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Baseline Information and Status Assessment of the Pallas's Cat in Iran

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Baseline Information and Status Assessment of the Pallas's Cat in Iran ISSN 1027-2992 I Special Issue I N° 10 | Autumn 2016 CatsCAT in Iran news 02 CATnews is the newsletter of the Cat Specialist Group, a component Editors: Christine & Urs Breitenmoser of the Species Survival Commission SSC of the International Union Co-chairs IUCN/SSC for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is published twice a year, and is Cat Specialist Group available to members and the Friends of the Cat Group. KORA, Thunstrasse 31, 3074 Muri, Switzerland For joining the Friends of the Cat Group please contact Tel ++41(31) 951 90 20 Christine Breitenmoser at [email protected] Fax ++41(31) 951 90 40 <[email protected]> Original contributions and short notes about wild cats are welcome Send <[email protected]> contributions and observations to [email protected]. Guidelines for authors are available at www.catsg.org/catnews Cover Photo: From top left to bottom right: Caspian tiger (K. Rudloff) This Special Issue of CATnews has been produced with support Asiatic lion (P. Meier) from the Wild Cat Club and Zoo Leipzig. Asiatic cheetah (ICS/DoE/CACP/ Panthera) Design: barbara surber, werk’sdesign gmbh caracal (M. Eslami Dehkordi) Layout: Christine Breitenmoser & Tabea Lanz Eurasian lynx (F. Heidari) Print: Stämpfli Publikationen AG, Bern, Switzerland Pallas’s cat (F. Esfandiari) Persian leopard (S. B. Mousavi) ISSN 1027-2992 © IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group Asiatic wildcat (S. B. Mousavi) sand cat (M. R. Besmeli) jungle cat (B. Farahanchi) The designation of the geographical entities in this publication, and the representation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CATnews Special Issue 10 Autumn 2016 Farhadinia et al. MOHAMMAD S. FARHADINIA1, 2*, EHSAN M. MOQANAKI1 AND MOHAMMAD ALI ADIBI3,4 firmed records of presence obtained before 2000; C1: confirmed records with physical Baseline information and evidences (e.g. photos, videos, carcasses, museum specimens with identified origins); status assessment of the Pal- C2: reliable field observations verified by ei- ther us or a trained person. Unlike Moqanaki las’s cat in Iran et al. (2010), we did not find the C3 category applicable to our Pallas’s cat records, be- Iran is most likely the western boundary of the Pallas’s cat’s, or manul Otocolobus cause we felt that the remaining unconfirmed manul global distribution range. The Pallas’s cat is amongst the least-studied fe- records are too ambiguous given our criteria. lids in Iran and basic questions about its status and natural history have yet to be answered. Our review of the available information suggests significant increases in Description and taxonomy the range of the species previously known from Iran. North-eastern Iran remains a Adult manuls, the species’ other popular hotspot of Pallas’s cat occurrence in the country, but there are a growing number of name, weigh 2.5-5.3 kg and the average recent confirmed records from southern slopes of Alborz Mountains, as well as the body length is approximately 55 cm (Sun- south-central provinces. Human disturbances such as mining activities and tradi- quist & Sunquist 2002, S. Ross, unpubl. tional pastoralism, particularly during summer when alpine and sub-alpine range- data). The Pallas’s cat has a heavy fur coat lands are occupied by flocks of livestock, might have adverse impact on the Pallas’s of silvery to rufous-grey and faint stripes on cat. The lack of scientific understanding of the Pallas’s cat in Iran restricts our ability the body (Fig. 1). Short-rounded ears and to conserve the species. large eyes are set on a flattened broad face. Distinctive dark stripes adorn the face and The Pallas’s cat is a short-legged small cat, Methods cheeks and the head is decorated with small approximately the same size as a domestic Our study approach was similar to the one spots. A spectacle-like pattern circles the cat, with a broad distribution through semi- described in details in Moqanaki et al. (2010). eyes. The tail is bushy and banded with nar- arid and arid steppes of Russia and China In brief, we undertook a synthesis of the Pal- row stripes, with a dark tip at the end. The to the Caspian Sea region in western Asia. las’s cat in Iran using published reports, un- coat coloration may appear darker in spring- Being considered as one of the least-studied published accounts, museum specimens, and summer (Nowell & Jackson 1996, Sunquist 38 carnivores of Iran, very little verifiable infor- extensive interviews and interrogations with & Sunquist 2002). mation is present about the natural history trained Iranian biologists, provincial wildlife We obtained 16 measurements from the and aspects of ecology of the Pallas’s cat in authorities, taxidermist, and hunters. We Iranian Pallas’s cats (Supporting Online Ma- the country. The need to identify the current updated this information during two partici- terial SOM T1). On average, Iranian speci- distribution and status of the Pallas’s cat is patory workshops facilitated by Iran Depart- mens weigh 2.4 ± SE 0.1 kg (male: 2.5 ± SE urgent in order to direct future research to un- ment of Environment DoE, University of the 0.2 (n = 8) vs. female: 2.3 ± SE 0.1 (n = 6)). derstand the species’ conservation needs. In Environment, and IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Furthermore, head and body length reaches this study, we present a review of the current Group, in Karaj, Alborz Province (27-29 No- 55.5 ± SE 1.1 cm with a mean tail length of state of the species’ biology and geographical vember 2011) and Sari, Mazandaran Province 25.5 ± SE 0.4 cm for Iranian Pallas’s cats. distribution range in Iran as recorded in the (12-14 May 2012). Following our earlier work, The taxonomic status of the Pallas’s cat was last 25 years, as comprehensive as possible, we filtered and refined the unpublished data unclear until very recently. At first, on the and discuss potential threats in the Iranian based on their reliability and categorised basis of the coat appearance, Peter Simon range of the Pallas’s cat. them into three groups of: ‘historical’: con- Pallas postulated that the manul is a likely ancestor of Persian domestic cat breeds (Nowell & Jackson 1996). Later authors clas- sified the species as Lynx, Felis, and subse- quently in its own genus. Today, Otocolobus is believed to be a monotypic genus. Novel molecular studies have suggested a very close phylogenetic relationship with the Prionailurus lineage (Johnson et al. 2006). Three subspecies are proposed to date: O. m. manul (Pallas 1776) in Russia, Mongolia and northern China; O. m. nigripectus (Hodgson 1842) on the Tibetan Plateau and probably Kashmir; and O. m. ferrugineus (Ognev 1928) from Central Asia to Iran. While the eastern subspecies is the typical greyish morph, the western population shows a variably rufes- Fig. 1. A Pallas’s cat photo-trapped in Salouk National Park, North Khorasan Province, in cent coat colour (Nowell & Jackson 1996; fall 2015 (Photo M. S. Farhadinia/WildCRU/ICS/Panthera). see Figs. 1-3). CATnews Special Issue 10 Autumn 2016 Pallas‘s cat Distribution Iran is likely the western boundary of the Otocolobus manul global distribution range of the Pallas’s cat. The species is amongst the least studied Names: IUCN Red List: felids in Iran and basic questions about its Gorbe-ye-Palas Near Threatened (2016) status and natural history have yet to be Pallas’s cat (manul) CITES: answered. In this study we gathered 84 new Appendix II occurrence records of the Pallas’s cat in Iran Head and body length: (C1 and C2; see Contemporary records), of 48-60 cm Country Red List: which 72.6% (n = 61) were hard evidence Tail length: N/A (C1) and the remaining reliable sightings 23-29 cm Iran environmental verified in this study (C2). Our data signifi- Weight: conservation laws & cantly increases the range of the species 1.5-3.7 kg regulations: previously known from Iran (Fig. 4). North- Category II (Near Threat- eastern Iran is a hotspot of Pallas’s cat oc- Global Population: ened and protected) currence in the country. More recent records Unknown also originated from the south-central prov- Iranian Population: Esfandiari Photo F. inces (Fig. 4). The Pallas’s cat has not been Unknown reported in south-eastern Iran, though there are old anecdotal reports from neighbouring Distribution in Iran: Pakistani Baluchistan (Pocock 1939, Roberts Mainly north-east and north 1997). Therefore, our data indicate that as outside the Caspian region well as containing its western global range with scattered records for boundary, the Pallas’s cat reaches also its the rest of the country southernmost known limit in Iran (30° N). Historical records (up to 2000) The manul presence in Iran was confirmed Mouteh WR in central Iran in the Wild Cat Furthermore, the animal has been confirmed 39 from an undated specimen reportedly ob- Action Plan (M. T. Moeinian, pers. comm. from vicinity of a number of urbanised areas, tained in “Meched” (Mashhad), Razavi Kho- cited in Nowell & Jackson 1996). such as Chenaran, Torghabeh, Jajarm and rasan, by Sir P. R. Sykes (now in possession Esfarayen. Camera trap deployed for leopard of the Natural History Museum of London; Contemporary records: north-eastern Iran Panthera pardus in Salouk, Sarigol and A. C. Kitchener, pers. comm.). Together with (Razavi, North, and South Khorasan Provinces) Tandoureh NPs, North Khorasan Province, other specimens found from neighbouring North-eastern provinces hold the majority have photo-captured the Pallas’s cat in mul- countries, this specimen was a basis for of recent confirmed records of the Pallas’s tiple occasions (M.
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