The Preservation and Display of Coins in Ancient Greece and Rome
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 B.C. AUGUSTUS 16 Jan 27 BC AUGUSTUS CAESAR Other title: e.g. Filius Augustorum Aureus 7.8g KEY TO METALLIC COMPOSITION Quinarius Aureus GOLD Gold Aureus 25 silver Denarii Gold Quinarius 12.5 silver Denarii SILVER Silver Denarius 16 copper Asses Silver Quinarius 8 copper Asses DE-BASED SILVER from c. 260 Brass Sestertius 4 copper Asses Brass Dupondius 2 copper Asses ORICHALCUM (BRASS) Copper As 4 copper Quadrantes Brass Semis 2 copper Quadrantes COPPER Copper Quadrans Denarius 3.79g 96-98% fine Quinarius Argenteus 1.73g 92% fine Sestertius 25.5g Dupondius 12.5g As 10.5g Semis Quadrans TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE B.C. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A.D.A.D. denominational relationships relationships based on Aureus Aureus 7.8g 1 Quinarius Aureus 3.89g 2 Denarius 3.79g 25 50 Sestertius 25.4g 100 Dupondius 12.4g 200 As 10.5g 400 Semis 4.59g 800 Quadrans 3.61g 1600 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 Aug TIBERIUS TIBERIUS Aureus 7.75g Aureus Quinarius Aureus 3.87g Quinarius Aureus Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine Denarius Sestertius 27g Sestertius Dupondius 14.5g Dupondius As 10.9g As Semis Quadrans 3.61g Quadrans 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 TIBERIUS CALIGULA CLAUDIUS Aureus 7.75g 7.63g Quinarius Aureus 3.87g 3.85g Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine 3.75g 98% fine Sestertius 27g 28.7g -
Agorapicbk-15.Pdf
Excavations of the Athenian Agora Picture Book No. 1s Prepared by Fred S. Kleiner Photographs by Eugene Vanderpool, Jr. Produced by The Meriden Gravure Company, Meriden, Connecticut Cover design: Coins of Gela, L. Farsuleius Mensor, and Probus Title page: Athena on a coin of Roman Athens Greek and Roman Coins in the Athenian Agora AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1975 1. The Agora in the 5th century B.C. HAMMER - PUNCH ~ u= REVERSE DIE FLAN - - OBVERSE - DIE ANVIL - 2. Ancient method of minting coins. Designs were cut into two dies and hammered into a flan to produce a coin. THEATHENIAN AGORA has been more or less continuously inhabited from prehistoric times until the present day. During the American excava- tions over 75,000 coins have been found, dating from the 6th century B.c., when coins were first used in Attica, to the 20th century after Christ. These coins provide a record of the kind of money used in the Athenian market place throughout the ages. Much of this money is Athenian, but the far-flung commercial and political contacts of Athens brought all kinds of foreign currency into the area. Other Greek cities as well as the Romans, Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Turks have left their coins behind for the modern excavators to discover. Most of the coins found in the excavations were lost and never recovered-stamped into the earth floor of the Agora, or dropped in wells, drains, or cisterns. Consequently, almost all the Agora coins are small change bronze or copper pieces. -
The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1
Year 4: The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1 Duration 2 hours. Date: Planned by Katrina Gray for Two Temple Place, 2014 Main teaching Activities - Differentiation Plenary LO: To investigate who the Romans were and why they came Activities: Mixed Ability Groups. AFL: Who were the Romans? to Britain Cross curricular links: Geography, Numeracy, History Activity 1: AFL: Why did the Romans want to come to Britain? CT to introduce the topic of the Romans and elicit children’s prior Sort timeline flashcards into chronological order CT to refer back to the idea that one of the main reasons for knowledge: invasion was connected to wealth and money. Explain that Q Who were the Romans? After completion, discuss the events as a whole class to ensure over the next few lessons we shall be focusing on Roman Q What do you know about them already? that the children understand the vocabulary and events described money / coins. Q Where do they originate from? * Option to use CT to show children a map, children to locate Rome and Britain. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm or RESOURCES Explain that the Romans invaded Britain. http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/romans.html Q What does the word ‘invade’ mean? for further information about the key dates and events involved in Websites: the Roman invasion. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm To understand why they invaded Britain we must examine what http://www.sparklebox.co.uk/topic/past/roman-empire.html was happening in Britain before the invasion. -
PDF Download Roman Imperial Coinage Volume II
ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE VOLUME II, PART 3 : FROM AD 117 TO AD 138 - HADRIAN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Richard Abdy | 608 pages | 13 May 2020 | Spink & Son Ltd | 9781912667185 | English | London, United Kingdom Roman Imperial Coinage Volume II, Part 3 : From AD 117 to AD 138 - Hadrian PDF Book Rahden : Marie Leidorf. From Vespasian to Domitian AD 69— The diameter is 20 mm and is 2. Leicester Archaeology Monographs From: T. Sydenham and C. A bright and clear example with a spectacular portrait. Seller Image. Ancient Coins. Grandson of Germanicus , step-, and adopted son of Claudius. Volume VII. Q in left field , AK in right field. Coinage and money under the Roman Republic: Italy and the Mediterranean economy. Jones , D. Weber , 53 — Lattara Denomination: Denarius. AR Antoninianus mm, 4. Reigned 9 August 16 March Any copyright remains with the original holders. Chameroy , J. In this publication Fleur Kemmers gives an overview of 21st century scholarship on Roman coinage for students and scholars in the fields of ancient history and Roman archaeology. Munich : Beck. Reigned June - August , Governor of Moesia Superior , proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Decius 's death and in opposition to Hostilian ; made his son Volusianus co-emperor in late AD. Interest will be charged to your account from the purchase date if the balance is not paid in full within 6 months. Watch this item. Learn More - opens in a new window or tab Any international postage is paid in part to Pitney Bowes Inc. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. Email to friends Share on Facebook - opens in a new window or tab Share on Twitter - opens in a new window or tab Share on Pinterest - opens in a new window or tab Watch this item. -
The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright. -
Presidential Address 2014 Coin Hoards and Hoarding in Britain
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 2014 COIN HOARDS AND HOARDING IN BRITAIN (3): RADIATE HOARDS ROGER BLAND Introduction IN my first presidential address I gave an overview of hoarding in Britain from the Bronze Age through to recent times,1 while last year I spoke about hoards from the end of Roman Britain.2 This arises from a research project (‘Crisis or continuity? Hoards and hoarding in Iron Age and Roman Britain’) funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council and based at the British Museum and the University of Leicester. The project now includes the whole of the Iron Age and Roman periods from around 120 BC to the early fifth century. For the Iron Age we have relied on de Jersey’s corpus of 340 Iron Age coin hoards and we are grateful to him for giving us access to his data in advance of publica- tion.3 For the Roman period, our starting point has been Anne Robertson’s Inventory of Romano-British Coin Hoards (RBCH),4 which includes details of 2,007 hoards, including dis- coveries made down to about 1990. To that Eleanor Ghey has added new discoveries and also trawled other data sources such as Guest and Wells’s corpus of Roman coin finds from Wales,5 David Shotter’s catalogues of Roman coin finds from the North West,6 Penhallurick’s corpus of Cornish coin finds,7 Historic Environment Records and the National Monuments Record. She has added a further 1,045 Roman hoards, taking the total to 3,052, but this is not the final total. -
Costs of Living in Roman Palestine Iii by Daniel
COSTS OF LIVING IN ROMAN PALESTINE III BY DANIEL SPERBER THIRD CENTURY PRICE-LEVELS Continued *) Glancing back over our price-lists, it will be seen that while I and II cent. prices are relatively simple to analyse and compare with one another, (thanks to the general economic stability of the period), the material for the III and IV cent. presents a considerably different pic- ture. For this was a phase of monetary deterioration and economic flux. Thus, even a dated III cent. price given in denarii is of little use until we determine how much silver was in a denarius of that date. And even then one cannot easily compare the resultant price (now in terms of pure silver) with those of a former century. For the value of the denarius does not seem to have declined in an exact ratio to its diminu- tion in silver content. Rather it would appear, in an attempt to stem its rapid fall in value, silver was somewhat overvalued in relationship to gold; in other words, there appears to have been a shifting silver-gold ratio throughout the period.') Only when all these factors have been taken in account, can one attempt to compare III and IV cent. prices to those of the preceding centuries. Elsewhere 2) I have examined the problems of III and early IV cent. currency developments and metrological terminology in considerable detail. Here I shall do no more than give a brief summary of some of my findings. *) See vol. IX, pp. I82-2II 1) For the problems of gold and silver "standards" during this time, and the con- temporary Rabbinic appreciation of these economic concepts, see my forthcoming article in Numismatic Chronicle 196 8, entitled "Rabbinic attitudes to Roman currency". -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
A Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library CJ 237.H64 A handbook of Greek and Roman coins. 3 1924 021 438 399 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021438399 f^antilioofcs of glrcfjaeologj) anU Antiquities A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS G. F. HILL, M.A. OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COINS AND MEDALS IN' THE bRITISH MUSEUM WITH FIFTEEN COLLOTYPE PLATES Hon&on MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY l8 99 \_All rights reserved'] ©jcforb HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY PREFACE The attempt has often been made to condense into a small volume all that is necessary for a beginner in numismatics or a young collector of coins. But success has been less frequent, because the knowledge of coins is essentially a knowledge of details, and small treatises are apt to be un- readable when they contain too many references to particular coins, and unprofltably vague when such references are avoided. I cannot hope that I have passed safely between these two dangers ; indeed, my desire has been to avoid the second at all risk of encountering the former. At the same time it may be said that this book is not meant for the collector who desires only to identify the coins which he happens to possess, while caring little for the wider problems of history, art, mythology, and religion, to which coins sometimes furnish the only key. -
Coins of Gerizim
Copyright for personal use only of Larry Rynearson 2014 Coins of Gerizim Hadrian (Latin: Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus 24 January, 76 AD – 10 July, 138 AD) was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian Left: 250 ---Hadrian. 117-138. Æ23.5. Laur bust right/Zeus seated left, nude in Tetra-style temple, 101=119/120 [The location to my knowledge of this temple shown here is unidentified, it could possibly be that of Gerizim but most likely minted at a different location] Right: Jewish Medalian Æ medallion; 48 mm; 56.3 gr.; Obv.: Laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Antoninus Pius to r.; Greek legend upwards from bottom left: [ANTω]NINOC CEBAC EYCE AY[TOK KA]I(C)AP Rev.: Mount Gerizim is represented as two mountain peaks, separated by a sloping roadway. A steep, broad stairway leads up between houses to a temple seen in three-quarters perspective. Below is a colonnade with eleven pillars and two arches over the columns. The entrance leads to a square with a horned altar. A path leads to the right from the center of the road to a higher hill with a second horned altar. Greek legend from bottom left upwards: ΦΔ NEACΠOΔEωC CYPIAC ΠAΔAICTINE[C] ET ΠH (“Fl[avia] Neapolis [which is in] Syria-Palestine, year 88 [160 CE]”) 1 See http://www.archaeological-center.com/en/monographs/m21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Antoninus Pius (Latin: Titus Fulvius Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius; born 19 September, 86 AD – died 7 March, 161 AD), also known as Antoninus, was Roman Emperor from 138 to 161. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 01:07:49PM Via Free Access MAPPING the CRISIS of the THIRD CENTURY
EPILOGUE John Nicols - 9789047420903 Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 01:07:49PM via free access MAPPING THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY John Nicols The Greek philosopher and sophist Protagoras would surely not mind this reuse of one of his most famous statements. “Concerning the crisis of the third century, I have no means of knowing whether there was one or not, or of what sort of a crisis it may have been. Many things prevent knowledge including the obscurity of the subject and the brevity of human life.”1 Within these proceedings one nds striking disagreement about whether there was a crisis as the term has been conventionally understood. And, if there was one, when did it begin? Dictionaries de ne our word crisis as: “An unstable condition, as in political, social, or economic affairs, involving an impending abrupt or decisive change”. During the years 235 to 285, the Roman Empire surely did enter a period of instability. The patterns of ‘emperor mak- ing and breaking’ and of barbarian invasion during this period mark in my estimation the characteristics of a major political crisis. Indeed, when one compares the overall stability of the Roman imperial system and government of the mid-second to that of the mid-third century, the differences are readily apparent both in terms of leadership and defense.2 In sum, that there was a ‘crisis’ is a fundamental assumption of this paper; but it is also a demonstrable proposition. I am moreover especially concerned here not only how to understand the nature of the crisis as a complex set of related events, but also how to explain the complexities of the crisis to others, especially to students. -
GREEK and ROMAN COINS GREEK COINS Technique Ancient Greek
GREEK AND ROMAN COINS GREEK COINS Technique Ancient Greek coins were struck from blank pieces of metal first prepared by heating and casting in molds of suitable size. At the same time, the weight was adjusted. Next, the blanks were stamped with devices which had been prepared on the dies. The lower die, for the obverse, was fixed in the anvil; the reverse was attached to a punch. The metal blank, heated to soften it, was placed on the anvil and struck with the punch, thus producing a design on both sides of the blank. Weights and Values The values of Greek coins were strictly related to the weights of the coins, since the coins were struck in intrinsically valuable metals. All Greek coins were issued according to the particular weight system adopted by the issuing city-state. Each system was based on the weight of the principal coin; the weights of all other coins of that system were multiples or sub-divisions of this major denomination. There were a number of weight standards in use in the Greek world, but the basic unit of weight was the drachm (handful) which was divided into six obols (spits). The drachm, however, varied in weight. At Aigina it weighed over six grammes, at Corinth less than three. In the 6th century B.C. many cities used the standard of the island of Aegina. In the 5th century, however, the Attic standard, based on the Athenian tetradrachm of 17 grammes, prevailed in many areas of Greece, and this was the system adopted in the 4th century by Alexander the Great.