DOCSLIB.ORG

Integrating Deer and Cattle Management in the Post Oak Savannah by David W

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Integrating Deer and Cattle Management in the Post Oak Savannah by David W Integrating Deer and Cattle Management in the Post Oak Savannah by David W. Rideout, Wildlife Biologist, Texas Parks and Wildlife 1. Do not try to carry more cattle arrowleaf clover and ryegrass to than the land can support over the benefit cattle and deer. long term. Graze native pastures on a rotating basis wherever 5. Minimize use of herbicides in possible, resting pastures for at pastures. Mowing or spot treat- 9. Control feral (wild) hogs by least as long they are grazed. ment of undesirable weeds with shooting or trapping whenever Consider using stocker operation 2-4D (1 pt./acre) is preferred over possible. Winter months are most from March through August broadcast spraying. effective to control these direct instead of continuous cow/calf competitors of deer. operation. 6. In May, plant 1-5% of acreage in summer supplemental food plots 10. Do not try to carry more deer 2. Fence off or exclude wooded areas fenced-off/excluded from cattle. Plots than the land can support over the from cattle wherever possible from should be long and narrow, and at long term. Generally, one deer/ mid August through February, least five acres due to usually heavy 10 acres in bottomland and one especially bottomlands to prevent use by deer. Bottomland plots, not deer/25 acres in upland is the competition with deer for browse. subjected to standing water, are recommended carrying capacity in Include in fenced-off areas, one or more productive. A combination of the Post Oak Savannah, depending more acres of native pasture to iron and clay cowpeas, alyce clover on cattle stocking rates. Higher provide protected fawn nursery or soybeans will provide 20% populations can be maintained areas, preventing cattle distur- protein from June through Septem- under intensive habitat and bance and keeping fawns out of ber. Lime and fertilize as soil tests population management. For sight of predators. recommend. quality bucks, harvest no more than 20% of total antlered bucks, 1 3. Prescribe burn, from October 7. In October, plant 1-5% of acreage allowing bucks to reach 4 /2 years through February or until green-up in winter supplemental food plots, of age or more to develop heavy begins, the undergrowth of 15-20% fenced-off/excluded from cattle. beamed antlers with a wide of upland woods. Burn each tract Plots should be 1-10 acres, long spread. For maximum use, harvest about every 5-6 years to promote and narrow, and limed and no more than 50% of bucks each new vegetative growth. Do not fertilized as soil tests recommend. year. Develop buck and antlerless burn bottomland hardwoods. A combination of oats, elbon rye, deer harvest quotas by observing Prescribe burn about one-third of and ryegrass plus plots with yuchi vegetation use and from results of native pastures/openings every arrowleaf clover and ryegrass will August and September spotlight year during late summer, burning provide 15-20% protein from and daytime deer counts, not by each site about every three years November through May. the number of hunters hunting the to control woody growth and property! encourage new growth of grasses, 8. To permit mobility of deer, the weeds, and wildflowers. Keep open bottom wire of fences should be at **Combine adjoining landowner tracts area burns under 40 acres. least 18 inches from the ground to develop a Landowner Wildlife and top and second wire should be Management Association. A minimum 4. Overseed existing coastal bermuda at least 12 inches apart. All hog of 3,500 acres is usually required to and native pastures with yuchi wire should be removed. begin effective deer management. Some Important White-tailed Deer Food Plants in the Post Oak Savannah (Provide leaves, stems, buds, fruit, and/or soft/hard mast.) TREES smooth sumac ragweeds hackberry fragrant sumac woolly-white sassafras flameleaf sumac vetches farkleberry coralberry erect dayflower hawthorn plums bur clover red maple sweet clovers persimmon VINES wood sorrel dogwoods greenbriers brown-eyed Susan box elder rattan-vine smartweeds Hercules-club Carolina jessamine wine-cup live oak honeysuckles lespedezas white oak post oak grade beggar-ticks red oak muscadine grape partridge pea post oak mustang grape sensitive brier water oak Virginia creeper willow oak blackberries CULTIVATED CROPS bluejack oak dewberries (Summer) blackjack oak poison oak/ivy forage cowpeas yaupon wild beans alyce clover possum-haw joint vetch cedar elm FORBS soybeans winged elm (Weeds/Wildflowers) (Winter) Osage orange spiderwort elbon rye bumelia sunflowers oats tick clovers wheat SHRUBS cutleaf primrose yuchi arrowleaf clover American beautyberry chickweed ryegrass American elderberry three-seeded mercury Austrian winterpeas NOTE: The degree of use by deer of different plant species often varies in different localities, depending on the amount of deer and livestock present, soil types, new growth versus old growth, and the availability of other plants. 4200 Smith School Road Austin, Texas 78744 1-800-792-1112 www.tpwd.state.tx.us © 1999 Texas Parks and Wildlife PWD LF W7000-0237 (10/99) In accordance with Texas Depository Law, this publication is available at the Texas State Publications Clearinghouse and/or Texas Depository Libraries..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crows and Ravens Wildlife Notes
    12. Crows & Ravens Crows and ravens belong to the large family Corvidae, along with more than 200 other species including jays, nutcrackers and magpies. These less-than-melodious birds, you may be surprised to learn, are classified as songbirds. raven American Crow insects, grain, fruit, the eggs and young of other birds, Crows are some of the most conspicuous and best known organic garbage and just about anything that they can find of all birds. They are intelligent, wary and adapt well to or overpower. Crows also feed on the carcasses of winter – human activity. As with most other wildlife species, crows and road-killed animals. are considered to have “good” points and “bad” ones— value judgements made strictly by humans. They are found Crows have extremely keen senses of sight and hearing. in all 50 states and parts of Canada and Mexico. They are wary and usually post sentries while they feed. Sentry birds watch for danger, ready to alert the feeding birds with a sharp alarm caw. Once aloft, crows fly at 25 Biology to 30 mph. If a strong tail wind is present, they can hit 60 Also known as the common crow, an adult American mph. These skillful fliers have a large repertoire of moves crow weighs about 20 ounces. Its body length is 15 to 18 designed to throw off airborne predators. inches and its wings span up to three feet. Both males Crows are relatively gregarious. Throughout most of the and females are black from their beaks to the tips of their year, they flock in groups ranging from family units to tails.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting Deer in California
    HUNTING DEER IN CALIFORNIA We hope this guide will help deer hunters by encouraging a greater understanding of the various subspecies of mule deer found in California and explaining effective hunting techniques for various situations and conditions encountered throughout the state during general and special deer seasons. Second Edition August 2002 STATE OF CALIFORNIA Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME L. Ryan Broddrick, Director WILDLIFE PROGRAMS BRANCH David S. Zezulak, Ph.D., Chief Written by John Higley Technical Advisors: Don Koch; Eric Loft, Ph.D.; Terry M. Mansfield; Kenneth Mayer; Sonke Mastrup; Russell C. Mohr; David O. Smith; Thomas B. Stone Graphic Design and Layout: Lorna Bernard and Dana Lis Cover Photo: Steve Guill Funded by the Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation Program TABLE OF CON T EN T S INTRODUCT I ON ................................................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1: THE DEER OF CAL I FORN I A .........................................................................................................7 Columbian black-tailed deer ....................................................................................................................8 California mule deer ................................................................................................................................8 Rocky Mountain mule deer .....................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Government Data Confirm That Grizzly Bears Have a Negligible Effect on U.S. Cattle and Sheep Industries
    Government data confirm that grizzly bears have a negligible effect on U.S. cattle and sheep industries In the United States, data show that grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) kill few cattle and sheep. Livestock predation data collected by various governmental bodies differ significantly, however. The most recent data published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA)1 indicate losses many times greater than those collected by states and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). For instance, the USDA claims grizzly bears killed 3,162 cattle in nine states (in 2015), while the FWS verified only 123 such losses in three states (in 2013). Montana’s Board of Livestock’s data show that between 2015 and 2018 cattle losses from grizzly bears numbered 61 or less annually. The USDA’s methodology involves collecting data from a few mostly unverified sources, which the USDA then extrapolated statewide without calculating standard errors or using models to test relationships among various mortality factors.2 This contravenes the scientific method and results in exaggerated livestock losses attributed to native carnivores and dogs. Unfortunately, this misinformation informs public policies that harm native carnivores, including countless legislative attacks on grizzly bears, wolves and the Endangered Species Act. The Humane Society of the United States analyzed the USDA’s embellished predation numbers. Their data show that farmers and ranchers lose nine times more cattle and sheep to health, weather, birthing and theft problems than to all predators combined. In the USDA reports, “predators” include mammalian carnivores (e.g., cougars, wolves and bears), avian carnivores (e.g., eagles and hawks) and domestic dogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Livestock Concerns with Feral Hogs
    Livestock Concerns with Feral Hogs Aaron Sumrall Newton Co. Extension Agent History of Feral Hogs • Introduce to New World by De Soto in 1539 as a food source. • Made it to Texas in 1680’s. • Population explosion beginning in 1930 thru now……Why? – Great Depression….hardship of the 30’s. – Imported for hunting opportunities. What is the Current Status? • Population estimates of >1 million. • Occupy 244 of 254 counties. • 2007- Caused $52 million in Ag only. • $200/Hog/Year in Damage. • 42 of 50 States. Feral Hog Biology • Life expectancy of 4-5 years. • Reproductively capable of 6 months if nutrition is available. – 1st litter can be weaned before 1st birthday of sow. • Gestation of 115 days. • Average littler size of 4-6 piglets. • What do you call a group of feral hogs? Feral Hog Biology….Continued • Sounders typically of 6-12 individuals can be >30. • Mature hogs from 110-300 lbs. • Come in 3 flavors. – Eurasian Wild Boar – Domesticated hogs released – Combination of the two Areas of Feral Hog Damage • Agricultural:$52 million in 2007. • Disease • Predation • Habitat Destruction • Accidents • Sensitive Areas……example Wetlands. • Residential • Recreational • $800 million animal in Ag/Environmental. Areas of Feral Hog Damage...Continued • Length of tie required for land recovery. • Loss of topsoil. • Destruction of sensitive habitat. • Predation of livestock and wildlife population. • Introduction of other invasive species. – Reduction or loss of native vegetation. • Reduced water quality. – Roadway damage, etc…. What are Legal Options? • Hunting • Trapping • Dogs • Snares • Ariel Gunning What else is Legal? • Are you required to hold a hunting license shoot/hunt hogs? –It Depends!!! Is it Legal to Raise Feral Hogs? • NO! It is not legal to posses or feed feral hogs without a permit.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Food Habits of Deer and Three Classes of Livestock Author(S): Craig A
    Comparative Food Habits of Deer and Three Classes of Livestock Author(s): Craig A. McMahan Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Oct., 1964), pp. 798-808 Published by: Allen Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3798797 . Accessed: 13/07/2012 12:15 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Allen Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Wildlife Management. http://www.jstor.org COMPARATIVEFOOD HABITSOF DEERAND THREECLASSES OF LIVESTOCK CRAIGA. McMAHAN,Texas Parksand Wildlife Department,Hunt Abstract: To observe forage competition between deer and livestock, the forage selections of a tame deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a goat, a sheep, and a cow were observed under four range conditions, using both stocked and unstocked experimental pastures, on the Kerr Wildlife Management Area in the Edwards Plateau region of Texas in 1959. The animals were trained in 2 months of preliminary testing. The technique employed consisted of recording the number of bites taken of each plant species by each animal during a 45-minute grazing period in each pasture each week for 1 year.
    [Show full text]
  • Heraldic Terms
    HERALDIC TERMS The following terms, and their definitions, are used in heraldry. Some terms and practices were used in period real-world heraldry only. Some terms and practices are used in modern real-world heraldry only. Other terms and practices are used in SCA heraldry only. Most are used in both real-world and SCA heraldry. All are presented here as an aid to heraldic research and education. A LA CUISSE, A LA QUISE - at the thigh ABAISED, ABAISSÉ, ABASED - a charge or element depicted lower than its normal position ABATEMENTS - marks of disgrace placed on the shield of an offender of the law. There are extreme few records of such being employed, and then only noted in rolls. (As who would display their device if it had an abatement on it?) ABISME - a minor charge in the center of the shield drawn smaller than usual ABOUTÉ - end to end ABOVE - an ambiguous term which should be avoided in blazon. Generally, two charges one of which is above the other on the field can be blazoned better as "in pale an X and a Y" or "an A and in chief a B". See atop, ensigned. ABYSS - a minor charge in the center of the shield drawn smaller than usual ACCOLLÉ - (1) two shields side-by-side, sometimes united by their bottom tips overlapping or being connected to each other by their sides; (2) an animal with a crown, collar or other item around its neck; (3) keys, weapons or other implements placed saltirewise behind the shield in a heraldic display.
    [Show full text]
  • Carpals and Tarsals of Mule Deer, Black Bear and Human: an Osteology Guide for the Archaeologist
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship 2009 Carpals and tarsals of mule deer, black bear and human: an osteology guide for the archaeologist Tamela S. Smart Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Smart, Tamela S., "Carpals and tarsals of mule deer, black bear and human: an osteology guide for the archaeologist" (2009). WWU Graduate School Collection. 19. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/19 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MASTER'S THESIS In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWu. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others. I warrant that I have obtained written permissions from the owner of any third party copyrighted material included in these files. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of this work, including but not limited to the right to use all or part of this work in future works, such as articles or books.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romance of Clan Crests and Mottoes
    For Private Circulation The Romance of Clan Crests and Mottoes BY A. POLSON, F.S.A., Scot. H./v . 4/^. )12f Ht 4^ J ^X^ ^ m^-t JfiUum,— The Romance of Clan Crests and Mottoes. This is not a paper on Heraldry, but only a small collec- tion of legends regarding the incidents which are said to account for the crests and mottoes of some of the Highland clans. It is hoped that the recital of these may induce some of the members of the clans not mentioned here to tell any story they may have heard regarding their crests, so that fellow clansmen may take a deeper interest in all that pertains to the crest which many of them so proudly wear. The innate vanity which has prompted men of all races and ages to don ornaments and decorations must, among other things, be held responsible for the armorial bearings which have been, and are, worn by individuals, families, and communities, all of whom seem peculiarly sensitive as to the right of any other to impinge on their privilege of wearing the peculiar design chosen by themselves or an ancestor. Heraldry is not itself an old science, but the desire for some distinguishing ornament accounts, among savages, for the painted designs their bodies and on their shields and on ; men bearing similar designs were, and are, regarded as brethren. There is ample evidence of the antiquity of these emblems. One wonders whether Jacob in blessing his sons had in mind the emblems of the tribes when he said: " Judah is a lion's whelp.
    [Show full text]
  • Heraldry & the Parts of a Coat of Arms
    Heraldry reference materials The tomb of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (died 1151) is the first recorded example of hereditary armory in Europe. The same shield shown here is found on the tomb effigy of his grandson, William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury. Heraldry & the Parts of a Coat of Arms From fleur-de-lis.com Here are some charts from Irish surnames.com, but you can look up more specific information for you by searching “charges” and the words that allude to your ancestors’ backgrounds and cultures, if you prefer. Also try: http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/charges/crowns.html for a good reference source on charges. THE COLORS ON COATS OF ARMS Color Meaning Image Generosity Or (Gold) Argent (Silver or White) Sincerity, Peace Justice, Sovereignty, Purpure (Purple) Regal Warrior, Martyr, Military Gules (Red) Strength Azure (Blue) Strength, Loyalty Vert (Green) Hope, loyalty in love Sable (Black) Constancy, Grief Tenne or Tawny (Orange) Worthwhile Ambition Sanguine or Murray Victorious, Patient in Battle (Maroon) LINES ON COATS OF ARMS Name Meaning Image Irish Example Clouds or Air Nebuly Line Wavy Line Sea or Water Gillespie Embattled Fire, Town-Wall Patterson Line Engrailed Earth, Land Feeney Line Invecked Earth, Land Rowe Line Indented Fire Power Line HERALDIC BEASTS Name Meaning Image Irish Example Fierce Courage. In Ireland the Lion represented the 'lion' season, Lawlor Lion prior to the full arrival of Dillon Summer. The symbol can Condon also represent a great Warrior or Chief. Tiger Fierceness and valour Of Regal origin, one of high nature. In Ireland the Fish is associated with the legend of Fionn who became the first to Roche Fish taste the 'salmon of knowledge'.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Rule 8.2 Regulations for Enclosures Preventing The
    RULE 8.2 REGULATIONS FOR ENCLOSURES PREVENTING THE FREE INGRESS AND EGRESS OF WILD ANIMALS. Public Notice W1 3780 is hereby amended. A. Possession of White-tailed Deer 1. No person may possess a live white-tailed deer in Mississippi unless that person possesses a valid permit issued by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (MDWFP). 2. No person may sell a live white-tailed deer pursuant to Section 49-7-51, Mississippi Code of 1972. 3. Orphaned and Injured White-tailed Deer: Orphaned or injured white-tailed deer may not be placed in high-fenced enclosures without written permission from the MDWFP. B. Facility Permit 1. The owner of a high-fenced enclosure containing white-tailed deer must obtain an annual Facility Permit from the MDWFP. 2. The fee for a Facility Permit shall be Three Hundred Dollars ($300.00) per year for high-fenced enclosures containing 300 acres or less. The fee for a Facility Permit shall be One Dollar ($1.00) per enclosed acre for high-fenced enclosures containing more than 300 acres. 3. The permit will be valid from July 1 through June 30. 4. Additional commercial enclosure fees may apply pursuant to Section 49-11-5, Mississippi Code of 1972. C. Enclosure Size 1. All high-fenced enclosures constructed for the purpose of confining white-tailed deer only or confining both white-tailed deer and non-native ungulates after the adoption of this rule, must contain a minimum of 300 contiguous acres of which at least 50 percent of the total enclosed area must contain suitable habitat for white-tailed deer and is not susceptible to flooding under ordinary conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Deer Legislation
    Introduction This guide describes the general principles of the law relating to wild deer, it is not a full description of It is therefore advisable to carry written permission that law. It is important to study the full legislation as proof of your right to be on the land. to which this guide relates (see Further Information) Practitioners need to be fully conversant with current Exemptions. An offence is not committed if the legislation in order to make informed management perpetrator did so in the belief that he would have decisions and be sure that their actions are legal. been given consent if the owner or occupier knew of his doing it and the circumstances, or he has other The following defi nitions apply: lawful authority. “Deer” means deer of any species and includes the Ownership of deer. Deer which can roam carcass or any part thereof freely are wild animals and are not owned by, or “Night” means the period between 1 hour after the responsibility of, anyone. A wild deer becomes sunset and 1 hour before sunrise the property of the landowner when “reduced into “Vehicle” includes any vehicle including aircraft, possession” i.e. killed or captured, thus a culled deer hovercraft or boat is the property of the owner of the land on which it dies, a deer killed in a road accident is the property The law specifi cally relating to deer in England and of the owner of the highway, verge or land on which Wales is contained in the Deer Act 1991(Deer Act) it falls.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Broiler Litter to Beef Cattle
    MP-1773 February, 1996 Feeding Broiler Litter to Beef Cattle G. W. Evers, L. W. Greene, J. B. Carey and D. S. Doctorian* Broiler production in Texas has expanded at er litter to beef cattle utilizing information an annual rate of 7 percent since 1986 with from other states and two surveys on broiler 371 million broilers produced in 1994. Broiler litter feeding in the eastern half of Texas. litter (mixture of poultry excreta, bedding material, wasted feed and feathers) is usually Feed Quality Broiler Litter removed from the poultry houses on an annual Not all broiler litter is suitable for livestock basis. Because of its high nutrient content, feed. It is estimated that only about 35 percent poultry litter is usually applied to agricultural of the broiler litter produced in Alabama is of land as fertilizer with an economic value of $20 sufficient quality to be fed to cattle (Ruffin and to $30/ton. Broiler litter has a higher value as McCaskey, 1993). The composition of broiler a feed for beef cattle. Cattle are ruminants and litter is quite variable due to the amount of soil can digest material high in cellulose, hemicellu- contamination, type of litter, number of batch- lose and fiber. Byproducts of many grain and es of birds reared on the litter, and poultry food processing industries (i.e. citrus pulp, house management (McCaskey, 1995). The sugar beet pulp, brewers grain, corn gluten, nutrient and mineral variability of broiler litter fish meal, cotton hulls, and rice bran) are fed fed in Texas during the 1993-94 winter is to cattle.
    [Show full text]