University of Southern Denmark Pursuing Ways to Increase Number

University of Southern Denmark Pursuing ways to increase number and production efficiency of glandular trichomes in Artemisia annua by applying physical and chemical stresses Kjær, Anders; Jensen, Martin; Grevsen, Kai; Ivarsen, Elise; Fretté, Xavier; Christensen, Kathrine Bisgaard; Christensen, Lars Porskjær Published in: Book of abstracts of the 28<sup>th</sup> International Horticultural Congress (IHC) Publication date: 2010 Document version: Final published version Citation for pulished version (APA): Kjær, A., Jensen, M., Grevsen, K., Ivarsen, E., Fretté, X., Christensen, K. B., & Christensen, L. P. (2010). Pursuing ways to increase number and production efficiency of glandular trichomes in Artemisia annua by applying physical andth chemical stresses. In L. Rallo, R. De la Rosa, A. Monteiro, & P. B. Oliveira (Eds.), Book of abstracts of the 28 International Horticultural Congress (IHC) (Vol. II, pp. 347). [S07.230] IHC. Go to publication entry in University of Southern Denmark's Research Portal Terms of use This work is brought to you by the University of Southern Denmark. Unless otherwise specified it has been shared according to the terms for self-archiving. If no other license is stated, these terms apply: • You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details and we will investigate your claim. Please direct all enquiries to [email protected] Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 Exploring the biological diversity of fruits and vegetables with high tech biotech- S07 nology could be the basis for improving human health. EMERGING HEALTH ISSUES IN FRUITS S07.003 AND VEGETABLES The Integration of Human Health and Soft Fruit Breeding Stewart, D.; McDougall, G.; Abreu, I. S07.001 Scottish Crop Research Institute, Mylnefield, Invergowrie, Dd25da, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom Optimising the (poly)phenolic composition of The agricultural policies of the developed world have meant that, for these coun- tries at least, food is plentiful but changing eating patterns have seen an increase in crop plants the consumption of ready-made meals and food elevated with respect to sugar and Bovy, A.1,2; Ballester, A.2; de Vos, R.2; Schaart, J.2; Tikunov, fat. The knock-on effect of this is evident in the rapidly increasing level of obesity Y.2; Molthoff, J.2; van Heusden, S.2; Hall, R.1,2 in the western world with 20% of males and 25% of females now classified as obese 1Centre for Biosystems Genomics, P.O. Box 98, 6700PB, Wageningen, Netherlands in the United States. Associated with this and the related dietary shift are increases 2Plant Research International, P.O, Box16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands in the incidence of degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, some cancers etc. Plants and their products are generally known for their high levels of antioxidants, Fundamental, clinical and epidemiological research into the basal causes and conse- which may contribute to the positive effects of dietary plant products for human quences of these diseases has highlighted the gross and specific benefits of including health. Plants produce these compounds to cope with the oxidative stress envi- a significant level of fruit and vegetable within the diet. Polyphenols are ubiquitous ronment they are growing in (e.g. UV-light, air and soil pollution, pathogens) as in plants and, with respect to dietary plant sources, particularly prevalent in many well as for their reproduction (e.g. pollination, pigmentation of flowers and fruits). fruit species and in particular in the common soft fruit such as strawberries, black- Depending on plant species, variety and tissue, high levels of health-protecting currant, raspberries etc. As a result of the putative potent health benefits of these antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, phenolic compounds including phenyl- compounds, crop (including fruit) breeding has undergone a paradigm shift with propanoids and flavonoids, and/or carotenoids such as lycopene can be found. the adoption of global metabolite screening rapidly becoming an integral part of Flavonoids comprise a large and diverse group of polyphenolic plant secondary the process. Evidence will be presented to show that soft fruit extracts and com- metabolites. They are widespread among the plant kingdom and form an integral ponents exhibit beneficial health effects in model and real systems. In additions a part of the human diet. There is increasing evidence that dietary flavonoids are stratagem for integrating these targets into new and ongoing breeding programmes likely candidates for the observed beneficial effects of a diet rich in fruits and veg- will be outlined using a joint molecular genetic and metabolomics approach. etables on the prevention of chronic diseases. We aim to elucidate the regulation of the flavonoid pathway in crop plants and employ different strategies to optimise S07.004 the composition of flavonoids in target crops, such as tomato and strawberry. Us- Metabolic Engineering of Carotenoid ing a metabolomics approach we observed interesting variation in both the levels Biosynthesis in Orange Fruits and composition of flavonoids in germplasm collections of tomato, pepper and strawberry. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed Pons, E.1; Alquézar, B.1; Rodríguez, A.1; Rodrigo, M.2; metabolic variation, we used different approaches to isolate and identify the key Zacarías, L.2; Pena, L.1 genes regulating these pathways. These genes can be turned into markers to assist 1Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias in classical breeding programs, but are also used to optimise the composition of (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Apartado Oficial, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain 2Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (iata-csic), Burjassot, Valencia, Spain health-related compounds through genetic engineering. Several examples of the Carotenoids are an important group of isoprenoid-derived pigments responsible strategies used will be discussed. of the typical coloration of many fruits and vegetables, and then determining their quality and consumer acceptance. Carotenoids have long been recognized S07.002 as essential nutrients for human nutrition and health, providing protective effects Super-Domestication of Fruits and Vegetables against certain cancers and cardiovascular, aging-related and degenerative diseases Lead to Improvement of Human Health due to their potent antioxidant capacity and the pro-vitamin A activity of some of them (mainly b-carotene). Moreover, some of the oxidative cleavage products Balázs, E. of carotenoids, referred to as apocarotenoids (norisoprenoids), could contribute Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Research Institute, H-2462 Martonvásár , Brunszvik u to generation of flavor and aromatic compounds in these plant products. Citrus 2, Brunszvik , Hungary is the most important fruit tree crop in the world and orange fruit is an excellent Vaughan et al (2007) introduced the term super-domestication to refer to the pro- natural dietary source providing health-promoting compounds such as vitamin cesses that lead to a domesticate with dramatically increased yield that could not C, flavonoids and folic acid, in a combination and concentration unique among be selected in natural environments from naturally occurring variation without re- fruits and vegetables, but it has low provitamin A content. Recent advances in the course to new technologies. Super-domesticates can be constructed with knowledge isolation and identification of the genes responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis in led approaches using a wide range of current technologies, including fine resolution citrus fruits combined with the availability of genetic engineering tools have made mapping and gene cloning of domestication-related genes, orthologues of domes- feasible a metabolic engineering approach to improve the content and composi- tication genes and their action, genome evolution, gene and genome duplication tion of certain carotenoids in orange fruits. The goal of this work was to enhance using any kind of new techniques. The array of genome manipulations that have provitamin A (b-carotene) content in orange fruit by blocking the expression of the been developed, mainly from the eighties, enable barriers to gene exchange to be endogenous b-carotene hydroxylase gene (b-CHX), involved in the conversion of overcome and have lead to super-domestication with dramatically improved qual- b-carotene into xanthophylls, using either antisense or RNA interference (RNAi) ity. This high technology which gave a boost for plant breeding manifested in high technology. Transgenic plants were obtained and important changes in carotenoid nutritional value fruit and vegetables. Some of these achievements include the content and composition was observed in both fruit peel and pulp. The increase biofortification of bananas, the efficient selection for healthful nutritional compo- in b-carotene in transgenic fruit was accompanied by a general decrease in the nents, the genomics of fruit and vegetable quality and the production of vitamin accumulation of downstream xanthophylls and also an enhanced production of rich fruits and vegetables to combat nutritional deficiencies. Selection for high flavor-related

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