UNCLASSIFIEDI/ Page 1 of 12 21662

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UNCLASSIFIEDI/ Page 1 of 12 21662 UNCLASSIFIEDI/ Summary of AdministrativeReview BoardProceedingsfor I N 1021 TheAdministrative Review Boardwas calledto order The DesignatedMilitary Officer ( ) was sworn. The BoardReporter was sworn . The Translator was . TheDetaineeenteredtheproceedings. The Presiding Officer announced the convening authority andpurpose ofthe Administrative Review Boardproceedings. The AdministrativeReviewBoardmembersweresworn. TheAssisting Military Officer (AMO ) was sworn The Presiding asked the Detainee ifhe wishes to make a statement under oath . Muslim offered ). TheDetaineeacceptedtakingtheMuslimoath. Detainee: I will swear I am not againstmycountry. Presiding Officer: He said he would ? OL - 24: Yes. ThePresidingOfficerreadthe hearinginstructionsto theDetaineeandconfirmedthat heunderstood. TheAssistingMilitaryOfficerpresentedtheEnemyCombatantNotificationform , ExhibitEC- A , to theAdministrativeReviewBoard TheAssistingMilitaryOfficerpresentedthe.EnemyCombatantElectionForm , Exhibit EC- B, theAdministrativeReviewBoard. PresidingOfficer: Assisting Military Officer please read your comments from the Enemy CombatantElectionForm . Assisting Military Officer The Detainee's initial ARB interview occurred on 17 October 2005 and lasted for 90 minutes . After a review ofthe ARB's purpose and procedures, the Pashto translated Unclassified Summary of Evidence was read to the Detainee. When asked ifhe would like to attend the ARB , comment on the Unclassified Summary of ISN1021 Enclosure(5) Page 1of 12 21662 UNCLASSIFIEDI Evidence, providea writtenstatement, give an oral statement, or providethe AMO commentsto onhis behalf, the Detainee said he would like forthe AMO to take his answersto the allegationsforbackup inthe event he forgot an answer, however, he will speak openly and respond UnclassifiedSummaryofEvidence after each statementispresented, and he will make an oral statement. The Detainee cooperativeand very politeduring the interview. He electedto keep a copy ofthe translated(Unclassified] SummaryofEvidence for his review . The Designated Officer presentedthe UnclassifiedSunmary of Evidence, ExhibitDMO- 1, theFBIRedactionMemorandum, DMO- 2 andthe Terrorist OrganizationReferenceGuide, , theAdministrativeReviewBoard. The Designated Military Officer stated that a copy ofthese exhibits hadbeen previously distributed to the Assisting Military Officer for presentation to the Detainee The Presiding Officer noted from the Enemy Combatant Election Form that the Detaineewanted to respondto each item of theinformationfrom the Unclassified Summary as was presented. The Designated Officer gave a brief description ofthe contents ofthe Unclassified Summary of Evidence, Exhibit DMO- I the Administrative Review Boardto assist the Detainee with answering the statements. Designated Military Officer ( 3 ) The following primary factors favor continued detention : ( 3.a) Commitment ( 3.a.1) While inthe Badaber Refugee camp the Detainee joined the Islamic religious party of Mulawe Mohammed Nabi. Detainee: Yes sir. DesignatedMilitaryOfficer: ( 3.a.2 The Detaineefoughtas a memberofthe Mulawe MohammedNabipartyallthroughthe Russianoccupation. Forthe first fewyears ofthe fighting, the Detaineewas a simple soldier, but after a few years hebecame a commander ofabout 15 fighters. Detainee: Yes sir. Designated Military Officer: ( 3.a.3 ) The Detainee joined Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin for six months as a commander in mid 1990 when Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin was fighting Ahmmad Shah Massoud and the Northern Alliance . Detainee: Yes. That was twelve years . I was with Gulbuddinfor six months. There was fightingbetweenGulbuddinand Massoudand I left Gulbuddinand joined Ahmmad Shah Massoud BoardMember: Isthatrightafter he leftthe Gulbuddin, hejoinedMassoud? ISN1021 Enclosure( 5) Page2 of12 21663 UNCLASSIFIEDI UNCLASSIFIEDI/ Detainee: Yes sir . DesignatedMilitary Officer: (3.a.4) The Detainee is a HezbiGulbuddin field general. Deta ee : Ifyou guys are Generals because you go to school, how am I a General when I am illiterate ? I am not a General and was not a General. I didn't go to school and I don't understand. InAfghanistan there is a lot of animosity betweenthe families toward each other and they gave me the name “General (nickname ). I am a very small guy and not the guy youall think. Designated Military Officer: ( ) Training: The Detainee traveled with other men to the area ofAfghanistan near the Pakistan border and learned to shoot abolt action five rifle. Detainee: Whenwe wererefugeesthe Talibanwerecrossingthe borderbetween PakistanandAfghanistanandeverybodyknewhowto fire a gum andI didnotgo for training. DesignatedMilitaryOfficer: 3.c. Connections/Associations( 3.c.1) The Detaineewas a personalfriendofHeckmatyrGulbuddinand lastmetwithGulbuddininKabul, AfghanistanwhenGulbuddinwas Afghanistan'svice president. Detainee: Atthat time there were two partiesRabani'sPartyand GulbuddinParty. RabaniandMassoudPartywerethe samepartyandpeoplewere dividedbetween Massoudand WhenI was with Gulbuddinfor six monthsI left and went to Massoud. I was withMassoudfor one monthor two months. Rightafter that I went backto my villageandsawmy housewas destroyedby the Russiansthen started working on fixingthe house. Whenthe Talibanmovementstarted they capturedLogar and then they started comingto Azrah, whichismydistrict. The Talibancollectedten guys bythe name ofChaman'sPeople(Detainee'speople) andkilledandexecutedthem righton the spot. I was there andthey didnot captureme. PresidingOfficer Youmentionedten people [who were they] ? OL - 24 : Tenofhisownpeoplewerekilled. Detainee: Mycousinsandmy day laborers. There is a custom betweenthe Afghans when a persondies they take themto the cemeterybut the Talibanwouldnotallowmeto take the deadbodiesandbury theminthe cemetery. I beggedthe Chiefofthe tribe to ask the TalibanifI could burythem andthey said no. They cameover andput alltenpeople together inthe same grave). After thatI came to fight and after that I went to my houseand I was workinginmy store. Whenthe Talibanwas over thrownbythe United States and the NorthernAlliancetook over KabulI went backto ( ] the dead bodiesand them a proper burial] but the (religiouspeople) told meit was a ISN1021 Enclosure( 5) Page 3 of 12 21664 UNCLASSIFIEDI/ sinto take them and reburythem , just leave them inthe one grave. that I was against the Taliban. I did not fight but I tried my bestto fight them through propaganda. DesignatedMilitaryOfficer: ( 3.c.2) The Detaineeis the assistant of Kashmir who is subordinateonly to GulbuddinHekmatyrin the HIG . Detainee: Kashmir is a very big shot inGulbuddinHekmatyr'sParty and I am illiterate and I am not that bigof a guy to be his Deputy. I am not a big guy and I am not his Deputy and I don't haveany relationship with him . DesignatedMilitaryOfficer: ( 3.c.3) The Detainee, Qalam , andZardadare threeHezbi IslamiGulbuddinmembersthat workedas intelligencecollectorswithdirect communicationwithHekmatyr. Detainee: Ifyou look at the statement ten years ago Zardad, Qalam and I were together for six months in Gulbuddin . Ten years ago when the Taliban took over , Zardad escaped to Pakistan and moved to London. He has lived there ten twelve years. He is there and I don't have any relationship with him . Designated Military Officer: ( 3.c.4 ) The Detainee , Almas, Qalam , and Salangi are all well known associates that are heavily involved in the drug trade and other illegal activities inKabul. A source stated that Commander Almas is responsible for over 1,000 murders as a Hezbi leader Detainee: I never heard Almas name at all and I don't know him . Bashir Salangi, Salangi is his nickname he is theCommanding ChiefofKabul Police Forces. I just know he is the ChiefofPolice in Kabul and I do not have any relationship with . I know him as a commander personally ) Qalam lives in Afghanistan and the United States can catch him . I do not have a relationship with him . Designated Military Officer: ( 3.c.5 ) The Chief of Police inKabul, AF has strong ties with weapons and drug smuggling activities. The Detainee and Qalam are major players in these operations . Detainee: It'snot clear, I know Bashir Salangi who was the Chief of forces in Kabul. I know him as a Police Commander but I don't have any relationship with him . I also know Qalam but I am not involved with him . When I was there (Kabul), Bashir Salangi was the ChiefPolice Officer of Kabul police forces. DesignatedMilitary Officer: Inthe beginningof 1991the Detaineewas accepted into the Alliance and instructedto remaininHezbiIslami Gulbuddinand remain inSurubay inorderto report Hezbi Gulbuddinactivities, movementsand operations. ISN1021 Enclosure(5) Page4 of 12 21665 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIEDI/ Detainee: That's not true. I stayed six months with Gulbuddin but no one ever gave me direction of what to do . DesignatedMilitaryOfficer: (3.c.7) The Detaineewas givenmoney inexchangefor informationonHekmatyr. Detainee: I was withGulbuddinforsix monthstenyears ago andI don'tknowanything aboutthis stuff Designated Military Officer: 3.c.8 The Detainee attended a meeting between members of al Qaida, Taliban and the Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin in Peshawar, Pakistan . Detainee: I was why wouldtheyletmecometo their meeting. I was never attendedthatmeeting. I was againstthe Talibanwhy wouldI be there ? DesignatedMilitaryOfficer: ( 3.c.9) The DetaineevisitedMayorMastGulin Muzaferabad, PKonnumerousoccasions. Detaince WhenKarzaibecamethe PresidentofAfghanistan, hisIntelligenceChief Afireesent hisDeputywithhim as a delegationtoPakistan The fourth guy inthe IntelligenceDepartmentwasthereHajhiShaghawas
Recommended publications
  • Road to Peace in Afghanistan: Its History and Future
    Moderator’s introduction to the workshop Afghanistan and China are close neighbors. Afghanistan is regarded as the heart of Asia and is an important part of the ancient Silk Road, with a very important geostrategic value. The Afghan war has lasted for 40 years, which has made it the home of several transnational terrorist forces. The long-term competition among world powers in Afghanistan has complicated its domestic political and social relations. There was a turning point in 2020. On February 29, 2020, the Taliban and the US reached a peace agreement, and on September 12, the Afghan internal reconciliation process was officially launched. In this context, relevant experts and scholars were invited to participate in this workshop to review the history of political reconciliation in Afghanistan, analyze current major issues, and look forward to the prospects for peace. Regarding the current situation in Afghanistan, the participants believed that the change of American attitude was the key driver of the US-Taliban agreement. The reasons for the change of attitude are as follows: adjustment of national security strategies, exhaustion caused by long-term war, the high cost of troops, and so on. The US adjusting its strategy to Afghanistan is for its own interests, not for peace in Afghanistan. At present, the reconciliation process among Afghans has begun, but the negotiations have not yet officially started, and the negotiation 1 procedures are still being discussed. There are serious differences between the Taliban and the Kabul government. There are two key points of contention. First, the Taliban advocates the establishment of Shariah rule based on the Hanafi school, and the Afghan government objects to this in the name of “inclusive peace.” Second, the Taliban claim that the US-Taliban agreement is the basis for intra-Afghan reconciliation, but the Kabul government does not agree.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Sides and Guiding Policy United States’ and Pakistan’S Wars in Afghanistan
    UNIVERSITY OF FLORDA Choosing Sides and Guiding Policy United States’ and Pakistan’s Wars in Afghanistan Azhar Merchant 4/24/2019 Table of Contents I. Introduction… 2 II. Political Settlement of the Mujahedeen War… 7 III. The Emergence of the Taliban and the Lack of U.S. Policy… 27 IV. The George W. Bush Administration… 50 V. Conclusion… 68 1 I. Introduction Forty years of war in Afghanistan has encouraged the most extensive periods of diplomatic and military cooperation between the United States and Pakistan. The communist overthrow of a relatively peaceful Afghan government and the subsequent Soviet invasion in 1979 prompted the United States and Pakistan to cooperate in funding and training Afghan mujahedeen in their struggle against the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Afghanistan entered a period of civil war throughout the 1990s that nurtured Islamic extremism, foreign intervention, and the rise of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, ultimately culminating in the devastating attacks against Americans on September 11th. Seventeen years later, the United States continues its war in Afghanistan while its relationship with Pakistan has deteriorated to an all-time low. The mutual fear of Soviet expansionism was the unifying cause for Americans and Pakistanis to work together in the 1980s, yet as the wars in Afghanistan evolved, so did the countries’ respective aims and objectives.1 After the Soviets were successfully pushed out of the region by the mujahedeen, the United States felt it no longer had any reason to stay. The initial policy aim of destabilizing the USSR through prolonged covert conflict in Afghanistan was achieved.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Wars Journal Op-Ed to Further Afghan Reconciliation: Fight
    Small Wars Journal Op-Ed www.smallwarsjournal.com To Further Afghan Reconciliation: Fight Harder Joseph J. Collins It’s official. Everyone from the Pentagon to Saudi Arabia thinks that reconciliation between the Taliban and the Karzai government is a good idea and a step toward settling the conflict in Afghanistan. A few deluded analysts even see dealing with the Taliban as the Afghan equivalent of the Sunni Awakening in Iraq. One wonders whether war weariness, success with reconciliation in Iraq, and a lack of familiarity with the Afghan context may not be pushing us toward a tactical error or worse, an endless round of talking with an illegitimate adversary that believes it has the upper hand. Reconciliation in Afghanistan is fraught with complications. For one, there is no Taliban per se. In the south we have Mullah Omar’s “old” Taliban, but in the East, the toughest fighters come from the Haqqani network and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s Hezbi Islami, both of which work closely with Al Qaeda. Complicating the issue even more, there is now a multi-branch Pakistani Taliban, some of whom operate in both countries. Ironically, the Afghan Taliban and its friends seem to be well tolerated by Pakistani authorities who are now in conflict with their own Taliban. Second, the Taliban have never been anyone’s model combatants. They have tried to win hearts and minds through terror tactics and extreme repression. Even today, the Taliban’s support in polls does not approach 20 percent across Afghanistan. When the Taliban ruled, it conducted numerous crimes against humanity for which there has never been an accounting.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Assessment
    AFGHANISTAN COUNTRY REPORT April 2005 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Afghanistan April 2005 CONTENTS 1 Scope Of Document 1.1 - 1.12 2 Geography General 2.1 – 2.2 Languages/Main ethnic groups/Religions 2.3 - 2.5 3.Economy 3.1 - 3.8 4 History Overview to December 2001 4.1 Post Taliban 4.2 – 4.13 January 2004 – December 2004 4.14 – 4.59 January 2005 onwards 4.60 – 4.66 5.State Structures The Constitution 5.1 - 5.8 The Constitutional Loya Jirga 5.9 – 5.13 Citizenship and Nationality 5.14 – 5.16 Political System Overview 5.17 – 5.26 Elections: - General 5.27 – 5.29 - Presidential Election 5.30 – 5.40 - Presidential Election Results 5.41 – 5.42 - Lead up to Parliamentary Elections 5.43 – 5.47 Political Situation in Herat 5.48 – 5.50 Judiciary 5.51 – 5.64 Land Court 5.65 – 5.66 Legal Rights/Detention 5.67 - 5.83 Death Penalty 5.84 - 5.86 Internal Security Developments following 11 September 2001 5.87 - 5.90 Security Sector Reform (SSR) 5.91 - 5.94 General security situation 5.95 – 5.112 Security situation in different regions: - Kabul 5.113 – 5.116 - Central 5.117 - South and Southeast 5.118 - 5.122 - North 5.123 – 5.124 Internal Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Provincial Reconstruction 5.125 – 5.150 Teams (PRTs) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (DDR) 5.151 – 5.166 National Security Directorate (Amniat) 5.167 – 5.170 Army 5.171 – 5.174 Police 5.175 – 5.184 Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.185 - 5.208 Military Service 5.209 - 5.212 Medical Services
    [Show full text]
  • Narcotics Funded Terrorists/Extremist Groups
    A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF NARCOTICS-FUNDED TERRORIST AND OTHER EXTREMIST GROUPS A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the Department of Defense May 2002 Researchers: LaVerle Berry Glenn E. Curtis Rex A. Hudson Nina A. Kollars Project Manager: Rex A. Hudson Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.loc.go v/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Narcotics-Funded Terrorist/Extremist Groups PREFACE This global survey, based entirely on open sources, is intended to provide an assessment of the nexus between selected anti-U.S. terrorist and extremist groups in the world and organized crime, specifically drug trafficking, and how this relationship might be vulnerable to countermeasures. More specifically, the aim is to help develop a causal model for identifying critical nodes in terrorist and other extremist networks that can be exploited by Allied technology, just as counterdrug technology has been used in the war against drug trafficking. To this end, the four analysts involved in this study have examined connections between extremist groups and narcotics trafficking in the following countries, listed by region in order of discussion in the text: Latin America: Triborder Region (Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay), Colombia, and Peru; the Middle East: Lebanon; Southern Europe (Albania and Macedonia); Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; and East Asia: Philippines. These are preliminary, not definitive, surveys. Most of the groups examined in this study have been designated foreign terrorist organizations by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan May 2008
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT AFGHANISTAN 20 MAY 2008 UK Border Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE AFGHANISTAN 20 MAY 2008 Contents Latest News EVENTS IN AFGHANISTAN FROM 1 MAY TO 20 MAY 2008 REPORTS ON AFGHANISTAN PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 1 MAY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY........................................................................................1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.08 2. ECONOMY............................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY.............................................................................................. 3.01 Overview to December 2001........................................................ 3.01 Post-Taliban.................................................................................. 3.02 Presidential election 9 October 2004 and the new Cabinet...... 3.08 Parliamentary and provincial elections 18 September 2005 .... 3.10 Afghanistan Compact 31 January 2006...................................... 3.14 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ..................................................................... 4.01 5. CONSTITUTION..................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM .............................................................................. 6.01 Overview ....................................................................................... 6.01 The Executive Branch.................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transition in Afghanistan: Losing the Forgotten War?
    burke chair in strategy Transition in Afghanistan: Losing the Forgotten War? The Need to Reshape US Strategy in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia By Anthony H. Cordesman January 26, 2015 Request for comments: This report is a draft that will be turned into an electronic book. Comments and suggested changes would be greatly appreciated. Please send any comments to Anthony H. Cordsman, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy, at [email protected]. ANTHONY H. CORDESMAN Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy [email protected] Cordesman: Strategy in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia January 2015 ii On December 29, 2014, the US President and Secretary of Defense announced the formal end to Operation Enduring Freedom, its combat mission in Afghanistan, which had begun in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. They also stated that the US would begin its follow-on mission, Operation Freedom's Sentinel, at the start of 2015. The President and the Secretary of Defense made these announcements with all the usual rhetorical flourishes and statements about success, future commitments, and host government progress of the kind top US officials made at the end of the Vietnam and Iraq conflicts. The President also implied that this Transition had ended America’s longest war, although Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel made it clear that relabeling the mission did not fully end America’s military role: 1 Operation Freedom's Sentinel, the United States will pursue two missions with the support of the Afghan government and the Afghan people. We will work with our allies and partners as part of NATO's Resolute Support Mission to continue training, advising, and assisting Afghan security forces.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 ACLED Methodology and Coding Decisions Around the Conflict In
    ACLED Methodology and Coding Decisions around the Conflict in Afghanistan The current main conflict in Afghanistan began in 2001, following the post-9/11 US-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) invasion and the subsequent overthrow the Taliban government. In 2003, the Taliban announced it had officially regrouped, and a year later announced it had begun an insurgency under Mohammed Omar against both foreign forces and the US-installed Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan, and later the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Taliban’s goal is to regain political power over the country and to push out foreign forces. As of 2018, the conflict between the Taliban and joint domestic and international forces is at a relative stalemate, with all parties controlling a number of districts while many others continue to be contested (Long War Journal, 2018). However, the war is extremely active, with a consistent counter-insurgency campaign across the country. The Taliban’s numbers are often bolstered by fighters coming from countries such as Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, though the majority of them still identify as Pashtun (Foreign Policy, 15 June 2016). The group’s allies include both local and international groups such as Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the Haqqani Network, and Al-Qaeda, in addition to a number of other smaller militant groups. The group allegedly receives financial support from a number of countries, and also heavily relies on profits from the opium trade; airstrikes by both government and international forces often target drug facilities with this in mind. In addition to the ongoing contest with the Taliban, the Islamic State announced the formation of an Afghanistan/South Asia affiliate which refers to itself as Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (ISIL-KP) in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Hezb-E-Islami Gulbuddin
    Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG), also referred to as Hezb-e-Islami or Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan (HIA), is an Afghan militant group, founded and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Since 1979, when Mulavi Younas Khalis made a split with Hekmatyar and established his own group, the remaining part of Hezb-e Islami, still headed by Hekmatyar, was known as 'Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin' or HIG. Ideology: During the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979-89), Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin was well-financed by anti-Soviet forces through the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). In the mid-1990s, the HIG was "sidelined from Afghan politics" by the rise of the Taliban. In the post-2001 war in Afghanistan, HIG "reemerged as an aggressive militant group, claiming responsibility for many bloody attacks against Coalition forces and the administration of President Hamid Karzai". Its fighting strength was "sometimes estimated to number in the thousands". The original Hezb-e-Islami was founded in 1975 by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. In 1979, Mulavi Younas Khalis made a split with Hekmatyar and established his own group, which became known as the Khalis faction, with its power base in Nangarhar. The remaining part of Hezb-e Islami, still headed by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, was since then also known as 'Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin' or HIG. Organization: -Abdullah Mujahid, Haji Hamidullah, Alif Mohammed, Adel Hassan Hamad; "Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin is a faction of the Hezb-e-Islami party, and it was one of the major mudjahedin groups in the war against the Soviets. Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin has long-established ties with Bin Laden.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting Afghanistan's Modern
    REVISITING AFGHANISTAN’S MODERN POLITICAL HISTORY: THE ROLE OF ETHNIC INCLUSION ON REGIME STABILITY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By RAHIMULLAH AKRAMI B.A., Berea College, 2014 2019 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL December 6, 2018 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Rahimullah Akrami ENTITLED Revisiting Afghanistan’s Modern Political History: The Role of Ethnic Inclusion on Regime Stability BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts. ______________________________ Liam D. Anderson, Ph.D. Thesis Director ______________________________ Laura M. Luehrmann, Ph.D. Director, Master of Arts Program in International and Comparative Politics Committee on Final Examination: ___________________________________ Liam D. Anderson, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Pramod Kantha, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Carlos E. Costa, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Barry Milligan, Ph.D. Interim Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Akrami, Rahimullah. M.A. Department of Political Science, Wright State University, 2019. Revisiting Afghanistan’s Modern Political History: The Role of Ethnic Inclusion on Regime Stability This study examines the role of ethnic inclusion as a factor of regime stability in Afghanistan through an historical case analysis from 1880 until 2009. By utilizing case study research methods, the goal of the study is to examine all the past regimes in order to show whether there is a relationship between the dependent variable regime stability and the independent variable ethnic inclusion. The study assumes the hypothesis that an ethnically inclusive regime will be stable while an ethnically exclusive regime will be unstable.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. a Source Stated the Detainee Was Responsible for Members of the Hezb - E - Islami Gulbuddin Having Access to a Cache Oflight and Heavy Weapons in Afghanistan
    UNCLASSIFIED Department of Defense Office for the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy Combatants at U.S. Naval Base Guantanamo Bay, Cuba 27 September 2006 TO: ROHULLAH, MULLANHAJI SUBJECT: UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEWBOARD IN THE CASE OF ROHULLAH, MULLANHAJI 1. An Administrative Review Board will be convened to review your case to determine ifyour continued detention is necessary . 2. The Administrative Review Board will conduct a comprehensive review of all reasonably available and relevant information regarding your case. At the conclusion of this review the Board will make a recommendation to : ( 1) release you to your home state; ( 2) transfer you to your home state, with conditions agreed upon by the United States and your home state; or (3 ) continue your detention under United States control. 3. The followingprimaryfactors favor continueddetention: a. Commitment 1. A source stated the detainee was responsible for members of the Hezb - e - Islami Gulbuddin having access to a cache oflight and heavy weapons in Afghanistan. The Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin members were planning to attach time-detonated magnetic mines to vehicles of local government officials, UnitedNations officials and United States coalition forces. 2. The detainee stated he is a member of the Jamiat al-Dawa al Quran. 3. The detainee stated he knew and traveled with the leader of Jamiat Ul- Dawa who openly supported Muslims in the internationaljihad against non -believers, such as Americans. The detainee stated the Sheik believedinpromoting Islamic values worldwide through armed struggle. The detainee stated the Sheik worked with leaders includingthe Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin. The detainee stated he would meet with the Sheik on a weekly basis to activities within the Jamiat Ul- Dawa.
    [Show full text]
  • Sponsored to Kill: Mercenaries and Terrorist Networks in Azerbaijan
    UDC 32.019.5 BBC 66.5(0) Published: "MIA" PUBLISHERS ISBN 978-5-9986-011 5-6 ISBN 978-5-9986-0115-6 © loannis Charalampidis, 2013 loannis Charalampidis is Cypriot journalist and adviser in the European Parliament All rights reserved. SPONSORED TO KILL MERCENARIES AND TERRORIST NETWORKS IN AZERBAIJAN “MIA” Publishers Moscow 2013 This research is based on original testimonies, articles of reliable journals and newspapers and research of authoritative experts in the fi eld. I would like to extend my gratitude to the Government of the Republic of Nagorno- Karabakh for providing copies of previously classifi ed documents seized from the battlefi eld, which are published for the fi rst time here. Ioannis Charalampidis Brussels, December 2012 SPONSORED TO KILL: MERCENARIES AND TERRORIST NETWORKS IN AZERBAIJAN 2 INTRODUCTION n 1988-1994 Azerbaijan responded to the legitimate assertion of Nagorno-Karabakh’s right to self-determination by Iperpetrating mass violence against its own citizens. First, in the cities of Sumgait, Baku, Kirovabad and elsewhere, Azerbaijan carried out pogroms against and deportation of Armenians; then, the country launched a full-scale war against the Nagorno- Karabakh Republic, resulting in the loss of 30,000 lives. In this war waged against Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan seriously violated the international norms of human rights time and again, including the use of mercenaries and terrorists in its armed forces, – a practice outlawed by international conventions. In 1992-1994 thousands of Chechen and Afghan mercenaries and terrorists took part in military actions launched by the Azerbaijani army against Nagorno-Karabakh. The Azerbaijani state policy of employing terrorists in the aggression unleashed against Nagorno-Karabakh created a seedbed for terrorist networks in Azerbaijan after the war, allowing them to take root and benefi t from offi cial Baku’s desire for mutual support.
    [Show full text]