DOCSLIB.ORG

Botanica Lithuanica 2016, 22(2): 153–160

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Botanica Lithuanica 2016, 22(2): 153–160 10.1515/botlit-2016-0016 BOTANICA LITHUANICA ISSN 2029-932X 2016, 22(2): 153–160 NEW ALIEN PLANT SPECIES RECORDED IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF LATVIA Zigmantas Gu d ž i n s k a s *, Lukas Pe t r u l a i t i s Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Gudžinskas Z., Petrulaitis L., 2016: New alien plant species recorded in the southern regions of Latvia [Pieti- niuose Latvijos rajonuose aptiktos naujos svetimžemės augalų rūšys]. – Bot. Lith., 22(2): 153–160. Alien plants are one of the most dynamic and rapidly changing components of flora. Many intentionally intro- duced plants, which formerly were in cultivation only, now are increasingly found escaped and occur in ant- hropogenic or seminatural habitats. During field investigations in the southern districts of Latvia in 2014–2016, six new alien plant species were recorded: Allium nutans, Hylotelephium spectabile, Solidago ×niederederi, Symphyotrichum dumosum, S. lanceolatum and S. novae-angliae. To date, four species, Allium nutans, Hylote- lephium spectabile, Symphyotrichum dumosum and S. novae-angliae, occur as casual aliens in Latvia. Solidago ×niederederi should be ascribed to the group of established species, whereas Symphyotrichum lanceolatum has naturalized and is potentially invasive. Notes on morphology and identification of species as well as characte- ristics of the recorded populations are discussed. A note on 20 other alien plant species recorded in wastelands, abandoned meadows and unused arable fields in the south-western part of Daugavpils city is also provided. Keywords: anthropogenic habitats, invasive species, naturalization, populations. INTRODUCTION degradation of natural habitats and transformation of native vegetation, thus facilitating the spread of alien Alien plant species are one of the most dynamic plant species. and rapidly changing components of flora, and stud- Reduction of negative impact of invasive alien ies on their immigration, naturalization and spread plant species on ecosystems and biodiversity is a are essential to diminish potential negative conse- task of the uttermost importance. The first step to quences (KOWARI K , 2008). Nowadays, large numbers achieve this task is prevention or early eradication of intentionally introduced plants, formerly being of alien species before they became widespread and only in cultivation, are increasingly found escaped caused significant changes in ecosystems (LEVINE et and occur in various human-made, disturbed or semi- al., 2003; ANDREU & VILÁ , 2011). Thus, constant sur- natural habitats (PERGL et al., 2016). vey and detection of newly arrived alien plants is the Alien plant species comprise 33% of the vascu- main source of information to reveal potentially dan- lar plant flora of Latvia (GAVRILOVA & ŠULCS , 1999; gerous species and make decisions for their control. PRIEDE , 2009). Though the diversity of vascular plants in Latvia is well studied, the diversity of al- MATERIALS AND METHODS ien plants constantly increases, and further increase should be expected in the future. The strengthening Field studies were conducted in the southern dis- impact of urbanization and development of transport tricts of Latvia (Tērvete, Vecumnieki, Daugavpils infrastructure, changes in land use and transforma- municipalities) in September 2014 and 2016. Herbar- tion of landscape and climate changes promote the ium specimens of the described and other collected 153 Gu d ž i n s k a s Z., Pe t r u l a i t i s l. alien plant species were deposited at the Herbarium Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba of the Institute of Botany of the Nature Research (Sedum spectabile Boreau). This species is native to Centre (BILAS) in Vilnius. The nomenclature of China and Korea (Fu & oh B a , 2001). In the native plant taxa is presented after Br o u i l l e t et al. (2006), range, it grows on rocky slopes of low mountains and Ji e m e i & ka m e l i n (2000), FU & OHBA (2001) and at forest margins. Hylotelephium spectabile is widely Pl i s Z k o (2015). The most frequently used synonyms cultivated as an ornamental plant (EGGLI , 2003). In are also provided. Alien plant species are arranged in Lithuania, it was recorded for the first time in 1999 alphabetical order. The text of the herbarium speci- as escaped from cultivation and was considered as men labels is provided. Geographical co-ordinates casual (Gu d ž i n s k a s , 2000). Data on the occurrence are indicated according to WGS 1984 standard. of this species in the region of Daugavpils (FA- t a r e , 1989; ru t k o v s k a & Ze i ļ a , 2009) as well as in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION other regions of Latvia (GAVRILOVA & ŠULCS , 1999; Pr i e d ī t i s , 2014) are absent. Allium nutans L. This species is native to East Three clumps of H. spectabile were found in an Russia (West and East Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mon- abandoned cultivated meadow and in a rubbish heap golia and North-West China (VVEDENS K II , 1968; JIE - in the southern part of Daugavpils. m e i & ka m e l i n , 2000). In the native range, A. nutans Hylotelephium spectabile in Latvia should be grows in steppes, dry and damp meadows, on stony ascribed to the group of casual aliens, however, slopes. In Europe, this species is frequently culti- as many other species of the Crassulaceae family vated for ornamental purposes and as a vegetable (Gu d ž i n s k a s , 1999; ru t k o v s k a & Ze i ļ a , 2009; GED - (ka m e n e t s k y & Fr i t s c h , 2002). In Lithuania and Es- ERAAS et al., 2012) it can easily become established, tonia, A. nutans has not been reported so far. but its invasion is hardly possible. A group of plants occupying a total of 0.3 m2 Examined specimen. Daugavpils, the south- area were recorded in an abandoned mesic cultivated western part of the city, to the southwest from Gulbju meadow. Four clearly defined dense clumps ofA. nu- Str., in an abandoned cultivated meadow, three small tans were separated by 0.5–1 m distance. One of the clumps; 55.867298 N, 26.491540 E; 24 September clumps was with five inflorescences. At the end of 2016, leg. et det. Z. Gudžinskas. September, the seeds were already ripe and a part of capsules were opened and shed the seeds. This spe- Solidago ×niederederi Khek. This is a natural cies should be ascribed to the group of casual aliens hybrid between the alien S. canadensis L. s. l. and in Latvia, however, it has a potential to become lo- the native S. virgaurea L. s. str. In recent years, it has cally established. Allium nutans is cultivated quite been increasingly found in several European countries often, it also can be found in other localities escaped (NILSSON , 1976; st a c e , 1991; ot t o et al., 2005; Pl i s Z - from cultivation with garden wastes. K O , 2013, 2015; Gu d ž i n s k a s & žalneravičius , 2016; Allium nutans is a perennial plant with solitary or ka r P a v i č i e n ė & ra d u š i e n ė , 2016; Pl i s Z k o & paired conical bulbs, attached to a horizontal or slightly Za l e w s k a -Ga ł o s Z , 2016, etc.). In Lithuania, ascending stout rhizome. Scape is 30–60 cm long, with S. ×niederederi is quite frequent in mixed popula- two usually winged ribs in upper part. The number of tions of S. canadensis and S. virgaurea (Gu d ž i n s k a s leaves is 6–8, they are flat, glaucous, 8–15 mm broad. & žalneravičius , 2016; ka r P a v i č i e n ė & Umbel spherical, rarely sub-spherical, drooping before ra d u š i e n ė , 2016). flowering. Perianth is pale red or pale purple (VVEDEN - Two stands of S. ×niederederi were recorded on S K II , 1968; Ji e m e i & ka m e l i n , 2000). the southern edge of Daugavpils. The distance be- Examined specimen. Daugavpils, the south- tween these stands was about 0.5 km. The first stand western part of the city, to the southwest from Gul- of S. ×niederederi included three mature generative bju Str., in an abandoned cultivated meadow, four individuals. Two clumps were quite small, having clumps occupying the area of 0.3 m2; 55.866334 N, three and four generative shoots, respectively, where- 26.485798 E; 24 September 2016, leg. et det. as the third clump was larger, with 17 generative and Z. Gudžinskas and L. Petrulaitis. three vegetative shoots. The second stand consisted 154 New alien plant species recorded in the southern regions of Latvia of seven individuals that had from one to three gen- the shape of vegetative shoots. At the anthesis or lat- erative shoots and only one individual was with one er, an individual of S. ×niederederi frequently forms vegetative shoot. Thus, we suppose that the plants in one or several vegetative shoots that have at the apex the second stand were younger than the plants in the densely crowded leaves in the form of pseudo-rosette first one, and both stands were a result of separate (Gu d ž i n s k a s & žalneravičius , 2016). events of hybridization. Because S. ×niederederi is a result of hybridiza- This hybrid can be easily distinguished from the tion between native and alien species, according to parental species by the shape of the synflorescence, the concept by Py š e k et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • C14 Asters.Sym-Xan
    COMPOSITAE PART FOUR Symphyotrichum to Xanthium Revised 1 April 2015 SUNFLOWER FAMILY 4 COMPOSITAE Symphyotrichum Vernonia Tetraneuris Xanthium Verbesina Notes SYMPHYOTRICHUM Nees 1833 AMERICAN ASTER Symphyotrichum New Latin, from Greek symphysis, junction, & trichos, hair, referring to a perceived basal connation of bristles in the European cultivar used by Nees as the type, or from Greek symphyton, neuter of symphytos, grown together. A genus of approximately Copyrighted Draught 80 spp of the Americas & eastern Asia, with the greatest diversity in the southeastern USA (according to one source). Cook Co, Illinois has 24 spp, the highest spp concentration in the country. See also Aster, Eurybia, Doellingeria, Oclemena, & Ionactis. X = 8, 7, 5, 13, 18, & 21. Density gradient of native spp for Symphyotrichum within the US (data 2011). Darkest green (24 spp. Cook Co, IL) indicates the highest spp concentration. ©BONAP Symphyotrichum X amethystinum (Nuttall) Nesom AMETHYST ASTER, Habitat: Mesic prairie. Usually found close to the parents. distribution - range: Culture: Description: Comments: status: phenology: Blooms 9-10. “This is an attractive aster with many heads of blue or purple rays; rarer white and pink-rayed forms also occur. … Disk flowers are perfect and fertile; ray flowers are pistillate and fertile.” (ILPIN) VHFS: Formerly Aster X amethystinus Nutt. Hybrid between S novae-angliae & S ericoides. This is a possible hybrid of Aster novae-angliae and Aster ericoides, or of A. novae-angliae and A. praealtus” (Ilpin) Symphyotrichum X amethystinum Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelmann) GL Nesom BLUE ASTER, aka LIMESTONE HEART-LEAF ASTER, MANY RAY ASTER, MANYRAY ASTER, MANY-RAYED ASTER, subgenus Symphyotrichum Section Cordifolii Copyrighted Draught Habitat: Dry woods.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Wholesale Catalog
    2020 Wholesale Catalog Production Facilities: Brodhead, WI | Baldwin City, KS 2 | Taylor Creek Restoration Nurseries | www.taylorcreeknurseries.com The highest-quality native, local-genotype plants and seed. With three decades of experience in growing native plants, Taylor Creek Restoration Nurseries is a leader in native plant propagation. With production facilities in southern Wisconsin and eastern Kansas, Taylor Creek supplies the entire Midwest and beyond. Our staff members have degrees in horticulture, reclamation, conservation, and land-use planning. Just as important as the diplomas, our people are passionately dedicated to the promotion and use of native species. 17921 W Smith Rd, PO Box 256 224 E 1260 Rd Brodhead, WI 53520 Baldwin City, KS 66006 P (608) 897-8641 | F (608) 897-2044 P (785) 594-2245 | F (785) 594-2250 E [email protected] E [email protected] TaylorTaylor CreekCreek RestorationRestoration NurseriesNurseries || www.taylorcreeknurseries.comwww.restorationnurseries.com | 3 Philosophy and Mission Taylor Creek Restoration Nurseries is dedicated to the genetic preservation and production of the highest-quality, native, local genotype plants of the Midwest. What are Native, Local-Genotype Species? “Native” merely means the species was natural to the area before European settlement. “Local-genotype” means the strain is adapted to the area in which it is found. This is a very important detail. Just because Panicum virgatum (Switch grass) is native to your area doesn’t mean the genotype of a particular seed is properly “local”. We can probably agree that a genotype from Texas isn’t the same as one from Minnesota – even if the species is the same – and you probably don’t want to plant it in your Minnesota prairie.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildflowers and Ferns Along the Acton Arboretum Wildflower Trail and in Other Gardens FERNS (Including Those Occurring Naturally
    Wildflowers and Ferns Along the Acton Arboretum Wildflower Trail and In Other Gardens Updated to June 9, 2018 by Bruce Carley FERNS (including those occurring naturally along the trail and both boardwalks) Royal fern (Osmunda regalis): occasional along south boardwalk, at edge of hosta garden, and elsewhere at Arboretum Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea): naturally occurring in quantity along south boardwalk Interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana): naturally occurring in quantity along south boardwalk Maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum): several healthy clumps along boardwalk and trail, a few in other Arboretum gardens Common polypody (Polypodium virginianum): 1 small clump near north boardwalk Hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula): aggressive species; naturally occurring along north boardwalk Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum): occasional along wildflower trail; common elsewhere at Arboretum Broad beech fern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera): up to a few near north boardwalk; also in rhododendron and hosta gardens New York fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis): naturally occurring and abundant along wildflower trail * Ostrich fern (Matteuccia pensylvanica): well-established along many parts of wildflower trail; fiddleheads edible Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis): naturally occurring and abundant along south boardwalk Lady fern (Athyrium filix-foemina): moderately present along wildflower trail and south boardwalk Common woodfern (Dryopteris spinulosa): 1 patch of 4 plants along south boardwalk; occasional elsewhere at Arboretum Marginal
    [Show full text]
  • Cardno Native Plant Nursery
    Native Plant Nursery Price List ORDERS & INQUIRIES Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm (EST) Phone: 574 586 2412 Fax: 574 586 2718 www.cardnonativeplantnursery.com [email protected] Minimum Order: Plants: $150 minimum, full flat quantities per species. Seed mixes: 0.25 acre minimum for standard Cardno NPN mixes, $150 minimum for custom seed mixes. Individually bagged seed: $150 minimum, $5.00 per line item. A $1 per species bagging and labeling fee may be applied. Seed Testing: Seed is sold on a PLS (Pure Live Seed) basis. Individual seed test results may be provided after the order has been picked, for an additional fee. Additional certifications/inspections (DOT, state agencies) will be charged $100 per mix. Sizes & Pricing: Plug – Prices are per plug, sold in full-flat quantities of 32, 50, or 72 (dependent on species). 32s are square (2 ½” x 3”); 50s are square-tapered (2” x 5”); 72’s are square-tapered (1.6” x 2.4”) Quart – Prices are per pot. Quarts measure 4.2” square, 4.9” tall #1 Gallon – Prices are per pot. Trade gallons measure 6 3/8” diameter, 7 ¼” tall. Bare-root herbaceous – Prices are per rhizome. Size varies by species and season. Bare-root tree/shrub – Prices are per seedling. Sold in bundles of 25. Standard grade is 12” -18” from the root collar. Taller grades available upon request; call or email for pricing and availability. Ounce – Price is per PLS ounce of seed. Liners and other container sizes are available for contract growing. Call for pricing and availability.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Vascular Flora of Louisiana-Identified in the Wholesale Nursery Trade 26-May, 2020 Version 1.7 Prepared by Brian Sean Ea
    List of Vascular Flora of Louisiana‐Identified in the Wholesale Nursery Trade Prepared by Brian Sean Early, Botanist, LDWF‐WDP 26‐May, 2020 Version 1.7 Notes about this document: ‐ This document should be considered incomplete and under perpetually development as new species become available and new information is identified. ‐ All taxonomic treatments may not be current. ‐ Color abbreviations yellow = Y, red = R, orange = O, green = G, blue/indigo = B, lavender/purple = PL, pink = PK, brown = BR, maroon = M, black = BK, green/tawny = GT ‐ Plant density levels indicate the density range of each species as in nature. This can be used as a guide during garden planning to aid in the determination of the amount of space and number of plants one may need to fill that space. See graphic and 1 2 3 4 5 Barrier Holes Hickory Hickory Bogs Flats Marshes Streams ‐ ‐ Flats Chenier Saturated) & Level Level Level Level Level Woodlands Forests te & ric) & us hes n riod Flatwoods ts pressions F ak ak a and airie ie ist latwoods idges P Pot opes ests s s h n en lor s & or & ardwood ardwood vannas D Dunes olor airies arshes ests esic) xeric) B Baygalls evee nds nds s dlands y P w Prairies Sw mesic) Swamps ps m e Fl (x Oa Oa ‐ Le Co Slo Ha Ha Pra ‐ ‐ Sun Per Dep Ma Pra Sun & Sav Flat Col & Low (me Fore High Moi Colo and Fore Family Scientific Name Common Name Plant Form & (hyd Prairi Pine Marsh and Dry Wood ‐ Seeps Shade to Islands Forests Forests pH Pine Pine Full pH and Swamp Part (xeric (mostly Prairie Stream Ridges Density Density Density Density Density
    [Show full text]
  • Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory
    Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory New York Natural Heritage Program Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory Established in 1985, the New York Natural Heritage NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an Program (NYNHP) is a program of the State University of online tool for invasive species reporting and data New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry management. (SUNY ESF). Our mission is to facilitate conservation of NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable rare animals, rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We online resources: Conservation Guides include the accomplish this mission by combining thorough field biology, identification, habitat, and management of many inventories, scientific analyses, expert interpretation, and the of New York’s rare species and natural community most comprehensive database on New York's distinctive types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and biodiversity to deliver the highest quality information for communities in a specified area of interest. natural resource planning, protection, and management. The program is an active participant in the The Program is funded by grants and contracts from NatureServe Network – an international network of government agencies whose missions involve natural biodiversity data centers overseen by a Washington D.C. resource management, private organizations involved in based non-profit organization. There are currently land protection and stewardship, and both government and Natural Heritage Programs or Conservation Data private organizations interested in advancing the Centers in all 50 states and several interstate regions. conservation of biodiversity. There are also 10 programs in Canada, and many NY Natural Heritage is housed within NYS DEC’s participating organizations across 12 Latin and South Division of Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B. Plant Species Detected in Sampling Locations
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Community Monitoring at Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/707 ON THE COVER Bright blue fruits of silky dogwood (Cornus amomum) at Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area. Photograph by: Sarah C. Heath, SECN Botanist. Vegetation Community Monitoring at Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/707 Sarah Corbett Heath1 Michael W. Byrne2 1USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network Cumberland Island National Seashore 101 Wheeler Street Saint Marys, Georgia 31558 2USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network 135 Phoenix Road Athens, Georgia 30605 October 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Seed Banks a Means of Restoration?
    University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1-1-2011 Response of riparian plant communities to hydrological alteration: Are seed banks a means of restoration? Siobhan Boyer Gorham University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Gorham, Siobhan Boyer, "Response of riparian plant communities to hydrological alteration: Are seed banks a means of restoration?" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1348. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/1348 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RESPONSE OF RIPARIAN PLANT COMMUNITIES TO HYDROLOGICAL ALTERATION: ARE SEED BANKS A MEANS OF RESTORATION? A Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Biology The University of Mississippi Siobhan Gorham May 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Siobhan Gorham All rights reserved ABSTRACT The effects of anthropogenic modifications of stream systems on in situ plant community composition and seed bank composition were examined at five riparian sites in the Yazoo River watershed in northern Mississippi. This analysis was performed to determine if the soil seed bank can provide a means for the restoration of riparian floodplain plant communities. The study sites represented five different kinds of hydrological alteration: a highly incised riparian terrace isolated from the stream channel, a deforested original stream with reduced flow due to channelization and standing water due to levees, a forested original stream with reduced flow due to channelization, a stream above a reservoir, and a stream below an embankment dam.
    [Show full text]
  • Bushy Aster (Symphyotrichum Dumosum)
    aster miner bee (Andrena asteroides) x 3 Bushy Aster Symphyotrichum dumosum Family: Asteraceae Genus: Symphyotrichum Species: dumosum Average Height: 36 inches Bloom Time: Late August - October Elevation Range: All elevations of the Piedmont. Infrequent in the mountains and mostly at lower elevations. Geologic/Soil Associations: A generalist, occurring over various substrates; fond of mineral-rich clayey soils. Soil Drainage Class and Moisture Regime: poorly-drained to well-drained: Somewhat xeric to sub-hygric (wet for a significant part of growing season). Light and Aspect: Full sun to part sun. Flat, East, South, and West. Habitat Associations: In various dry, alternately wet and dry, and seasonally wet grassland habitats, including ash-hickory woodlands, mafic barrens, wet prairies, hardpan forests, old fields, roadside ditches and banks, powerline rights-of-way, and swamp/marsh margins. Flora Associations: This plant grows in a wide variety of grassland habitats scattered through- out the Piedmont. It is often observed growing with calico aster (S. lateriflorum) and frost aster (S. pilosum), as well as wet prairie species such as wrinkle-leaved goldenrod (Solidago rugosa). Ray florets are pale lavender or At Preddy Creek Park in Albemarle County, VA, one will find it growing in a hilltop ¤ bluish (sometimes white) 6-15 mm. prairie with pasture thistle (Cirsium pumilum), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), and an extraordinary variety of goldenrods (Solidago spp.), thoroughworts (Eupatorium spp.), trefoils (Desmodium spp.), and bush clovers (Lespedeza spp.). The ultramafic woodlands at The Quarry Gardens at Schyuler, VA, is an- other place the plant may be observed. Here it grows with post oak (Quercus stellata), eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis var.
    [Show full text]
  • Meadow Gardens: Grass Landscapes from Seed©
    1 19-B-Marc-Pasteurx-2019 Meadow Gardens: Grass Landscapes from Seed© Marc Pastorek Pastorek Habitats LLC, 72322 Ingram Street, Covington, Louisiana 70435, USA Email: [email protected] SUMMARY Creating native meadow habitat gardens of perennial plant communities grown from seed has been an effective approach for developing sustainable landscape designs in city parks and open spaces. A grassland garden can easily contain fifty or more species. Optimum conditions occasionally yield as many as 15 species per square meter. Manual weeding of the garden is not recommended as this activity causes soil disturbance, which is to be kept to a minimum. Controlled burns reduce weedy species and enhance the growth of fire-tolerant (pyrogenic) species. Using seed from species that originate from similar ecological zones to your general locality will maximize adaptability and resilience of the grassland garden landscape. It is highly desirable to have grass species that establish and compete well in the landscape. Successful seed mixes for the U.S. Gulf Coastal Region include: Andropogon and Schizachirium, along with short-statured Panicums, Dicantheliums, and Paspalums. Grasses are the fabric that flowering plants are woven into. Reconstructing naturalized grassland landscapes is an effective horticultural approach to managing land for biodiversity, and equally important: reconnecting people with nature. 2 Keywords: Grassland landscapes, grass garden landscapes, landscapes from seed, native gardens, natural garden design and management, naturalized gardens, prairie gardening in the Southern U.S., pushy perennials, seed propagation INTRODUCTION The art of creating native meadow habitat gardens composed of perennial plant communities grown from seed - has been an effective approach for developing sustainable landscape designs in city parks and open spaces in the central Gulf coastal region of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • New England Asters and Related Species
    New England Asters and Related Species By Joe Francis, Fairfax Master Gardener Intern Aster is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is a very large family, and some taxonomic order on size control corralled this genus by geographic locations of its group species. The big winner and keeper of the name Aster went to some 180 species located in Eurasia. All good rules have exceptions, and the native species Aster alpinus spp. vierhapperi, found in North America, continues its listing in Asteraceae. It produces single stem inflorescences, can withstand -18.6F and needs 90 frost free days to flower with a strong preference for cool temperatures. The other Aster subspecies found in North America were determined by morphologic and molecular research to be reclassified out of the Aster genus. They remain within the tribe Astereae. This sorting reclassified this group of eight asters into changed genera. The New England Aster, novae-angliae, and seven other Aster species are now catalogued in the genera Symphyotrichum. The transferred genera Symphyotrichum lists these species briefly described as follows: Symphyotrichum cordifolium, blue wood aster, is 3 feet to 5 feet and faded blue to rich blue with yellow centers. Pinch several times before mid-July to tame height. A tough plant. el Harte 2010 Harte el Symphyotrichum dumosum, common names rice rightM button aster and bushy aster. Its height of 3 feet to 5 py feet is managed by pinching before mid-July. There Co are five separate varieties in this species. They were © moved into this distinct genus from New York aster, (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii), after phylogenetic photo: Symphyotricum dumosum analysis.
    [Show full text]