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BANDICOTA INDICA, the BANDICOOT RAT 3.1 The
CHAPTER THREE BANDICOTA INDICA, THE BANDICOOT RAT 3.1 The Living Animal 3.1.1 Zoology Rats and mice (family Muridae) are the most common and well-known rodents, not only of the fi elds, cultivated areas, gardens, and storage places but especially so of the houses. Though there are many genera and species, their general appearance is pretty the same. Rats are on average twice as large as mice (see Chapter 31). The bandicoot is the largest rat on the Indian subcontinent, with a body and head length of 30–40 cm and an equally long tail; this is twice as large as the black rat or common house rat (see section 3.1.2 below). This large size immediately distinguishes the bandicoot from other rats. Bandicoots have a robust form, a rounded head, large rounded or oval ears, and a short, broad muzzle. Their long and naked scaly tail is typical of practically all rats and mice. Bandicoots erect their piles of long hairs and grunt when excited. Bandicoots are found practically on the whole of the subcontinent from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin, including Sri Lanka, but they are not found in the deserts and the semi-arid zones of north-west India. Here, they are replaced by a related species, the short-tailed bandicoot (see section 3.1.2 below). The bandicoot is essentially parasitic on man, living in or about human dwellings. They cause a lot of damage to grounds and fl oorings because of their burrowing habits; they also dig tunnels through bricks and masonry. -
Evolutionary Biology of the Genus Rattus: Profile of an Archetypal Rodent Pest
Bromadiolone resistance does not respond to absence of anticoagulants in experimental populations of Norway rats. Heiberg, A.C.; Leirs, H.; Siegismund, Hans Redlef Published in: <em>Rats, Mice and People: Rodent Biology and Management</em> Publication date: 2003 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Heiberg, A. C., Leirs, H., & Siegismund, H. R. (2003). Bromadiolone resistance does not respond to absence of anticoagulants in experimental populations of Norway rats. In G. R. Singleton, L. A. Hinds, C. J. Krebs, & D. M. Spratt (Eds.), Rats, Mice and People: Rodent Biology and Management (Vol. 96, pp. 461-464). Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 SYMPOSIUM 7: MANAGEMENT—URBAN RODENTS AND RODENTICIDE RESISTANCE This file forms part of ACIAR Monograph 96, Rats, mice and people: rodent biology and management. The other parts of Monograph 96 can be downloaded from <www.aciar.gov.au>. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 2003 Grant R. Singleton, Lyn A. Hinds, Charles J. Krebs and Dave M. Spratt, 2003. Rats, mice and people: rodent biology and management. ACIAR Monograph No. 96, 564p. ISBN 1 86320 357 5 [electronic version] ISSN 1447-090X [electronic version] Technical editing and production by Clarus Design, Canberra 431 Ecological perspectives on the management of commensal rodents David P. Cowan, Roger J. Quy* and Mark S. Lambert Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UNITED KINGDOM *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract. The need to control Norway rats in the United Kingdom has led to heavy reliance on rodenticides, particu- larly because alternative methods do not reduce rat numbers as quickly or as efficiently. -
Checklist of the Mammals of Indonesia
CHECKLIST OF THE MAMMALS OF INDONESIA Scientific, English, Indonesia Name and Distribution Area Table in Indonesia Including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian Category for Conservation i ii CHECKLIST OF THE MAMMALS OF INDONESIA Scientific, English, Indonesia Name and Distribution Area Table in Indonesia Including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian Category for Conservation By Ibnu Maryanto Maharadatunkamsi Anang Setiawan Achmadi Sigit Wiantoro Eko Sulistyadi Masaaki Yoneda Agustinus Suyanto Jito Sugardjito RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI) iii © 2019 RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY, INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI) Cataloging in Publication Data. CHECKLIST OF THE MAMMALS OF INDONESIA: Scientific, English, Indonesia Name and Distribution Area Table in Indonesia Including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian Category for Conservation/ Ibnu Maryanto, Maharadatunkamsi, Anang Setiawan Achmadi, Sigit Wiantoro, Eko Sulistyadi, Masaaki Yoneda, Agustinus Suyanto, & Jito Sugardjito. ix+ 66 pp; 21 x 29,7 cm ISBN: 978-979-579-108-9 1. Checklist of mammals 2. Indonesia Cover Desain : Eko Harsono Photo : I. Maryanto Third Edition : December 2019 Published by: RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY, INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI). Jl Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911 Telp: 021-87907604/87907636; Fax: 021-87907612 Email: [email protected] . iv PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION This book is a third edition of checklist of the Mammals of Indonesia. The new edition provides remarkable information in several ways compare to the first and second editions, the remarks column contain the abbreviation of the specific island distributions, synonym and specific location. Thus, in this edition we are also corrected the distribution of some species including some new additional species in accordance with the discovery of new species in Indonesia. -
Retrotransposons
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 11284–11289, September 1998 Evolution Determining and dating recent rodent speciation events by using L1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons OLIVIER VERNEAU*†,FRANC¸OIS CATZEFLIS‡, AND ANTHONY V. FURANO*§ *Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0830; and ‡Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Case Courrier 064, Universite´Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France Communicated by Herbert Tabor, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, July 24, 1998 (received for review May 22, 1998) ABSTRACT Phylogenies based on the inheritance of This difference stems from the distinct biological properties shared derived characters will be ambiguous when the shared of these elements. L1 elements are prolific, self-replicating characters are not the result of common ancestry. Such mammalian retrotransposons that rapidly generate distinct characters are called homoplasies. Phylogenetic analysis also novel subfamilies consisting mostly of defective (pseudo) can be problematic if the characters have not changed suffi- copies (see legend to Fig. 1). The defective subfamily members ciently, as might be the case for rapid or recent speciations. are retained in the genome and diverge from each other with The latter are of particular interest because evolutionary time at the pseudogene (neutral) rate. The rapid generation of processes may be more accessible the more recent the specia- novel L1 characters keeps pace with speciation, and the tion. The repeated DNA subfamilies generated by the mam- sequence divergence of the various defective subfamily mem- malian L1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon are apparently ho- bers theoretically permits the dating of the speciations (4). -
Quaternary Murid Rodents of Timor Part I: New Material of Coryphomys Buehleri Schaub, 1937, and Description of a Second Species of the Genus
QUATERNARY MURID RODENTS OF TIMOR PART I: NEW MATERIAL OF CORYPHOMYS BUEHLERI SCHAUB, 1937, AND DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS K. P. APLIN Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) K. M. HELGEN Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 341, 80 pp., 21 figures, 4 tables Issued July 21, 2010 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2010 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................... 3 Introduction . ...................................................... 3 The environmental context ........................................... 5 Materialsandmethods.............................................. 7 Systematics....................................................... 11 Coryphomys Schaub, 1937 ........................................... 11 Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 . ................................... 12 Extended description of Coryphomys buehleri............................ 12 Coryphomys musseri, sp.nov.......................................... 25 Description.................................................... 26 Coryphomys, sp.indet.............................................. 34 Discussion . .................................................... -
Morphological Comparison of Ryukyu Mouse Mus Caroli
Zoological Studies 42(2): 258-267 (2003) Morphological Comparison of Ryukyu Mouse Mus caroli (Rodentia: Muridae) Populations from Okinawajima and Taiwan Masaharu Motokawa1,*, Liang-Kong Lin2 and Junko Motokawa3 1The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 2Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Biology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan 407, R.O.C. 3Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (Accepted January 14, 2003) Masaharu Motokawa, Liang-Kong Lin and Junko Motokawa (2003) Morphological comparison of Ryukyu mouse Mus caroli (Rodentia: Muridae) populations from Okinawajima and Taiwan. Zoological Studies 42(2): 258-267. We performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses of 4 external and 17 cranial morphome- tric characters in the Ryukyu mouse, Mus caroli Bonhote, 1902 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae), using 177 specimens collected from Okinawajima in the central Ryukyus and from Taiwan. There were clear morphologi- cal differences between populations from Okinawajima and Taiwan. The univariate and bivariate analyses indi- cated that the Okinawajima population differs from the Taiwan population by a shorter tail, smaller ear and audi- tory bulla, less robust incisors, larger molar row, narrower cranium in the orbital region, and longer postpalatal region. Principal component and canonical discriminant analyses based on cranial variables also suggested morphological divergence between the 2 populations. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/42.2/258.pdf Key words: Mus caroli, M. formosanus, Taxonomy, Morphometric analyses, Allometry. The Ryukyu mouse, Mus caroli, is distrib- ognize it as a valid species (e.g., Lin and Lin uted in the Ryukyu Archipelago (Japan), Taiwan, 1983). Hainan, and southern China to the Malay Another name included in M. -
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and -
Utility of a High-Resolution Mouse Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.29.318071; this version posted September 29, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Mouse single nucleotide polymorphic targets for cross hybridization in rodents 1 2 3 4 Utility of a high-resolution mouse single nucleotide polymorphism microarray assessed for 5 rodent comparative genomics 6 7 8 9 Short title: Mouse single nucleotide polymorphic targets for cross hybridization in rodents 10 11 12 13 Rachel D. Kelly, Maja Milojevic, Freda Qi, Kathleen A. Hill* 14 15 16 17 1Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 18 19 20 * Corresponding author 21 22 Email: [email protected] (KH) 23 24 25 26 27 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.29.318071; this version posted September 29, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Mouse single nucleotide polymorphic targets for cross hybridization in rodents 28 Abstract 29 In the study of genetic diversity in non-model species there is a notable lack of the low-cost, high 30 resolution tools that are readily available for model organisms. Genotyping microarray 31 technology for model organisms is well-developed, affordable, and potentially adaptable for 32 cross-species hybridization. -
Life History Account for Black
California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group BLACK RAT Rattus rattus Family: MURIDAE Order: RODENTIA Class: MAMMALIA M140 Written by: P. Brylski Reviewed by: H. Shellhammer Edited by: R. Duke DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY The black rat was introduced to North America in the 1800's. Its distribution in California is poorly known, but it probably occurs in most urban areas. There are 2 subspecies present in California, R. r. rattus and R. r. alexandrinus. R. r. rattus, commonly called the black rat, lives in seaports and adjacent towns. It is frequently found along streamcourses away from buildings (Ingles 1947). R. r. alexandrinus, more commonly known as the roof rat, lives along the coast, in the interior valleys and in the lower parts of the Sierra Nevada. The distribution of both subspecies in rural areas is patchy. Occurs throughout the Central Valley and west to the San Francisco Bay area, coastal southern California, in Bakersfield (Kern Co.), and in the North Coast area from the vicinity of Eureka to the Oregon border. Confirmed locality information is lacking. Found in buildings, preferring attics, rafters, walls, and enclosed spaces (Godin 1977), and along streamcourses (Ingles 1965). Common in urban habitats. May occur in valley foothill riparian habitat at lower elevations. In northern California, occurs in dense himalayaberry thickets (Dutson 1973). SPECIFIC HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Feeding: Omnivorous, eating fruits, grains, small terrestrial vertebrates, fish, invertebrates, and human garbage. Cover: Prefers buildings and nearby stream courses. Where the black rat occurs with the Norway rat, it usually is forced to occupy the upper parts of buildings (Godin 1977). -
Molecular Phylogenetic Characterization of Common Murine Rodents from Manipur, Northeast India
Genes Genet. Syst. (2015) 90, p. 21–30 Molecular phylogenetic characterization of common murine rodents from Manipur, Northeast India Dhananjoy S. Chingangbam1, Joykumar M. Laishram1 and Hitoshi Suzuki2* 1Plant Breeding and Genetics Department, Central Agricultural University, Iroishemba, Imphal, Manipur 795004, India 2Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan (Received 11 July 2014, accepted 8 February 2015) The Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia are hotspots of murine biodiver- sity, but no species from the Arakan Mountain system that demarcates the border between the two areas has been subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses. We examined the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences in six murine species (the Rattus rattus species complex, R. norvegicus, R. nitidus, Berylmys manipulus, Niviventer sp. and Mus musculus) from Manipur, which is located at the western foot of the mountain range. The sequences of B. manipulus and Niviventer sp. examined here were distinct from available congeneric sequences in the databases, with sequence divergences of 10–15%. Substantial degrees of intrapopulation divergence were detected in R. nitidus and the R. rattus species complex from Manipur, implying ancient habitation of the species in this region, while the recent introduction by modern and prehistoric human activities was suggested for R. norvegicus and M. musculus, respectively. In the nuclear gene Mc1r, also analyzed here, the R. rattus species complex from Manipur was shown to possess allelic sequences related to those from the Indian subcontinent in addition to those from East Asia. These results not only fill gaps in the phylo- genetic knowledge of each taxon examined but also provide valuable insight to bet- ter understand the biogeographic importance of the Arakan Mountain system in generating the species and genetic diversity of murine rodents. -
Rodents Prevention and Control
RODENTS PREVENTION AND CONTROL Santa Cruz County Mosquito & Vector Control 640 Capitola Road • Santa Cruz, CA 95062 (831) 454-2590 www.agdept.com/mvc.html [email protected] Protecting Public Health Since 1994 RODENT SERVICES Residents, property managers, and businesses in Santa Cruz County can request a site visit to assist them with rodent issues to protect public health. Our services include an exterior inspection of your home in which a certified technician looks for rodent entry points and gives advice on preventing rodents from getting into your home. Employees do not bait or trap, but provide guidance and recommendations such as blocking openings and reducing food sources and hiding places. GENERAL INFORMATION Control strategies may vary depending on pest species. ROOF RAT Rattus rattus (also known as black rat, fruit rat or ship rat) Tail Longer than head and body combined Body Slender, belly can be white, light gray, or light tan Ear Large Eye Large Nose Pointed Habits Climb Feces Smaller, pointy ends (actual size) Roof Rat (Rattus rattus)** NORWAY RAT Rattus novegicus (also known as wharf rat,brown rat, sewer rat, common rat) Tail Shorter than head and body combined (If you fold tail back, it cannot reach its head) Body Heavy, thick Ear Small Eye Small Nose Blunt Habits Burrow, can enter through a hole the size of a quarter, likes water Feces Rounder, blunt ends (actual size) Norway Rat (Rattus novegicus)** 2 HOUSE MOUSE Mus musculus Feet Small Head Small Habits Common in homes and buildings, can enter through a hole as small -
Distribution of Native and Non-Native Rats (Rattus Spp.) Along an Elevational Gradient in a Tropical Rainforest of Southern Luzon, Philippines
ECOTROPICA 14: 129–136, 2008 © Society for Tropical Ecology DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE RATS (RATTUS SPP.) ALONG AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST OF SOUTHERN LUZON, PHILIPPINES Cristina C. Salibay & Hazel Anne V. Luyon De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas, Cavite, Philippines Abstract. Rats (Muridae) of the genus Rattus occur in the Philippines, both as native and as invasive species. While the invasive species are well known to use a large range of anthropogenic habitats, little is known about their potential to occur in forest areas. We studied the occurrence and relative abundance of different species of Rattus in forests along elevational gradients on three mountains within the Palay-palay / Mataas na Gulod National Park in Southern Luzon, Philippines. Four Rattus species were collected and their occurrence and relative abundance were found to differ significantly between species and along elevational gradients. Rattus norvegicus (40.3% of captures), R. tanezumi (21.5%), and R. argentiventer (5.6%) are invasive species and R. everetti (32.7%) a native forest-inhabiting species. While the three invasive species were most abundant at low elevations, R. everetti was most abundant at higher elevations. The number of invasive rats has been attributed to their survival and adaptation at lower elevations, where habitat conversion and degradation are most intense, while native species are more common at higher elevations where habitat is relatively un- disturbed. Key words: elevation, forest species, invasive species, Philippines, rainforest, Rattus species. INTRODUCTION and occur at high abundances in local mammal as- semblages (Heaney et al. 1998, Steppan et al. 2003).