Sustainable Urban and Architecture Future of Iranian Islamic Cities (Strategic and Challenges) the Case Sample of Zahedan City
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J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. , 4(12S )329 -338 , 2015 ISSN: 2090-4274 Journal of Applied Environmental © 2015, TextRoad Publication and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Sustainable Urban and Architecture Future of Iranian Islamic Cities (Strategic and Challenges) The Case Sample of Zahedan City Zeynab Karkeh Abadi (PHD), Reza Mohammadi, Sasan Masoudi 1,2,3, Department of Geography, College of human science, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran Received: November 21, 2014 Accepted: January 25, 2015 ABSTRACT Although the future is uncertain, but the definitions all in the fields of concepts "forecast" and "future" or providence whatever the look to tomorrow has in common points. But we can guess that it's the broad and full orientations and deal with by reasonable to it. Futurism not only profit all the tools of the future it is also seeking to optimize present the tasks and actions. Relationship of urban planning (urban) with sustainable urban architecture has directly relationship and is of a type that cannot be led distribute or in order to defined separate form for each them. the study was carried out in the past few decades, particularly since 1304 solar pahlavi era began with the arrival of modernity to country planning and architecture for large and medium-sized cities were palpably affected of it that with the study found that the documents appear on the facts between these two cities were the dominant instability rather than stability, therefore, migration and subsequent creation of uncontrolled urbanization , urban planning retardation and has suffered from unbalanced , so in this paper, a sample of case study Putting Zahedan that the so-called is mega-cities this issue will be discussed. Result of following from the western model is dysplasia and unsightly It shows the lack of attention to the environmental, climatic and cities is natural. this study was designed to evaluate the overall analysis and prediction of future trends in sustainable architecture and urbanism of cities provide the country the type and method of it is application and field also in the documentary and analytical strategies and current and future challenges facing the desert city of zahedan with a population of over 700 thousand people, and the plan is presented. KEY WORDS: urban planning, sustainable architecture, Islamic - Iranian cities, zahedan 1-INTRODUCTION City as the highest manifestation of architecture and human civilization has two different fate in Iran: in pre- Islamic ideology was dominance the ruling class and the relationship between the earth and the sky was established by individuals chosen, so city had the case of the symbolic. With the arrival of Islam in Iran, equal look worldview of Islam the fall the logic of social classes the direct relationship between man and god select intermediaries and certain persons place in society. As a result of the Iranian –Islamic city, because the transformation of thought and belief become new product of Islamic civilization that it was different from the spatial organization of their pre-Islamic way of life. So the trend not occurred based on pre-designed contemporary developments in architecture, An Islamic revolution was important landmark the changes are told is influenced it architectural form have been changed by following it. Climate is one of the factors affecting on human lives, especially in the architecture field and the building . Architecture experience in across the world and experience it indigenous in the architecture of Iran as the architecture of the city that has been imported agents it has been distances the traditional architectural style . What is considered in the design is facades it also captured the western symbols that actually matters arising it does not comply with such traditions and beliefs of Iran (ghayor, 1995: 25). The analysis examined the major cities of the Islamic world in Islamic contemporary are have not comply and written in by individual in Iran has but, some articles have been referred to it. Including decedent professor mohammad has an ganje in international seminar of geographical Islamic republic of Iran in 1986 to review the status of urban cities. Islamic countries is discussed he given to Islamic countries that least 75 countries are Muslim. Consequently, the majority of the population are Muslim, don’t select (ganji, 1985). Another done activities the geography book of Islamic countries compilation reza ahmdan 2004 and mostofy almmalk should be noted. He examines the state of the economy, urbanization, nomadic, health, during the shootout ... has deal with about Islamic countries, including Iran, (mostofi almamalki, 1996). world Islam cities to Islamic cities they be viewed from different angles change faced with a major phenomenon that is certainly modernism and modernity a phenomenon created profound changes in their the topic . in other words, of all the cities in a feature share it is face of modernism and the inability of proper planning and appropriate characteristics of authentic Islamic culture (shahraki et all, 2011). * Corresponding Author: Zeynab Karkeh Abadi (PHD), Department of Geography, College of human science, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran. email: :[email protected] 329 Abadi et al., 2015 Objectives and explains the significance of the problem the purpose of this study was to analyze the prediction of future trends sustainable architecture and urbanism of the country's cities in this here the city of zahedan is immigration composed of different ethnic groups and tribes with different religious and ethnic subcultures, housing construction and architectural form any part of the local culture and religion follow you were spaces.cause disharmony and imbalance in terms of state and city other things, such as a 200 thousand marginalized as the third largest city in the country), the lack of accurate monitoring survey on housing manufacturing especially of informal housing in areas with abundant cultural and social problems other problems of this kind is attention to the importance of the research topic has doubled no doubt that our current cities are so disproportionate not only the loss of urban space architecture weakness it is added (azhdar, 2011: 283). 2 - METHODS 2-1- Methodology : The method in this study is applied, review and meta-analysis was based on documents, Other information and Interviews by individuals with some great old city of Zahedan and finally conclusions based on analysis of the current situation along with the challenges and solutions. 2-2- study area: Sistan and Baluchistan is located in the southeast, Iran in the 60 degrees 53 minutes east and 29 degrees 28 minutes north. zahedan the provincial capital due to the geographic location of and desert have faced with the temperature difference with high proportion of month this city has smooth, flat plain with a gentle slope of about 25 degrees a more or less high mountains surrounding it high and rough ,the city is connected by more communication lines in many different areas and nosratabad -bm, the zabl.jarmak .Mashhad way and iranshahr - khash, and mirjaveh ways and other side of the railway, especially the monotony mirjaveh – bam and kerman are examples of this (kharashadi zadeh et al. 2013). Zahedan is located in border desert with less than a century due to the at the crossroads, strategic approach the name was given by reza khan in 1931. the most basic form of the city of zahedan, regardless of administrative and military-political issues of the time, koushki to quetta railway and then construction dzdab by the English from another angle, therefore from point of view some authorities emergence of urban geography based on military and security policy the same requirements as in zahedan it formally justifies .zahdan amplifications, after separation of the same year, the great khorasan , zahedan deal with to center for development of sistan and baluchistan province. From 1941 consolidation of the city's business and its location due to the large countries such as railway construction mirjaveh and neighboring with great India's done trade performance the historical documentation zahedan population was only 5,000in 1928 that number to 3,000 foreign nationals (hindi) formed In 1941 the city's population of 20,000 subjects with historical references cited statistics The year 1956 census population was 61,484 people in Zahedan of which 66% is rural and 34% urban, or are...... But now the city's population adding 650 thousand means during the 60 years of the 10-fold and extension of the eighties hectare to 8,000 hectare and has 800 fold and urban population it is 87% (table 1) now the city is a gateway zahdan due to the migration of different ethnic with various subcultures have combined with the principles and practices of urban and rural culture has architecture and culture are not equal. the main question in this study is that what of the new town and the ancient not based on the principles of Islamic architecture and urban development and technical enrichment – Iran founded due to the newly it?... Table 1: The city of Zahedan, the separation of rural and urban population growth during 1956-2011 Density to people man woman Rural points Urban points population year ( ( Km ) ( people thousand ) - - - - 36550 24934 61484 1956 1.5 1.5 47096 45102 52368 39830 92198 1966 3 3 63284 56865 26409 93740 120149 1976 8.2 8.2 162183 156182 23836 285118 318365 1986 14 14 250285 236746 56614 427631 487031 1996 19 19 349833