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Kata of Judo Origin, Principle and Application

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“ The Katas are the aesthetic principle of Judo. In Katas is found the spirit of Judo, without which, it is impossible to see the goal ”. Kano Jigoro. Kata is the philosophy of the acquisition and the transmission of > Kano Jigoro, knowledge of Japanese Tradition. Its origin is very ancient. Kata, a the Master founder of Judo (1860-1938) philosophical and pedagogue tool, was chosen by the founder of Judo to insure the transmission of his art. KATA OF JUDO ORIGIN, PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION Ji-Ta-Kyo-Ei Mutual prosperity. Ji : Oneself. Ta : The other. Kyo : Both, All, Mutual. Ei : Prosperity. Master Kondo Mitsuhiro (born 1934), 9th Dan Hanshi of This maxim constitutes – with Judo, 7th Dan Kyoshi of “ Seiryoku-Zen’yo “ : best use Aikido and 6th Dan of of energy – the teaching Karatedo. reference of Master Kano Established professor in Jigoro Founder of Judo Europe from 1957 to Kodokan. 2009. In the Kata this maxim, translates by the will of Uke, to accomplish true attacks so that the technique of Tori can be applied efficiently. So that a technique is successful, it’s real work of collaboration. > Kondo M. > Nage-no-Kata : Kata Guruma The Kata (prearranged form) is : a vector of Japanese culture (conservator of Tradition), a communication tool and reference which weaves an timeless link between generations of those practicing, a means of personal accomplishment. > Dupré P. > Ju-no-Kata : Naname-Uchi PHILOSOPHICAL AND CULTURAL LINK > “ Recitation ” protohistoric of > Master Zen Dogen > Theater Scene No > Tokugawa Ieyasu 12 000 years (1200-1253) (1543-1616) From thought to Origins of Katas thought, in artistic and in Kabuki (the first mention of communication In the learning part of an martial way. the Kabuki theatre coincides All species of animals give art or technique, the Kata Two elements are essential : the year of the founding of out and take in information is an essential element of body and spirit. The Kata the Bakufu of the Tokugawa through their five senses. Japanese culture. is a learning process of in 1603). Already before protohistory, Its origin is very ancient, body (which is primordial) In the domain of martial primitive “ language ” was it is linked to Japanese allowing entrance to certain arts, the need to teach and not only heard but also Buddhism, and more spirituality. The Kata goes transmit techniques out of gestual, tactile and olfactory. precisely to the notion beyond the notion of model, context of war, is at the Body language is probably of “ original waking ” for it must be transcended. origin of the creation of also at the origin of written (Hongaku). Assimilation is done by the Katas. Each school holds expression (pictograms and This element allows us to body but with the spirit. and teaches to a limited writings). establish a link with the In Budo, the importance number of students precious Kata is a form of language, “ Way ” (Do). of the body and the spirit techniques kept in the heart allowing humans to The principle of this waking is often illustrated by the of these schools (Ryu). communicate gestures was based on the following expression “ Shin Gi Tai ” In spite of the development between those transmitting maxim : (spirit, technique, body). of new technologies of and those receiving (called • Form is nothing other than These three elements are information, the Kata remains Tori and Uke in Judo). void (Shiki Soku Zeku) indispensable and must be today an endless source of This form of communication • The void is nothing other mastered to reach a superior reference to Tradition and insures the transmission of than form (Kusoku Ze Shiki) level of competence. the timeless link between human knowledge without • Therefore, the mind has no The expression “ Shin Gi Tai “ generations and those who time and space limits. obstacle (Shinmu Keigei). already exists in the works of practice the art. Since Japanese Middle the No theatre, at the time Ages, the principle of of the Muromachi (1336- original waking has been 1573). impregnated in Japanese It is also a model to follow 2 Development of Judo As for the function and place Kata has in Japanese culture, it’s natural for Kano Jigoro to use Kata in the creation of its teaching in Judo. When he was young, he knew and admired a Jujutsu person who came regularly to his home. The latter showed him a Kata but he refused to teach him Jujutsu. It’s only in 1877, when he was starting university studies in languages at the University of Tokyo, that he began learning Jujutsu of the Tenjinshinyo School. After the death of his teachers he studied the Kito School since 1881. In 1882, Kano created a boarding school to welcome Students (Kano Juku) and he founded his Dojo of Kodokan. In this place he transformed Jujutsu into a new educative practice: Judo. From 1884 and until 1887 Kano perfected the Katas at the base of > Principal Masters of Jujutsu’s schools, gathered around Kano Jigoro, Judo with Nage-no-Kata (then ten movements), the Katame-no- in Dai Nihon Butokukai in 1906 Kata and the Shobu-no-Kata (the future Kime-no-Kata). The others Katas (Ju-no-Kata, Koshiki-no-Kata, etc.) were developed much later, even after the death of Kano (for example the Kodokan Goshinjutsu-no-Kata). The Katame-no-Kata comes from a work is considered as a classic of two Kano students, Nagaoka Hidekazu and Yamashita Yoshitsugu (Yoshiaki), both got their tenth Dan. In 1906, the Katas of Judo Kodokan were fixed in their form at Dai Nihon Butokai (an association of the warlike virtue of Great Japan, founded in 1895, at the heart of which Kano was named negotiator in 1900). > First Kodokan in Eishoji > Mifune Kyuzo (1883-1965) > Nagaoka Hidekazu > Yamashita Yoshitsugu & Kano Jigoro (1860-1938) (1876-1952) (Yoshiaki) (1865-1935) Reasons to study and values. Randori. Katame-no-Kata practice Katas 9. To provide a suitable After World War II, with The Katame-no-Kata is the According Otaki and kind of Judo practice for the development of the Kata of the forms of control. Draeger (cf. Bibliography) all. competition (Shiai), the part It has been elaborated the ten principles objectives 10. To ensure the of Kata in Judoka’s practice, under the direction of Kano, of Kata study and practice preservation of the diminishes greatly, and following Nage-no-Kata are : traditional symbolic often disappear completely. (forms of projection). These 1. To afford a basic values of Judo. The Katas are only studied two Katas make up the training method for Judo. when passing a Dan. This Randori-no-Kata. 2. To develop Evolution of the practice evolution brings about a loss The first series is that body representative basic Judo of Katas of Judo of identity and quality in control (five Osae Waza) techniques. In 1878 Kano began to Judo on a wordly level. The allowing for compensations 3. To ensure harmonious elaborate what was to transformation of Judo (way of the partners actions, technical development become Judo. The Randori of suppleness) into a form of in order to develop ones and wide range of Judo and Kata were not formed Godo (way of hardness) is own actions (and not to techniques. yet. regrettable and a source of immobilise by strength with 4. To ensure harmoniously In 1888, basic Katas problems in health for those opposition). The second developed body. are perfected and clearly practicing the art, also a series is that of strangling 5. To improve mental distinguished from the downfall of the spirit and the (five Shime Waza) and the control. practice of Randori. In order practice of Judo (Ji-Ta-Kyo-Ei). third is that of joint lock (five 6. To display the mechanics to understand the Judo, Those practicing became Kansetsu Waza). and spirit of Judo by the two practices (Kata : fighters who were looking Concerning these three exhibition. “grammar” and Randori for more than domination series, Tori must adapt 7. To promote the “composition” of Judo) they of an opponent, to win by and control Uke’s actions. development of the Judo are inseparable. any means (strength and Constantly, he must have a spirit. Up to Kano’s death (in opposition). dynamic and permanent link 8. To ensure the 1938) the part of Kata will between Uke and Tori. development of self- grow in proportion to the defence principles and part of work consecrated to 3 DIRECTORY OF THE KATAS OF JUDO At the present time, the Kodokan teaches seven forms of codified techniques, called Kata : 1. Randori-no-Kata (codification of free training), divided in : . Nage-no-Kata (forms of projection) . Katame-no-Kata (forms of control) 2. Kime-no-Kata (forms of decision) 3. Kodokan-Goshinjutsu-no-Kata (forms of personal defence of the Kodokan) 4. Ju-no-Kata (forms of suppleness) 5. Itsutsu-no-Kata (the Five forms) 6. Koshiki-no-Kata (ancient forms) > Kanji “ Kata ” 7. Seiryoku-zen’yo-kokumin-taii-no-Kata (Kata based on the principle of maximum Efficiency). But there exists other Katas : Nage-Ura-no-Kata (forms of counter on projections, created by Mifune Kyuzo, co-founder of Kokusai Budoin, International Martial Arts Federation), Nanatsu- no-Kata (form of Seven), Gonosen-no-Kata (forms of counter), Go-no-Kata (forms of hardness), Joshi Judo Goshinho (self defence for ladies), etc. KATAME-NO-KATA Osae-Komi Waza 1. Kuzure Kesa-Gatame TEACHING OF KATAME-NO-KATA : 2. Kata-Gatame 3. Kami-Shio-Gatame APPLICATION OF KUZURE KESA-GATAME 4. Yoko-Shio-Gatame Kuzure Kesa-Gatame takes its name of application by Tori, for control of a long and diagonal 5.
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