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The Bulletin The Bulletin January 2016 The Kano Society In This Issue A brief history and appraisal of Kodokan Goshin-jutsu A brief history and appraisal of 講道館護身術 Kodokan Goshin-jutsu by [Kodokan Self-defence] Martin Savage and Llŷr Jones, Martin Savage & Dr Llŷr Jones (editor) editor Richard Bowen collection Introduction dokan Goshin-jutsu-no-kata in the same way as Kime-no-kata was developed in the late we have Nage-no-Kata, Katame-no–Kata, Ju-no- Videos available 19th century to study how to attack Kata and Kime-no–Kata etc. This would imply In this edition: To coincide with and defend. However, with changing that the Kodokan did not initially intend that it theThe Bulletin sixtieth - Editor’s anniversary comment of the lifestyles, it became necessary to de- be a Kata but rather a collection of self-defence establishment of Kodokan Goshin vise a new exercise more suited to techniques grouped together to represent de- -jutsu we present a brief history modern times. Therefore, in 1956, the fences against several kinds of attack which and appraisal of the exercise by Kodokan established Goshin-jutsu to were more contemporary than some in Kime-no kata devotee, Martin Savage. This address this need. Note that the term -kata. It is however now ranked among the article is based on the paper Mar- Go-Shin-Jutsu translates directly as official Kodokan Kata although some tradition- tin produced for the 2010 British “Body Defence Art” or more colloquially alists believe that Jigoro Kano Shihan would not Judo Association Technical Con- as “Self Defence Techniques”. have included it in his system because it gress, and has been re-edited and doesn’t contain any of the higher ideals which expanded for us with some addi- Who created Kodokan Goshin-jutsu? were so important to him and which he incorpo- tional content and helpful photo- The Kodokan committee set up to pro- rated into the other Kata. The influence of graphs. Martin’s article was edit- duce the Goshin-jutsu began work in Tomiki Sensei can be seen in the predomi- ed by Llŷr Jones, who also pro- September 1952 and was led by Na- nance of techniques which we would usually duced this issue. gaoka, Mifune and Samura Sensei and associate with Aikido and since Jigoro Kano included Oda, Kurihara, Nakano, Ara, described Aikido as the “Ideal Budo” we could News: Again we remind you that Ito, Ebii, Kawakami, Kikuchi, Kazuzo, speculate that the Shihan might have been we have quite a collection of video Koyasu, Sawa, Suzuki, Takahashi Kis- quite happy with the inclusion of Goshin-jutsu in material now and would be happy aburo, Takahashi Hamakichi, Naga- his Kodokan Judo syllabus. to arrange showings for clubs. hata, and Otaki Sensei. The influence Remember you can buy copies of Nagaoka Sensei was however indi- through the website. Sets of Bulle- rect, because he died in November of tins may also be purchased on that year, but his earlier contribution to CDs. the development of Kime-no-Kata was important in the establishment of the Regards Diana Birch new exercise. There were at least 25 members on the committee but it var- ied in size over the three years that it took to complete the task. One of the most well known names from that group is Kenji Tomiki Sensei [Figure 1] who along with Otaki Sensei went on to give the first public demonstration of Kodokan Goshin-jutsu at the Budokan Figure 2 – Kodokan Goshin-jutsu contents post- (in 1956) and later (in 1967) estab- er at the 2013 Kodokan Summer Kata Course lished Shodokan Aikido, more com- © Mark Lonsdale 2013 monly known as Tomiki Aikido. Others who were part of the committee and Contents of Kodokan Goshin-jutsu who went on to be household names in Figure 2 shows that Kodokan Goshin-jutsu con- judo were Sumiyuki Kotani and Kazuzo sists of 21 Waza broadly divided into two sec- Kudo Sensei. tions—12 Toshi-no-bu or unarmed attacks and 9 Figure 1 – Kenji Tomiki Buki-no-bu which are attacks with three weap- (1900—1979) The name Kodokan Goshin-jutsu on types. The Toshu-no-bu are further divided Kodokan Goshin-jutsu is not called Ko- into 7 Kumitsu-kareta-bai or attacks when held Page 2 [Figures 3—6] and 5 Hanareta-bai [Figures 9—10], and Kenju-no-bai (pistol) repertoire of possible responses. which are attacks at a distance. The [Figures 11—12]. In Figures 3—12 Martin Buki-no-bu consist of three defences Savage is Tori and Ole Gajosinkas is Uke. each against Tanto-no-bai (knife) [Figures 7—8], Tsue-no-bai (stick) Kodokan Goshin-jutsu extends the stand- ard Judo curriculum by including wrist- locks while excluding neck and leg locks. It includes Aikido Waza such as Ikkyo (similar to Ude Gatame), Kote Hineri and Kote Gaeshi (two wrist techniques), which could be applied effectively after a rela- tively short period of training, unlike most Figure 8 – Disarming Uke from Judo Nagewaza which would take a stu- Naname-tsuki [Slanting stab] dent quite a while to become proficient to be able to use them confidently. Another criticism of Goshin-jutsu is The Reigi or etiquette in Kodokan Goshin- that the gun defences are not very jutsu is less formal that that employed in effective and this is borne out by an the Kata personally established by Kano experiment carried out by the To- Shihan—perhaps reflecting it’s more con- kyo Metropolitan Police with a pel- temporary and utilitarian nature. let gun in which they found that in Figure 7 – Tsukkake [Straight thrust] sequence An appraisal of Kodokan Goshin-jutsu 90% of the cases the defender There are those of course who do not rate would have been shot while trying the techniques in Kodokan Goshin-jutsu to execute the defence. I think that as being useful for self-defence but they anyone who is faced with a gun- are failing to see beyond the demonstra- man determined to shoot them will tion facet of the Kata in a similar way as probably get shot. However I think, those who regard Nage-no-kata and but am not certain, that it was Kyu- Katame-no-kata as being irrelevant to zo Mifune Sensei who said “these competitive Judo. They have probably methods are techniques of the last only seen Kodokan Goshin-jutsu in it’s resort” and as such they should not demonstration form and have never used be viewed as miracle devices cer- it to develop self-defence skills. The first tain to disarm the gunman safely. public demonstration of Goshin-jutsu pre- He is also reported as having said sented it as it was intended, a self- that you should look into the eyes defence system devoid of most of the of your assailant and determine if trappings associated with Kata and as he has the will to shoot. If he has such it was a performance with little aes- and his concentration wavers then thetic value but no one who has seen it you should attack first. can doubt it’s effectiveness. Mental training in the form of Kodokan Goshin-jutsu was meant to sup- Mushin (a mind free from anger, plement and complement the waza in fear and ego and open to every- Kime-no-Kata, Kime Shiki, Ju-no-Kata, thing). It is often translated as no- Figure 3—6 from the top – Kote-hineri Koshiki-no-Kata and Joshi Goshin-ho in- mindedness, and Zanshin (the [wrist twist] from Ryote-dori [Two-hand hold]; Ude-hishigi-te-gatame [Arm crush- creasing the number of techniques avail- mind that maintains awareness in ing hand armlock] from Hidari-eri-dori able to the Judoka to allow him to deal case of further attacks), would [Left lapel hold]; Kicking inside Uke’s with a variety of life-threatening situa- come as the Judoka became more knee from Kataude-dori [Single-hand tions. These defences could be inter- efficient in the execution of the hold; Preparing to throw Uke from Ka- kae-dori [Size and hold from behind] changed as suggested by John Cornish various Waza and began to use [1] and this would further increase the them against random attacks in- Page 3 stead of the attacks coming the pre- judged is the Kodokan DVD series chains, nunchaku, pepper sprays and scribed order in the Kata. Another ex- supplemented by a list of rules Tasers also have to be contended tension could be the use of the defenc- issued by the IJF. As in other with in the 21st century. Judo has a es against random attacks coming in events which are judged in this limit to what it can achieve in terms quick succession from different assail- way, such as gymnastics and ice- of defence against any weapon and ants attacking from different angles. skating, despite the guidelines, while it is possible that an attacker there is always discrepancy be- with any weapon may be subdued if tween the judges and competitors he makes a mistake, the margin for in relation to their interpretation of error is small and damage could still the criteria. This is a fact of life be inflicted even if a direct hit with and although Kata competitors can the weapon is avoided. complain about the lack of con- sistency in the scores, the reality is This is not however a valid reason for that Kata was not devised to be abandoning Goshin-jutsu as a method competitive and the difficulties of self defence. The various defences experienced in judging are in part within this and the other Kata previ- due to this fact.
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