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Mitteilungen Der Botanischen Staatssammlung München

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Mitteilungen Der Botanischen Staatssammlung München - 135 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 27 p. 135 - 380 31.12.1988 ISSN 0006-8179 Revision von Astragalus L. sect. Campylan- thus Bunge, sect. Microphysa Bunge und sect. Poterion Bunge von S. TIETZ INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Zusaimnenf assung/Summary 136 1. Einleitung .' 139 1.1. Aufgabenstellung 139 1.2. Material und Methoden 140 2. Allgemeiner Teil 142 2.1. Historischer Oberblick 142 2.2. Die Stellung der Sektionen innerhalb der Gattung; Entwicklungstendenzen und Probleme der Sektionsabgrenzung 143 2.3. Bemerkungen zu Wachstum, Vermehrung und Fort- pflanzung der behandelten Arten 146 2.4. Bemerkungen zu Verbreitung und Ökologie 147 3. Spezieller Teil 148 3.1. Bestimmungsschlüssel für die behandelten Sektionen 148 3.2. Sect. Campylanthus 149 3.2.1. Kennzeichen 149 3.2.2. Beschreibung 150 3.2.3. Bemerkungen zu den Artarealen 156 3.2.4. Entwicklungstendenzen und Beziehungen innerhalb der Sektion und zu den Nach- barsektionen 156 3.2.5. Bestimmungsschlüssel 158 3.2.6. Arten in alphabetischer Reihenfolge .... 159 - 136 - © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at 3.3. Sect. Microphysa 176 3.3.1. Kennzeichen 176 3.3.2. Beschreibung "..-•....' 177 3.3.3. Bemerkungen zu den Artarealen' 182 3.3.4. Entwicklungstendenzen und Beziehungen innerhalb der Sektion und zu den Nach- barsektionen 183 3.3.5. Bestimmungsschlüssel 185 3.3.6. Arten in alphabetischer Reihenfolge .... 187 3.4. Sect. Poterion 224 3.4.1. Kennzeichen 224 3.4.2. Beschreibung 225 3.4.3. Bemerkungen zu den Artarealen 232 3.4.4. Bemerkungen zum Sektionsnamen 233 3.4.5. Entwicklungstendenzen und Beziehungen innerhalb der Sektion und zu den Nach- barsektionen 233 3.4.6. Bestimmungsschlüssel 236 3.4.7. Arten in alphabetischer Reihenfolge .... 239 Verzeichnis der in dieser Arbeit neu beschriebenen Sippen, der vorgenommenen Umkombinationen und Sektionsumstellungen und der auszuschließenden Arten 304 4.1. Neue Sippen und Umkombinationen 304 4.2. Sektionsumstellungen im Rahmen der behandelten Sektionen 305 4.3. Auszuschließende Arten 305 Literaturverzeichnis 306 Anhang 311 6.1. Abbildungen 312 6.2. Karten 353 6.3. Diagramme 365 6.4. Tabellen 369 6.5. Tafeln 371 Index 376 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die vorliegende Arbeit umfaßt die Revision der Astragalus- sektionen Campylanthus, Microphysa und Poterion. Es können 30 Arten unterschieden werden (sechs in sect. Campylanthus, zwölf in sect. Microphysa und zwölf in sect. Poterion) . Etwa die Hälfte der bisher in diesem Verwandtschaftskreis beschriebenen Arten werden in die Synonymie bzw. in andere Sektionen verwiesen, zwei Arten (Microphysa) und drei Unterarten werden neu beschrieben und fünf Arten auf die . - 137 - © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Rangstufe von Unterarten umkombiniert. Aus den sect. Campy- lanthus und Megalocystis werden einige Arten zu sect. Microphysa und aus der sect. Megalocystis eine Art zu sect. Poterion gestellt. Für die behandelten Taxa sind ausführliche Beschreibungen, vollständige Synonymielisten und Verbreitungskarten ge- geben. Alle Namen, einschließlich der Synonyme, wurden typif iziert Innerhalb der Sektionen lassen sich jeweils verschiedene + enge Verwandtschaftsgruppen unterscheiden. Die Gruppen der sect. Poterion sind gut umrissen und stehen einander ziem- lich fern. In den beiden anderen Sektionen sind die Art- unterschiede nur gering, alle Arten stehen sich sehr nahe und sind oft nur schwer zu unterscheiden. Die sect. Campylanthus und Microphysa stehen sich sehr nahe, wobei Microphysa von Campylanthus ableitbar ist. Poterion hingegen stellt eine eigene (in sich heterogene) Entwicklungsrichtung dar, mit anderer Kronblatt- und Fruchtform und ausgeprägten Reduktionen im vegetativen und generativen Bereich. Bei allen Merkmalen, die mit dem für die Gruppe charakte- ristischen Komplex der Verbreitungseinheit aus blasig ver- größertem Fruchtkelch und darin eingeschlossener Frucht in Verbindung stehen (Kelchform, -zahne, -haare, -nerven, Län- ge der Kronblattnägel, Länge der Fruchtstiele und Brakteen- form) kommt es zu Ableitungen, die aber eher Organisations- formen als Verwandtschaftskreise charakterisieren. Da sich die sect. Microphysa von sect. Campylanthus fast nur durch die stärker vergrößerten Fruchtkelche unterscheidet, kann eine Vereinigung der beiden Sektionen erwogen werden. Eine endgültige Aussage kann aber nur nach Analyse der Nachbar- sektionen gemacht werden, die z.T. an Poterion (z.B. Mega- locystis p.p.), z.T. aber auch an Microphysa (z.B. Megalo- cystis p.p.) angeschlossen werden können. Die beiden Sektionen Campylanthus und Microphysa sind im Iran endemisch und besiedeln bevorzugt höhere Gebirgslagen zwischen 1700-3500 m. Für die Arten ist eine Tendenz zu sehr kleinen, sich oft überlagernden Arealen bemerkenswert. Das Areal der Sektion Poterion hingegen erstreckt sich von SO-Spanien über N-Afrika und den Vorderen Orient bis W- Pakistan. Die Arten bevorzugen meist niedere Lagen von 0- 2000 m. Ihre Areale sind oft groß und überlagern sich nur wenig. S UMMARY The present paper comprises the revision oft Astragalus L, sect. Campylanthus Bunge, sect. Microphysa Bunge and sect, Poterion Bunge. , 138 - © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at There can be distinguished 30 species (6 of Campylantbus 12 of Microphysa and 12 of Poterion) . Approximately half of the species which have been described so far are found to be Synonyms or are transferred to other sections. 2 species (.Microphysa) and 3 subspecies are newly described and 5 species are changed into the rank of subspecies. Some species of the sect. Campylanthus and Megalocystis are transferred to the sect. Microphysa and 1 species of the sect. Megalocystis is transferred to the sect. Poterion. Detailed descriptions , complete lists of synonyms and distribution maps are listed for all taxa. All names, in- cluding synonyms, have been typified. Within the sections several groups of + closely related species can be distinguished. The groups of the sect. Poterion are well delimited and not very closely related. Both other sections show only small differences between their species; all species are very closely related and often poorly delimited. The sect. Campylanthus and Microphysa are very closely re- lated whereby Microphysa can be derived from ancestral forms of Campylanthus. Poterion, however , shows due to different forms of petals and legumes and pronounced reduc- tions in the vegetative and generative parts another (heterogenous) trend of evolution. There are evolutionary trends in all the characteristics connected with the dispersal unit (inflated fruiting calyx with enclosed legume) like the form of the calyx, calyx teeth, hairs of the calyx, nerves of the calyx, length of the petal claws, length of the fruit pedicels, form of the bracts, characteristics that indicate rather forms of Organisation than relationship. Since the main difference between the sect. Microphysa and Campylanthus is seen in the more inflated fruiting calyx of Microphysa, a union of both sections can be taken into consideration. A final Statement, however, can be made only after the analysis of the neighbour sections. The sect. Megalocystis seems to be heterogenous, some species showing more affinities with Poterion, other species more with Microphysa. Both sect. Campylanthus and Microphysa are endemic to parts of Iran where they are mainly found in higher mountain levels (1700-3500 m) . The species show with preference a tendency to small, overlapping areas . Whereas the sect. Poterion reaches from SE of Spain over N-Africa and the Middle East to W-Pakistan and the species prefer lower altitudes (0-2000 m) . Their areas are large and scarcely overlapping. - - © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/;139 www.biologiezentrum.at 1. EINLEITUNG 1.1. AUFGABENSTELLUNG Die vorliegende Revision behandelt die von BUNGE 1868/69 aufgestellten Sektionen Campylanthus, Microphysa und Poterion. Es ist im Rahmen der von der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Dr. D. PODLECH in München seit fast 20 Jahren durchgeführten Re- visionen die erste Arbeit über den Verwandtschaftskreis basifix behaarter Astragfali mit blasig vergrößerten Frucht- kelchen und verdornenden Blattrhachiden. Die drei Sektionen sollten auf ihre Merkmale, die Wertig- keit und Verbreitung der Arten und die phylogenetischen Beziehungen innerhalb der Sektionen und zu den nächstste- henden Sektionen untersucht werden. Durch die vielen neuen Artbeschreibungen in den letzten Jahrzehnten sind die bis- herigen Schlüssel unbrauchbar geworden, viele Arten wurden dadurch doppelt beschrieben oder neue Arten blieben uner- kannt. Die Bearbeitung der umfangreichen Auf Sammlungen aus neuester Zeit v.a. aus Afghanistan und dem Iran sollte zu einem neuen Bild über die bisher oft nur von einem oder wenigen Fundorten bekannten Arten führen, die Erstellung neuer, brauchbarer Schlüssel ermöglichen und zu Erkennt- nissen über evolutive Tendenzen innerhalb der Gruppen füh- ren. Die auch auf die nächstverwandten Sektionen ausgedehnten Untersuchungen dürften den Grundstein für eine neue Glie- derung der Verwandtschaft mit blasig vergrößerten Frucht- kelchen liefern. - © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/;- 140 www.biologiezentrum.at 1.2. MATERIAL UND METHODEN Für die Untersuchungen stand Material folgender Sammlungen zur Verfügung (Abkürzungen gemäß HOLMGREN
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