allium vineale • Cool season perennial • Often confused with Wild Onion • Wild Garlic has hollow stem. Wild Onion has solid stem. • Produces offset flattened bulblets that are enclosed by brown skin. Each will form a new bulb, . • Control: 3 and 4-way herbicides moderately effective – mult. apps. Katana, Monument, MSM excellent. *Add 0.25% surfactant – waxy leaf Wild Garlic: What’s Going On Underground? Bermudagrass Dormancy Notes: • Bermuda stops growing <60-65o • Begins dormancy process <50o • Bermudagrass has two phases of dormancy: > Phase 1: Grass blades turn tan and die when temperatures drop into the upper 20’s > Phase 2: Stolons begin to die with prolonged colder temps, usually teens or lower Black road surface retains heat

Curb retains heat from sun Blades dead, stolons still alive Not completely dormant Southeast Winter Weeds & Their Control 2018 RoadShows:

Scott Wanzor: Sales Representative : GA,AL,MS [email protected] 404-434-4442