Coalition Agreement 2016 – 2018 Equality Security Development
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The Political Economy of Fiscal Adjustments in the European Union
Instituto Juan March Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales (CEACS) Juan March Institute Center for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences (CEACS) The Political economy of fiscal adjustments in the European Union Author(s): Mulas-Granados, Carlos Year: 2003 Type Thesis (doctoral) University: Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2003. City: Madrid Number of pages: xii, 396 p. Abstract: Desde un enfoque de economía política esta tesis da respuesta a las tres siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿Qué factores económicos y políticos explican que los ajustes fiscales ocurran en un determinado momento; 2) ¿Qué factores explican las diferencias observadas en diferentes países europeos relativas a la duración y la composición de sus estrategias de consolidación presupuestaria?; 3) ¿Qué consecuencias económicas y políticas tiene la aplicación de unas u otras estrategias de ajuste fiscal? La metodología aplicada para la resolución de estas cuestiones combina en un modelo teórico de economía política presupuestaria las interacciones entre variables económicas (deuda, ciclo, condiciones monetarias, nivel de precios y empleo) y variables políticas (fragmentación de los gobiernos, ideología económica y cercanía de las elecciones). Las hipótesis del modelo son comprobadas empíricamente con técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas con datos de panel y estudios de caso, para la muestra de quince países miembros de la Unión Europea entre 1960–2000. Las principales conclusiones de la tesis son las siguientes: la acumulación de deuda pública y el ciclo económico afectan a la probabilidad de lanzar un ajuste fiscal, mientras que la fragmentación del gobierno y el calendario electoral son variables que afectan de manera más importante a la duración de esos ajustes. -
15 AY2019 Rasmussen.Pdf
Roskilde University The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post-independence national defense and security policy Rasmussen, Rasmus Kjærgaard Published in: Arctic Yearbook Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Rasmussen, R. K. (2019). The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post-independence national defense and security policy . Arctic Yearbook, 2019, 287-304. https://arcticyearbook.com/images/yearbook/2019/Scholarly-Papers/15_AY2019_Rasmussen.pdf General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 The desecuritization of Greenland’s security? How the Greenlandic self-government envision post- independence national defense and security policy Rasmus Kjærgaard Rasmussen President Trump’s “offer” to purchase Greenland has placed the country at the heart of world affairs and great power rivalry in the Arctic. -
University of Copenhagen FACULTY of SOCIAL SCIENCES Faculty of Social Sciences UNIVERSITY of COPENHAGEN · DENMARK PHD DISSERTATION 2019 · ISBN 978-87-7209-312-3
Arctic identity interactions Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies Jacobsen, Marc Publication date: 2019 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Jacobsen, M. (2019). Arctic identity interactions: Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies. Download date: 11. okt.. 2021 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE university of copenhagen FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES faculty of social sciences UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN · DENMARK PHD DISSERTATION 2019 · ISBN 978-87-7209-312-3 MARC JACOBSEN Arctic identity interactions Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies and Denmark’s Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s identity interactions Arctic Arctic identity interactions Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies PhD Dissertation 2019 Marc Jacobsen DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE university of copenhagen FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES faculty of social sciences UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN · DENMARK PHD DISSERTATION 2019 · ISBN 978-87-7209-312-3 MARC JACOBSEN Arctic identity interactions Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies and Denmark’s Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s identity interactions Arctic Arctic identity interactions Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies PhD Dissertation 2019 Marc Jacobsen Arctic identity interactions Reconfiguring dependency in Greenland’s and Denmark’s foreign policies Marc Jacobsen PhD Dissertation Department of Political Science University of Copenhagen September 2019 Main supervisor: Professor Ole Wæver, University of Copenhagen. Co-supervisor: Associate Professor Ulrik Pram Gad, Aalborg University. -
Master Thesis
MASTER THESIS Titel der Master Thesis / Title of the Master’s Thesis „Opportunities and Limits for a Non-Sovereign Nation on the International Stage: The Case of the Faroe Islands“ verfasst von / submitted by Rósa Heinesen angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Advanced International Studies (M.A.I.S.) Wien 2018 / Vienna 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt A 992 940 Postgraduate programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Universitätslehrgang lt. Studienblatt Internationale Studien / International Studies Postgraduate programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Professor Arthur R. Rachwald 1 Abstract: Through an historical and International Relations point of view, the thesis investigates the options available for the non-sovereign Faroe Islands to expand their political presence and participation in the international arena, without secession from the Kingdom of Denmark. With reference to paradiplomacy theory, the study is guided by the multi response questionnaire technique, providing an outline of historical tendencies combined with current dispositions of Faroese and Danish authorities. The study finds that Danish arguments against the possibility of further Faroese autonomy in foreign affairs are inconsistent from an historical perspective, and that current external factors, such as the growing global focus on the Arctic, are prompting Danish politicians to consider options previously deemed impossible. Together, these findings represent a momentum, which the Faroe Islands may take advantage of to demand change. Key words: Faroe Islands, Paradiplomacy, Kingdom of Denmark, International Relations, Foreign Policy Zusammenfassung: Unter Berücksichtigung historischer und internationaler Beziehungen untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die vorhandenen Möglichkeiten der nicht-souveränen Färöer Inseln ihre politische Bedeutung auf der internationalen Ebene auszubauen, ohne dadurch die Abspaltung vom Dänischen Königreichs voranzutreiben. -
NAALAKKERSU ISUT Medlem Af Inatsisartut for Partii Naleraq, Hans
Aningaasaqarnermut Nunanilu Avannarlerni suleqatigiinnermut NAALAKKERSU ISUT Naalakkersuisoq Naalakkersuisoq for Finanser og Nordisk Samarbejde GOVERNMENT OF GREENLAND ~ () Medlem af Inatsisartut for Partii Naleraq, Hans Enoksen Bureau for Inatsisartut Her Svar på § 37 spørgsmål nr. 2019/106 om eventuel udflytning af virksomheder og Brevdato: 07-03-2019 Sags nr. 2019-5923 organisationer fra Nuuk. P. O. Box 1037 Kære Hans Enoksen 3900 Nuuk Tel. (+299) 345000 Fax (+299) 34 63 50 Du har i henhold til § 37 i Inatsisartuts Forretningsorden stillet spørgsmål til E-mail: [email protected] Naalakkersuisut om eventuel udflytning af virksomheder og organisationer fra Nuuk. www.naalakkersuisut.gl Dine spørgsmål er henvist til min besvarelse. Spørgsmålene lyder: 1. Befolkningsejet virksomheder, uddannelsesinstitutioner, etc. har med Siumut i spidsen haft det holdning, at disse skal generelt set decentraliseres til hele kysten. Er dette også den nuværende politik for Naalakkersuisut, og hvad er status? Hvis politikken er ændret, bedes begrundelsen deraf den politiske ændring uddybet. Svar. Naalakkersuisuts udgangspunkt for den førte politik i denne valgperiode tager afsæt i den gældende koalitionsaftale samt de parlamentariske muligheder for at føre denne politik ud i praksis, blandt andet som led i de prioriteringer, der er nødvendige som led i den årlige vedtagelse affinansloven i Inatsisartut. Koalitionsaftalen og finanslovsaftalen for 2019, som et bredt flertal i Inatsisartut står bag, rummer ikke et generelt mål om at udflytte virksomheder eller institutioner fra Nuuk. Derimod rummer såvel koalitionsaftalen som finanslovsaftalen konkrete mål og forslag, som skal styrke Selvstyrets aktiviteter uden for Nuuk. Det gælder blandt på uddannelsesområdet og med etableringen af nye lufthavne. Det er Naalakkersuisuts udgangspunkt, at såfremt en eventuel udflytning af en given virksomhed eller institution på et tidspunkt skal finde sted, forudsætter det en konkret beslutning derom, ud fra et solidt beslutningsoplæg i hvert enkelt tilfælde. -
Factsheet: the Danish Folketinget
Directorate-General for the Presidency Directorate for Relations with National Parliaments Factsheet: The Danish Folketinget 1. At a glance Denmark is a Constitutional Monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The Folketinget is a unicameral Parliament composed of 179 Members. The two self-governing regions, Greenland and the Faeroe Islands, each elect two Members. Of the other 175 Members, 135 are elected from ten multi-Member constituencies on a party list, proportional representation system using the d'Hondt method. The remaining 40 seats are allocated to ensure proportionality at a national level. Elections of the Folketinget must take place every four years, unless the Monarch, on the advice of the Prime Minister, calls for early elections. The general election on 5 June 2019 gave the "Red Bloc" a parliamentary majority in support of Social Democrats leader Mette Frederiksen as Prime Minister. The coalition comprises the Social Democrats, the Social Liberals, Socialist People's Party, the Red– Green Alliance, the Faroese Social Democratic Party and the Greenlandic Siumut, and won 93 of the 179 seats. The Government, announced on 27 June, is a single-party government. 2. Composition Results of the Folketinget elections on 5 June 2019 Party EP affiliation % Seats Socialdemokraterne (Social Democrats) 25,9% 48 Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti) (V) (Liberals) 23,45% 43 Dansk Folkeparti (DF) (Danish People's Party) 8,7% 16 Det Radikale Venstre (Danish Social Liberal Party) 8,6% 16 Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF) (Socialist People's Party) 7,7% 14 Red-Green Alliance (Enhedslisten) 13 6,9% Det Konservative Folkeparti (Conservative People's Party) 6,6% 12 The Alternative (Alternativet) 3% 5 The New Right (Nye Borgerlige) 2,4% 4 Liberal Alliance (Liberal Alliance) 2,3% 4 Others <1 % 0 Faroe Islands Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) 28,8% 1 Javnaðarflokkurin (Social Democratic Party) 25,5% 1 Greenland Inuit Ataqatigiit (Inuit Community) 33,4% 1 Siumut 29,4% 1 Forward 179 Turnout: 84.6% 3. -
Greenland Last Ice Area
kn Greenland Last Ice Area Potentials for hydrocarbon and mineral resources activities Mette Frost, WWF-DK Copenhagen, September 2014 Report Greenland Last Ice Area. Potentials for hydrocarbon and mineral resources activities. The report is written by Mette Frost, WWF Verdensnaturfonden. Published by WWF Verdensnaturfonden, Svanevej 12, 2400 København NV. Denmark. Phone +45 3536 3635 – E-mail: [email protected] WWF Global Arctic Programme, 275 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5L4. Canada. Phone: +1 613 232 2535 Project The report has been developed under the Last Ice Area project, a joint project between WWF Canada, WWF Denmark and WWF Global Arctic Programme. Other WWF reports on Greenland – Last Ice Area Greenland Last Ice Area. Scoping study: socioeconomic and socio-cultural use of the Greenland LIA. By Pelle Tejsner, consultant and PhD. and Mette Frost, WWF-DK. November 2012. Seals in Greenland – an important component of culture and economy. By Eva Garde, WWF-DK. November 2013. Front page photo: Yellow house in Kullorsuaq, Qaasuitsup Kommunia, Greenland. July 2012. Mette Frost, WWF Verdensnaturfonden. The report can be downloaded from www.wwf.dk [1] CONTENTS Last Ice Area Introduction 4 Last Ice Area / Sikuusarfiit Nunngutaat 5 Last Ice Area/ Den Sidste Is 6 Summary 7 Eqikkaaneq 12 Sammenfatning 18 1. Introduction – scenarios for resources development within the Greenland LIA 23 1.1 Last Ice Area 23 1.2 Geology of the Greenland LIA 25 1.3 Climate change 30 2. Mining in a historical setting 32 2.1 Experiences with mining in Greenland 32 2.2 Resources development to the benefit of society 48 3. -
Greenland's Project Independence
NO. 10 JANUARY 2021 Introduction Greenland’s Project Independence Ambitions and Prospects after 300 Years with the Kingdom of Denmark Michael Paul An important anniversary is coming up in the Kingdom of Denmark: 12 May 2021 marks exactly three hundred years since the Protestant preacher Hans Egede set sail, with the blessing of the Danish monarch, to missionise the island of Greenland. For some Greenlanders that date symbolises the end of their autonomy: not a date to celebrate but an occasion to declare independence from Denmark, after becoming an autonomous territory in 2009. Just as controversial as Egede’s statue in the capital Nuuk was US President Donald Trump’s offer to purchase the island from Denmark. His arrogance angered Greenlanders, but also unsettled them by exposing the shaky foundations of their independence ambitions. In the absence of governmental and economic preconditions, leaving the Realm of the Danish Crown would appear to be a decidedly long-term option. But an ambitious new prime minister in Nuuk could boost the independence process in 2021. Only one political current in Greenland, tice to finances. “In the Law on Self-Govern- the populist Partii Naleraq of former Prime ment the Danes granted us the right to take Minister Hans Enoksen, would like to over thirty-two sovereign responsibilities. declare independence imminently – on And in ten years we have taken on just one National Day (21 June) 2021, the anniver- of them, oversight over resources.” Many sary of the granting of self-government people just like to talk about independence, within Denmark in 2009. -
Human Rights in Greenland Status 2016 Summary in English Summary in English
HUMAN RIGHTS IN GREENLAND STATUS 2016 SUMMARY IN ENGLISH SUMMARY IN ENGLISH Human rights play a role in many different areas. National legislation must comply with international human rights as they apply to Greenland. Likewise, authorities and public institutions must ensure that case handling is in line with Greenland’s human rights obligations. Human rights can be perceived as abstract and unreal for individuals. However, human rights are relevant in the liaison between individuals and for instance local authorities, government agencies, the police or prison services, individuals realise the significance of human rights. The right not to be incarcerated for more than a limited time or the fact that persons with disabilities have the same right as others to access education are examples of topics of human rights relevance. In this report, the Danish Institute for Human Rights and the Human Rights Council of Greenland provide a status of the human rights situation in Greenland 2016 in the following selected areas: 1. Implementation of human rights 2. Children and youth 3. Disability 4. Equal treatment 5. Natural resources 6. Access to justice and loss of liberty 7. Rule of law in local authorities and the self-rule government 8. Dissemination of human rights 9. Education 2 The report provides an overview and raises a number of human rights issues for each area. In addition, we provide an overview of the development of human rights within each area and we give recommendations on how to strengthen human rights in Greenland in these areas. It is our intention to update this report updated regularly and over time include other relevant human rights topics. -
GRU Alm.Del - Bilag 48 Offentligt
Grønlandsudvalget 2020-21 GRU Alm.del - Bilag 48 Offentligt RIGSOMBUDSMANDEN I GRØNLAND Dato: 28. april 2021 Samtlige ministerier mv. Indberetning fra rigsombudsmanden i Grønland Valg i Grønland: IA og Naleraq danner snæver koalition Formand for Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA) Múte B. Egede og formand for Naleraq Hans Enoksen præsenterede 16. april 2021 en koalitionsaftale med titlen ’Solidaritet, stabilitet og vækst’. Koalitionen råder over 16 af Inatsisartuts 31 mandater, men har det lille liberale pro- rigsfællesskabsparti Atassut (to mandater) som støtteparti. Naalakkersuisut blev valgt af Inatsisartut den 23. april. Koalitionsaftalen, (der som bilag har ressortfordeling og ministerliste) er vedhæftet. Koalitionsaftalen har fokus på mennesket og de nære emner. Det hedder i indledningen, at koalitionen vil ”fokusere på befolkningens levevilkår og adgang til sundhed, uddannelse og en sund økonomi. Befolkningens styrke og robusthed er grundlaget for samfundets evne til at stå på egne ben.” Selvstændighedstemaet berøres som en overliggende, langsigtet målsætning, idet det prioriteres at udfylde de eksisterende rammer. Det angives som en målsætning, at der skal skabes stabilitet gennem brede og langsigtede forlig på samfundskritiske områder. Det fremgår af koalitionsaftalen, at det bl.a. er nødvendigt at reformere skattesystemet, og at en sammenhængende reform skal bane vejen for, at det bedre skal kunne betale sig at arbejde. På erhvervsområdet prioriteres det at få afsluttet det mangeårige arbejde med udarbejdelse af ny fiskerilov, og der lægges op til udvikling af råstofområdet, idet koalitionen dog vil arbejde for lovgivning, som forbyder mineraludvinding med radioaktivt materiale. Koalitionen agter at stoppe Kvanefjeldsprojektet. Ny naalakkersuisoq for udenrigsanliggender mv. Pele Broberg har i et interview til avisen Sermitsiaq oplyst, at Naalakkersuisut vil arbejde med ministerstyre. -
An Introduction to Inuit and Chukchi Experiences in the Bering Strait, Beaufort Sea, and Baffin Bay
water Article Crossroads of Continents and Modern Boundaries: An Introduction to Inuit and Chukchi Experiences in the Bering Strait, Beaufort Sea, and Baffin Bay Henry P. Huntington 1,* , Richard Binder Sr. 2, Robert Comeau 3, Lene Kielsen Holm 4, Vera Metcalf 5, Toku Oshima 6, Carla SimsKayotuk 7 and Eduard Zdor 8 1 Ocean Conservancy, Eagle River, AK 99577, USA 2 Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [email protected] 3 Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada; [email protected] 4 Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland; [email protected] 5 Eskimo Walrus Commission, Nome, AK 99762, USA; [email protected] 6 Qaanaaq 3971, Greenland; [email protected] 7 North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management, Kaktovik, AK 99747, USA; [email protected] 8 Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 May 2020; Accepted: 20 June 2020; Published: 24 June 2020 Abstract: The homeland of Inuit extends from Asia and the Bering Sea to Greenland and the Atlantic Ocean. Inuit and their Chukchi neighbors have always been highly mobile, but the imposition of three international borders in the region constrained travel, trade, hunting, and resource stewardship among neighboring groups. Colonization, assimilation, and enforcement of national laws further separated those even from the same family. In recent decades, Inuit and Chukchi have re-established many ties across those boundaries, making it easier to travel and trade with one another and to create new institutions of environmental management. To introduce Indigenous perspectives into the discussion of transboundary maritime water connections in the Arctic, this paper presents personal descriptions of what those connections mean to people who live and work along and across each of the national frontiers within the region: Russia–U.S., U.S.–Canada, and Canada–Greenland. -
Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-Economic Impacts of Mining in Greenland
University of Akureyri School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Law Master‟s Program in Polar Law Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-economic impacts of mining in Greenland Monika Margrét Stefánsdóttir June 2014 University of Akureyri School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Law Master‟s Program in Polar Law Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-economic impacts of mining in Greenland Monika Margrét Stefánsdóttir Master thesis submitted as part of studies for the M.A. – Degree in Polar Law. Akureyri June 2014 Master Thesis Monika Margrét Stefánsdóttir Ha070314 Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-economic impacts of mining in Greenland Joan Nymand Larsen: is hereby approved as part of studies towards the M.A. degree in Polar Law Studies Akureyri in June 2014 Master Degree Examination Committee Members _______________________________________ Joan Nymand Larsen _______________________________________ Hjalti Jóhannesson iii Abstract Changes in the Arctic environment in the last decades are highly relevant to understanding changes in the socio-economic development in the Arctic. The main focus of this thesis will be on those changes, with a certain concentration on the changes in relation to Greenland. The thesis starts out by providing an overview of the physical and historical background of Greenland, followed by an overview of the economy of Greenland and a discussion of the obstacles for economic development. With Self-Government, Greenland is looking for new sources of income. The importance of the mineral sector has grown as it begins to show its potential as this new source. Case studies of four different mines, in three different countries, along with large scale projects in four different countries will be analysed and compared.