MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Internetové Stránky Základní Školy

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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Internetové Stránky Základní Školy MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra technické a informační výchovy Internetové stránky základní školy Bakalářská práce Brno 2010 Vedoucí práce: Ing. Martin Dosedla Autor práce: Petr Symerský Bibliografický záznam SYMERSKÝ, Petr. Internetové stránky základní školy. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra technické a informační výchovy, 2010. Vedoucí diplomové práce Ing. Martin Dosedla. Anotace Bakalářská práce „Internetové stránky základní školy“ pojednává o moţnostech, jakým způsobem můţe škola získat internetové stránky, případně jaké metody můţe pedagog pro tvorbu stránek pouţít, pokud se rozhodne pro tvorbu vlastních stránek. V práci také srovnávám programy, které mohou usnadnit tvorbu internetových stránek. Annotation B. A. Thesis „Web sites of primary school“ deals with .the possibilities how the school can gain the internet web site or what methods of work the teacher can use for creating these web sites, if he decides for creating his own sites. I compare some computer programmes in my work, which can make easier creating internet web sites. Klíčová slova Informační technologie, internetové stránky, základní škola, HTML, PHP, CSS. Keywords Information technology, web sites, grammar school, HTML, PHP, CSS. 2 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně, dle pokynů vedoucího bakalářské práce. Podklady, ze kterých jsem čerpal, jsou řádně uvedeny na konci práce v seznamu použité literatury. V Bystřici pod Hostýnem dne 9. prosince 2009 Petr Symerský 3 Poděkování Rád bych poděkoval vedoucímu své bakalářské práce Ing. Martinu Dosedlovi za odborné vedení, cenné rady a poznámky, které mi poskytl při jejím zpracování. Také děkuji své rodině, přátelům a kolegům za podporu a trpělivost při tvorbě mé práce, kterou se mnou po celou dobu měli. 4 Obsah Úvod ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Tvorba nových webových stránek ...................................................................................... 7 1.1. Stránky „na klíč“ ........................................................................................................ 7 1.2. Redakční nebo publikační systém .............................................................................. 7 1.2.1. Staţení zdrojového kódu .................................................................................... 8 1.2.2. Tvorba pomocí webové aplikace ........................................................................ 8 1.3. Tvorba vlastních stránek ............................................................................................ 9 1.3.1. Webhosting ......................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Registrace domény ........................................................................................... 10 1.3.3. NIC ................................................................................................................... 10 2. Jak napsat zdrojový kód. .................................................................................................. 11 2.1. HTML kód ................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.1. Historie HTML ................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2. Zdrojový text HTML ........................................................................................ 12 2.1.3. XHTML ............................................................................................................ 13 2.2. CSS ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.3. PHP ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.4. ASP ........................................................................................................................... 16 2.5. MySQL ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.6. JavaScript ................................................................................................................. 16 2.7. Adobe Flash .............................................................................................................. 17 3. Programy pro tvorbu internetových stránek ..................................................................... 18 3.1. Strukturní editory ..................................................................................................... 18 3.1.1. Macromedia Homesite ..................................................................................... 18 3.1.2. PSPad ............................................................................................................... 19 3.1.3. HTML-Kit ........................................................................................................ 20 3.1.4. HTMLPad ......................................................................................................... 21 3.2. Wysiwyg editory ...................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1. Microsoft FrontPage ......................................................................................... 22 3.2.2. Adobe Dreamweaver ........................................................................................ 22 3.3. Porovnání jednotlivých editorů ................................................................................ 24 4. Školní web ........................................................................................................................ 25 4.1. Obecná pravidla pro tvorbu školního webu ............................................................. 26 5. Návrh konkrétního webu .................................................................................................. 29 6. Anketa úspěchu nového webu .......................................................................................... 31 7. Závěr ................................................................................................................................. 35 8. Seznam pouţité literatury ................................................................................................. 36 Seznam příloh ........................................................................................................................... 37 Přílohy ...................................................................................................................................... 38 5 Úvod Počítače, internet a informační technologie jsou dnes nedílnou součástí běţného ţivota. Téměř kaţdý člověk se s nimi denně potkává. Informační technologie nyní zasahují do většiny odvětví lidské činnosti. Mnoho firem a institucí, ale i obyčejných lidí, by si dnešní svět bez jejich přítomnosti nedokázalo představit. S počítačem se setkáváme denně, například při převodech peněz pomocí internetového bankovnictví nebo v obchodech, kde jsou pokladny napojeny na centrální síť prodejny, dále většina komunikace, objednávky firem a podobné věci probíhají pomocí internetu a e-mailů. S rozvojem internetu a jeho snadné dostupnosti se většina firem a institucí začala orientovat na prezentace své práce pomocí webových stránek na internetu. Pro jejich zákazníky, partnery, ale i obyčejného zvědavého člověka je to dobrý způsob jak představit svou firmu nebo instituci. Lidé si mohou z pohodlí domova a nikým nerušeni prohlíţet jednotlivé webové stránky a sami si mohou vybrat, co potřebují vědět a co je zajímá. Škola, jako vzdělávací instituce, má určitě také pomocí internetu co nabídnout svým zaměstnancům, ţákům a jejich rodičům. Pro rodiče je velice výhodné, pokud si mohou o škole, kam jejich dítě chodí, zjistit důleţité informace přes internet. Proto si myslím, ţe by kaţdá škola měla mít své kvalitní webové stránky, na nichţ bude nabízet aktuální informace o dění na škole. Tyto stránky by měly slouţit i jako pomocník ţáka při studiu. 6 1. Tvorba nových webových stránek Škola má několik moţností jak získat nové webové stránky. Můţe si nechat vyrobit stránky takzvaně „na klíč“, další moţností je tvorba stránek pomocí nějakého zavedeného redakčního nebo publikačního systému a poslední volbou je kompletní tvorba vlastních stránek. Záleţí na tom, kolik financí je škola ochotna do stránek investovat, na informatické zručnosti pedagogů nebo na znalostech a ochotě učitele informatiky. Dále je důleţité si uvědomit, jak velkou část pedagogického sboru chce škola do provozování projektu zapojit. 1.1. Stránky „na klíč“ Nejjednodušší způsob jak získat nové webové stránky je nechat si je kompletně vytvořit nějakou firmou, která se zabývá tvorbou stránek. Na internetu existuje obrovské mnoţství firem, které dokáţí vytvořit stránky na zakázku. Stačí si jen vybrat podle referencí dané firmy (zjistíme jaké stránky jiţ firma vytvořila a zda se nám jejich styl práce líbí), dále si vybereme technologii, jakou jsou stránky vytvořeny a v neposlední řadě podle ceny, která se můţe dost lišit. Tato moţnost je elegantní a pohodlná, výsledkem jsou profesionální stránky přímo šité na míru. Nevýhodou této moţnosti je poměrně velká cena za tvorbu stránek. Propracované stránky, které jsou dynamické, dokáţí s uţivatelem komunikovat a obsahují vetší databázový systém, se mohou cenově vyšplhat do
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