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In the Supreme Court of Canada (On Appeal from the Court of Appeal for Alberta) File Number: 36865/36866 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR ALBERTA) BETWEEN: JEREMY JAMES PEERS APPELLANT (Appellant) and HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION) RESPONDENT (Respondent) and ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA; ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA; ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO; ATTORNEY GENERAL OF QUEBEC; ONTARIO SECURITIES COMMISSION; CANADIAN CONSTITUTION FOUNDATION; BRITISH COLUMBIA CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION; CANADIAN CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION INTERVENERS RONALD JAMES AITKENS APPELLANT (Appellant) and HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION) RESPONDENT (Respondent) and ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA; ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA; ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO; ATTORNEY GENERAL OF QUEBEC; ONTARIO SECURITIES COMMISSION; CANADIAN CONSTITUTION FOUNDATION INTERVENERS FACTUM OF THE INTERVENER THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA (Rule 37 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada) 2 Attorney General of Canada Attorney General of Canada Public Prosecution Service of Canada Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada 234 Wellington Street, Room 1161 Ontario Regional Office Ottawa, Ontario 130 King Street West, Suite 3400 K1A 0H8 Toronto, Ontario M5X 1K6 Per: Robert Frater Per: Marianne Zoric Jeanette Gevikoglu Telephone: 613-957-4763 Fax: 613-954-1920 Telephone: 416 954-8046 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 416-973-3112 Fax: 416 954-8982 Agent for the Intervener Email: [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener ORIGINAL TO: THE REGISTRAR AND TO: BERESH ALONEISSI O'NEILL SUPREME ADVOCACY LLP HURLEY O'KEEFE MILLSAP 340 Gilmour Street, Suite 100 300 MacLean Block Ottawa, ON K2P 0R3 10110 - 107 Street Edmonton, Alberta T5J 1J4 Marie-France Major Steve Fix, Nathan J. Whitling, Tel.: (613) 695-8855 ext. 102 Alex Millman Fax: (613) 695-8580 Email: [email protected] Tel.: (780) 421-4766 Fax: (780) 429-0346 Ottawa Agent for the Appellant, Jeremy Email: [email protected] Peers Counsel for the Appellant, Jeremy Peers 3 WALSH LLP SUPREME ADVOCACY LLP 2800, 801 6th Avenue S.W. 340 Gilmour Street, Suite 100 Calgary, Alberta T2P 4A3 Ottawa, ON K2P 0R3 Brendan Myers Miller Marie-France Major Tel: (403) 267-8467 Tel.: (613) 695-8855 Fax: (403) 264-9400 Fax: (613) 695-8580 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Appellant, Ronald Aitkens Ottawa Agent for Counsel for the Appellant, Ronald Aitkens ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP th 600, 250 – 5 Street S.W. 2600-160 Elgin Street Calgary, Alberta T2P 0R4 Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Lorenz Berner D. Lynne Watt Tel.: (403) 355-3889 Tel.: (613) 786-8695 Fax: (403) 297-7252 Fax: (613) 788-3509 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Respondent, Her Majesty Ottawa Agent for the Respondent, Her the Queen (Alberta Securities Commission) Majesty the Queen (Alberta Securities Commission) ALBERTA JUSTICE – GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP CONSTITUTIONAL LAW DIVISION 2600-160 Elgin Street 400, 9833 – 109 Street Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2E8 D. Lynne Watt Robert Normey Tel.: (613) 786-8695 Tel.: (780) 422-9532 Fax: (613) 788-3509 Fax: (780) 425-0307 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Attorney General of Alberta General of Alberta 4 Attorney General of Ontario Burke-Robertson 720 Bay Street, 4th Floor 200-441 MacLaren Street Toronto, ON M7A 2S9 Ottawa, ON K2P 2H3 Matthew Horner, Jennifer Luong Robert E. Houston, Q.C. Tel: (416) 212-7009 Tel: (613) 236-9665 Fax: (416) 326-4015 Fax: (613) 235-4430 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Attorney General of Ontario General of Ontario McCarthy Tétrault LLP Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP Suite 5300 2600-160 Elgin Street Toronto Dominion Bank Tower Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Toronto, ON M5K 1E6 Darryl A. Cruz, Brandon Kain Jeffrey W. Beedell Byron Shaw, Atrisha Lewis Tel: (613) 786-0171 Tel: (416) 601-8200 Fax: (613) 788-3587 Fax: (416) 868-0673 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Canadian Counsel for the Intervener, Canadian Constitution Foundation Constitution Foundation Ontario Securities Commission Conway Baxter Wilson LLP 20 Queen Street West, 22nd Floor 400 - 411 Roosevelt Avenue Toronto, ON M5H 3S8 Ottawa, ON K2A 3X9 Hugh Craig Colin S. Baxter Tel: (416) 593-8259 Tel: (613) 780-2012 Fax: (416) 593-2319 Fax: (613) 688-0271 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ontario Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Ontario Securities Commission Securities Commission 5 Stockwoods LLP Power Law TD North Tower, Toronto-Dominion Centre 1103-130 Albert Street 4130-77 King Street West Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Toronto, ON M5K 1H1 David Taylor Gerald Chan, Nader R. Hasan Tel: (613) 702-5563 Tel: (416) 593-1617 Fax: (613) 702-5563 Fax: (416) 593-9345 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, British Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, British Columbia Civil Liberties Association Columbia Civil Liberties Association Procureur général du Québec Noël & Associés 1200, Route de l'Église, 2ème étage 111, rue Champlain Québec, QC G1V 4M1 Gatineau, QC J8X 3R1 Sylvain Leboeuf Pierre Landry Tel: (418) 643-1477 Ext: 21010 Tel: (819) 771-7393 Fax: (418) 644-7030 F: (819) 771-5397 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Attorney General of Quebec General of Quebec Goldblatt Partners LLP Goldblatt Partners LLP 1100-20 Dundas Street West 500-30 Metcalfe St. Toronto, ON M5G 2G8 Ottawa, ON K1P 5L4 Marlys A. Edwardh, Adriel Weaver Colleen Bauman Tel: (416) 979-4380 Tel: (613) 482-2463 Fax: (416) 979-4430 Fax: (613) 235-3041 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Canadian Civil Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Canadian Liberties Association Civil Liberties Association i TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I – STATEMENT OF FACTS ............................................................................................. 1 A. Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1 B. Facts and Legislative Scheme .......................................................................................... 1 PART II – POINTS IN ISSUE ....................................................................................................... 2 PART III – ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................... 2 A. Preliminary Point .............................................................................................................. 2 B. Section 11(f): AGC’s Proposed Interpretation ................................................................. 3 1. “More Severe Punishment” Must Be Assessed Through the Lens of Liberty ................. 3 2. Section 11(f) – Clear Basis on Which to Determine if Right is Triggered ...................... 3 3. Purpose and Context Support AGC’s Position ................................................................ 7 PART IV – COSTS ....................................................................................................................... 10 PART V – ORDER SOUGHT ...................................................................................................... 10 PART VI – TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ..................................................................................... 11 A. Charter, Statutes, and Regulations ................................................................................. 11 B. Jurisprudence .................................................................................................................. 11 C. Secondary Sources ......................................................................................................... 12 D. Government Documents ................................................................................................. 12 E. Non-Canadian Statutes and Authorities ......................................................................... 12 1 PART I – STATEMENT OF FACTS A. OVERVIEW 1. The Charter does not guarantee the right to a jury trial for every offence. The right guaranteed in s. 11(f) is only triggered when the maximum punishment for the offence is imprisonment for five years or a more severe punishment. The Constitution draws a line and provides an objective standard. By referencing the physical imprisonment of the accused for at least five years, s. 11(f) draws the line where the individual’s liberty interest is implicated in a more serious fashion. 2. A fine, by itself, is not “a more severe” punishment than imprisonment. Nor should the potential imposition of a fine in addition to a period of imprisonment of less than five years trigger the right to a jury trial. Section 11(f) does not refer to an additional punishment, but rather “a more severe” one than five years imprisonment. By contrast, the imposition of a fine does not even implicate the liberty interest. It is not “more severe” than imprisonment. Characterizing a fine— whether combined with imprisonment or otherwise—as creating a more severe punishment ignores the clear demarcation
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