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Interneta Pamati IZGLĪTĪBAS UN ZINĀTNES MINISTRIJAS RĒZEKNES PROFESIONĀLĀ VIDUSSKOLA INTERNETA PAMATI Skolotājs: Sergejs Kakaulins Rēzekne 2007 1 Mācību materiāli izstrādāti Rēzeknes Profesionālajā vidusskolā, īstenojot ESF projektu „Profesionālās vidējās izglītības programmu „Viesnīcu serviss” un „Datorsistēmas” uzlabošana”, projekta identifikācijas Nr. VPD1/ESF/PIAA/04/APK/3.2.1./0028/0145, laikā no 07.11.2005. līdz 06.12.2007. Projektu administrēja valsts aģentūra „Profesionālās izglītības attīstības aģentūra” (līgums Nr. 2005/0266/VPD1/ESF/PIAA/04/APK/3.2.1./0028/0145). 2 Saturs Ievads .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Interneta attīstības vēsture .................................................................................................. 6 1.1. Tīkla rašanās aukstā kara apstākļos ............................................................................. 6 1.2. ARPAnet - interneta priekštecis .................................................................................. 7 1.3. TCP/IP protokola ieviešana ......................................................................................... 8 1.4. Internets - tīklu tīkls ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5. Domēna vārdi ............................................................................................................. 10 1.6. WWW (world-wide-web) .......................................................................................... 12 2. Pieslēgums internetam, tā veidi ........................................................................................ 13 2.1. Īslaicīgie pieslēguma veidi ......................................................................................... 14 2.2. Pastāvīgie pieslēgumi ................................................................................................ 16 2.3. Internets caur satelītu ................................................................................................. 18 3. Interneta servisi, programmnodrošinājums ...................................................................... 20 4. Informācijas meklēšana internetā ..................................................................................... 22 4.1. Meklēšana bez nosacījumiem. ................................................................................... 24 4.2. Informācijas meklēšana ar nosacījumiem .................................................................. 25 5. Drošība internetā............................................................................................................... 29 5.1. Virusi ......................................................................................................................... 29 5.2. Datorvīrusu veidi ....................................................................................................... 31 5.3. Antivīrusu programmas ............................................................................................. 33 6. Interneta mājas lapas izveide ............................................................................................ 36 6.1. Interneta mājas lapas izveides posmi ......................................................................... 38 6.2. Interneta mājas lapu iedalījums ................................................................................. 40 6.2.1. Portāli ................................................................................................................. 40 6.2.2. Ziņu un jaunumu lapas ....................................................................................... 41 6.2.3. Biznesa, organizāciju lapas................................................................................. 42 6.2.4. Izglītojošās lapas ................................................................................................ 43 6.2.5. Privātās mājas lapas ............................................................................................ 43 6.2.6. Mākslas lapas ...................................................................................................... 44 6.2.7. Tūrisma lapas ...................................................................................................... 45 6.2.8. Izklaides lapas..................................................................................................... 46 6.3. Mājas lapas plānošana ............................................................................................... 46 6.4. Mājas lapas noformējums .......................................................................................... 50 7. HTML valoda ................................................................................................................... 60 7.1. Galvas daļas tagi ........................................................................................................ 61 7.2. Ķermeņa daļas tagi ..................................................................................................... 64 8. CSS stilu lapas .................................................................................................................. 75 8.1. CSS jēdzieni, iespēju apraksts, piemēri ..................................................................... 75 8.2. Definēšanas metodes .................................................................................................. 77 8.2.1. CSS koda iekļaušana HTML dokumenta galvas daļā ........................................ 77 8.2.2. CSS koda saglabāšana atsevišķā failā un importēšanas veidi ............................ 78 8.3. Teksta, fona, saites stila uzdošana ............................................................................. 81 8.4. Parametru uzdošana. Saraksti. Rāmējumi. Tabulas ................................................... 85 8.5. Elementu pozicionēšana ............................................................................................ 88 8.6. Filtri ........................................................................................................................... 90 8.7. CSS kontrolēšana ....................................................................................................... 93 8.8. CSS koda realizācija dažādās pārlūkprogrammās ..................................................... 94 9. Populārākās programmas sākumlapu izveidei .................................................................. 95 10. MS FrontPage 2003 ....................................................................................................... 97 10.1. FrontPage 2003 aktivizēšana ................................................................................ 100 3 10.2. FrontPage skatu režīmi (Views)............................................................................ 101 10.3. Lappuses izveidošana un saglabāšana .................................................................. 103 10.3.1. Lappuses parametri ....................................................................................... 103 10.3.2. Jaunas lappuses izveidošana ......................................................................... 105 10.3.3. Lappuses atvēršana labošanai ....................................................................... 106 10.3.4. Lappuses saglabāšana ................................................................................... 106 10.4. Teksta noformēšana.............................................................................................. 107 10.4.1. Teksta iezīmēšana ......................................................................................... 107 10.4.2. Formatēšanas rīku josla ................................................................................ 107 10.4.3. Rakstzīmju lieluma izvēle ............................................................................. 108 10.4.4. Fona noformēšana ......................................................................................... 108 10.4.5. Virsraksti ....................................................................................................... 109 10.5. Atdalošās līnijas ................................................................................................... 109 10.6. Saraksti ................................................................................................................. 110 10.7. Tabulas ................................................................................................................. 112 10.7.1. Tabulas izveidošana ar komandu Table / Insert / Table ............................... 113 10.7.2. Tabulas uzzīmēšana ar rīku joslu Tables ...................................................... 113 10.7.3. Tabulas izveidošana ar pogu Insert Table .................................................... 114 10.7.4. Tabulas virsraksta pievienošana ................................................................... 114 10.7.5. Tabulas elementu iezīmēšana ....................................................................... 114 10.7.6. Tabulas rediģēšana ........................................................................................ 115 10.8. Hipersaites ............................................................................................................ 118 10.8.1. Pilnās un relatīvās adreses ............................................................................ 120 10.8.2. Grāmatzīmju veidošana ...............................................................................
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