SABORES E SABERES DO PEQUI - Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess.,(CARYOCARACEAE) - E OS VALORES CULTURAIS DO CERRADO

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SABORES E SABERES DO PEQUI - Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess.,(CARYOCARACEAE) - E OS VALORES CULTURAIS DO CERRADO CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DE ANÁPOLIS - UNIEVANGÉLICA PRO-REITORIA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO, PESQUISA E EXTENSÃO E AÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SOCIEDADE, TECNOLOGIA E MEIO AMBIENTE SABORES E SABERES DO PEQUI - Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.,(CARYOCARACEAE) - E OS VALORES CULTURAIS DO CERRADO Estêvão Luiz Santoro dos Santos ANÁPOLIS – GOIÁS 2015 ESTÊVÃO LUIZ SANTORO DOS SANTOS SABORES E SABERES DO PEQUI - Caryocar brasiliense Cambess., (CARYOCARACEAE) - E OS VALORES CULTURAIS DO CERRADO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação Pesquisa e Extensão e Ação Comunitária da UniEvangélica – Centro Universitário de Anápolis, como requisito para qualificação e exigência para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Sandro Dutra e Silva ANÁPOLIS – GOIÁS 2015 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Dissertação de Mestrado intitulada “SABORES E SABERES DO PEQUI - Caryocar brasiliense Cambess., (CARYOCARACEAE) - E OS VALORES CULTURAIS DO CERRADO”, apresentada ao Centro Universitário de Anápolis – UniEVANGÉLICA, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais. Defendida em: _______________________ BANCA EXAMINADORA: ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sandro Dutra e Silva – UniEVANGÉLICA/UEG (orientador) ___________________________________________ Prof. Drª. Samira Peruchi Moretto – Universidade Estadual de Goiás - UEG (professora convidada) ____________________________________________ Prof. Drª. Josana de Castro Peixoto – UniEVANGÉLICA/UEG (professora convidada) _________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. Maria Gonçalves da Silva Barbalho – UniEVANGÉLICA/UEG (suplente) S237 Santos, Estêvão Luiz Santoro dos. Sabores e saberes do pequi - Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (caryocaraceae) - e os valores culturais do cerrado / Estêvão Luiz Santoro dos Santos – Anápolis: Centro Universitário de Anápolis – UniEvangélica, 2015. 174 p.; il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sandro Dutra e Silva. Dissertação (mestrado) – Programa de pós-graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente – Centro Universitário de Anápolis – UniEvangélica, 2015. 1. Cerrado 2. Pequi (C. brasiliense) 3. Gastronomia 4. História ambiental 5. História da Ciência I. Silva, Sandro Dutra II.Título. CDU 504 Catalogação na Fonte Elaborado por Hellen Lisboa de Souza CRB1/1570 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho ao meu pai, Gerd Paiva dos Santos (in memorian), e a minha mãe, Maria Lúcia Santoro dos Santos e minha mãe índia, Francisca Serrão da Cruz, grandes incentivadores da minha carreira. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, sem o qual nada disto seria possível, que iluminou e protegeu meus caminhos e viagens de ida e volta Brasília - Anápolis. A Ele toda honra, toda glória e todo o louvor. Ao meu professor orientador, Dr. Sandro Dutra e Silva, amigo e parceiro profissional, pessoa de uma simplicidade ímpar. Obrigado pela paciência e compreensão por conduzir-me com estímulo à construção desta pesquisa nessa área tão nova que é a gastronomia. À professora, Drª. Josana de Castro Peixoto, amiga sempre solícita nas horas de minhas dúvidas e preocupações, disposta a contribuir e auxiliar- me com seu alto conhecimento de botânica e biologia, muito obrigado. Às professoras, Drª. Giovana Galvão Tavares e Maria Gonçalves da Silva Barbalho, amigas sempre solícitas e incentivadoras da confecção do meu trabalho, muito obrigado. Ao meu professor e amigo, o jurista Dr. Rildo Mourão Ferreira, amigo e parceiro profissional, grande incentivador da minha pesquisa e projetos jurídicos na área ambiental, muito obrigado. À professora, Drª. Samira Peruchi Moretto, por ter participado da minha banca, pelas orientações preciosas, e por incentivar o desenvolvimento das pesquisas sobre o uso dos frutos do Cerrado na gastronomia, muito obrigado. À Fundação de coordenação de aperfeiçoamento de pessoal de nível superior - CAPES, pelo incentivo financeiro à minha pesquisa e para o fortalecimento do Programa de Pós-Graduação, sem a bolsa não teria concluído essa jornada. RESUMO O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisa realizada no campo das ciências ambientais, acerca dos sabores e saberes do pequi - Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. (CARYOCARACEAE) e os valores culturais do Cerrado. Destinou-se a investigar e documentar os sabores e saberes da gastronomia, culinária do Cerrado goiano, a partir da análise botânica e histórica do pequi, analisando, através do recorte temporal, o descobrimento do pequi, o registro dos viajantes pelo interior do Brasil sobre a flora, além de caracterizar a gastronomia brasileira e as principais receitas identitárias da culinária goiana, principal representante da gastronomia do Cerrado. Realizou-se, através da pesquisa, uma ligação, do passado com o presente, do seu povo, com a comida e tradições de sua terra, por meio das receitas com pequi e sua representatividade para o Cerrado e Goiás. O resultado foi alcançado, à medida que se identificou, por intermédio dos estudos botânicos, agronômicos e históricos dessa espécie, os seus diferentes potenciais econômicos (cosméticos, gastronômicos, medicinais, dentre outras). Além disso, demonstrou-se o reconhecimento e a valorização da cultura brasileira, por intermédio da cultura gastronômica goiana, com o uso do pequi. A abordagem teórica e metodológica utilizada teve como base a análise de documentos, etnografia, mapas e a literatura que discorre sobre o tema. No enfoque do campo da história da ciência, foram citados os diferentes estudos promovidos pela Embrapa (Empresa brasileira de pesquisa agropecuária) Cerrados -DF, assim como os estudos históricos acerca da descoberta do pequi. Palavras-chave: Cerrado, pequi (C. brasiliense), gastronomia, História Ambiental, História da Ciência. ABSTRACT This thises is the result of research conducted in the field of environmental sciences, entitled "Flavours and knowledges pequi - Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. (CARYOCARACEAE) and cultural values of the Cerrado ". This paper looks to investigate and document the flavors and knowledge of food, Cerrado cuisine, from the botanical and historical analysis of pequi, analyzed, through the time frame of the discovery of pequi, the records of travelers through the interior of Brazil on flora, as well as the characterization the Brazilian cuisine and the main identity of cooking recipes in Goiás, chief representative of the Cerrado cuisine. Carried out through research, a link from the past to the present, its people, with the food and traditions of their land, through revenues from pequi and their representativeness for the Cerrado and Goiás. The result was achieved, as identified through botanical, agronomic and historical studies of this species and their different economic potentials (cosmetics, culinary, medicinal, among others). In addition, it was demonstrated the recognition and appreciation of the Brazilian culture, through the cultural food of Goiás, using the pequi. The theoretical and methodological approach was based on the qualitative analysis of documents, ethnography, maps and literature that discusses the topic. A focus on the field of history of science, different studies promoted by Embrapa (Empresa brasileira de pesquisa agropecuária) Cerrado DF, as well as historical studies about pequi discovery. Keywords: Cerrado, pequi (C. brasiliense), gastronomy, Environmental History, history of science. LISTAS DE ILUSTRAÇÕES E MAPAS Figura 01 - Representação de seção transversal mostrando as formações vegetacionais e fisionômicas do Cerrado.....................................................................p.26 Figura 02 - Caryocar brasiliense..............................................................................p.85 Figura 03 – Caryocar brasiliense .................................................. ..........................p.86 Figura 04 – Caryocar nuciferum, Caryocar amygdaliferum, Caryocar glabrum........p.87 Figura 05 - Mapa 1. Locais identificados com a ocorrência de espécies de Caryocar brasiliense no Brasil.................................................................................................p.96 Sumário INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................... 10 CAPÍTULO I – CERRADO: BASE TEÓRICA PARA A DISCUSSÃO SOBRE A AGROECOLOGIA DE PRESERVAÇÃO DOS AGROECOSSISTEMAS E DA AGROBIODIVERSIDADE 1.1 O que é o Cerrado: -Caracterização, delimitação, fitofisionomia..........................19 1.2 A ocupação e a presença da agricultura...............................................................28 1.3 A agroecologia, os agroecossistemas e a agrobiodiversidade do Cerrado...........36 1.3.1 A preservação da agrobiodiversidade, da sociobiodiversidade, do extrativismo e da cultura das populações do Cerrado...........................42 CAPÍTULO II - O PEQUI – (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.), SUA HISTÓRIA AMBIENTAL E SEUS USOS MÚLTIPLOS 2.1 Os principais frutos do Cerrado: ocorrência, história, características e usos.......51 2.2 Os viajantes e a circulação de plantas da América Portuguesa - séculos XVI ao XIX - e o primeiro registro do pequiá ou piquiá – (Caryocar villosum Pers)..................56 2.2.1 Os jardins botânicos e a conservação das plantas americanas....68 2.2.2 A história natural, os viajantes, botânicos, pesquisadores e seus registros da flora brasileira nos séculos XVIII e XIX..............................72 2.3 Descrição histórica e botânica do pequi..............................................................84 2.4 Características botânicas, ocorrência, potencial gastronômico e comércio
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