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Liliaceae - Coniferae www.e-rara.ch The Silva of North America a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico Liliaceae - Coniferae Sargent, Charles Sprague Boston and New York, MDCCCXCVI [1896] ETH-Bibliothek Zürich Shelf Mark: Rar 9459: 10 Persistent Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-48690 Taxodium. www.e-rara.ch Die Plattform e-rara.ch macht die in Schweizer Bibliotheken vorhandenen Drucke online verfügbar. Das Spektrum reicht von Büchern über Karten bis zu illustrierten Materialien – von den Anfängen des Buchdrucks bis ins 20. Jahrhundert. e-rara.ch provides online access to rare books available in Swiss libraries. The holdings extend from books and maps to illustrated material – from the beginnings of printing to the 20th century. e-rara.ch met en ligne des reproductions numériques d’imprimés conservés dans les bibliothèques de Suisse. L’éventail va des livres aux documents iconographiques en passant par les cartes – des débuts de l’imprimerie jusqu’au 20e siècle. e-rara.ch mette a disposizione in rete le edizioni antiche conservate nelle biblioteche svizzere. La collezione comprende libri, carte geografiche e materiale illustrato che risalgono agli inizi della tipografia fino ad arrivare al XX secolo. Nutzungsbedingungen Dieses Digitalisat kann kostenfrei heruntergeladen werden. Die Lizenzierungsart und die Nutzungsbedingungen sind individuell zu jedem Dokument in den Titelinformationen angegeben. Für weitere Informationen siehe auch [Link] Terms of Use This digital copy can be downloaded free of charge. The type of licensing and the terms of use are indicated in the title information for each document individually. For further information please refer to the terms of use on [Link] Conditions d'utilisation Ce document numérique peut être téléchargé gratuitement. Son statut juridique et ses conditions d'utilisation sont précisés dans sa notice détaillée. Pour de plus amples informations, voir [Link] Condizioni di utilizzo Questo documento può essere scaricato gratuitamente. Il tipo di licenza e le condizioni di utilizzo sono indicate nella notizia bibliografica del singolo documento. Per ulteriori informazioni vedi anche [Link] CONIFERyE. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 149 TAXODIUM . Flowers naked , monoecious , the staminate panicled ; stamens 6 to 8 ; anther -cells 4 to 8 ; the pistillate terminal, solitary ; scales spirally disposed ; ovules 2. Fruit a globose or obovoid woody strobile ripening in one season. Leaves alternate, linear- lanceolate or scale-like, deciduous or subpersistent. Taxodium , Richard, Ann . Mus. xvi. 298 (1810 ). — End- Schubertia , Mirbel, Nouv . Bull . Soc. Philom . iii. 123 licher, Gen. 259. — Meisner, Gen. 352 . — Bentham & (1812 ) . Hooker, Gen. iii. 429 .— Eichler, JEngler & Prantl Pjian - Cuprespinnata , (Nelson) Senilis, Pinaeece , 61 (1866 ) . zenfam . ii. pt. i. 90. — Baillon, Hist . PI . xii. 37. — Mas¬ ters, Jour . Linn . Soc. xxx . 24. Resinous polymorphic trees , with furrowed scaly bark , light brown durable wood, erect , ultimately spreading branches , deciduous , usually distichous lateral branchlets , scaly buds ,1 stout horizontal roots , often producing erect woody projections , and fibrous rootlets . Leaves alternate , subspirally disposed , pale and stomatiferous below on both sides of the obscure midribs , dark green above, linear -lanceolate , spreading distichously , or scale-like and appressed on lateral branchlets , the two forms appearing on the same or on different branches of the same tree or on separate trees , deciduous in the autumn or in the spring . Flowers opening in very early spring from buds formed the previous year , and covered with numerous thin broadly ovate concave scales increasing in size from below upward , or in the autumn . Staminate flowers short -pedicellate or subsessile in the axils of scale-like bracts in long terminal drooping panicles , obovate before anthesis . Stamens from six to eight , distichously opposite on a slender elongated stipe ; filaments slender , abruptly enlarged into broadly ovate eccentrically peltate membranaceous yellow connectives truncate below, bearing at the base on the inner surface in two rows four or five or from six to nine globose two-valved pendulous anther -cells opening on the back longitudinally ; pollen -grains simple. Pistillate flowers scattered near the ends of branches of the previous year , solitary , terminal on abbreviated axillary scaly branchlets , subglobose , composed of numerous ovate spirally imbricated scales long -pointed and spreading at the apex, adnate below to the thickened fleshy ovuliferous scales bearing at their base two erect collateral bottle -shaped orthotropous ovules. Fruit a globose or obovoid short -stalked woody strobile , maturing the first year , and persistent after the escape of the seeds, formed by the enlargement and coalescence of the flower and the ovu¬ liferous scales abruptly dilated from slender stipes into irregularly four -sided thin disks, conspicuously marked when half grown with the reflexed tips of the flower-scales, often mucronulate at maturity , furnished on the inner face, especially on the stipes, with numerous large dark glands filled with blood- red fragrant liquid resin . Seeds in pairs under each scale, attached laterally to the stipe by large pale hilums , erect , unequally three -angled ; testa light brown and lustrous , thick , coriaceous or corky , produced into three thick unequal lateral wings, and below into a slender elongated point . Embryo axile in copious fleshy albumen ; cotyledons from four to nine, shorter than the superior radicle . 1 Taxodium rarely if ever forms a terminal bud in the United ered with linear-lanceolate apiculate green leaf -like scales persist¬ States , the branches being continued by axillary globose buds, usu¬ ent on the base of the branchlet , and inclosed in two broadly ovate ally two in number, produced in summer or autumn in the axils of rounded concave membranaceous scales ; on the branchlets of the the upper scale-like leaves of leading shoots , and covered with year they are produced in the axils of its primary leaves , and in numerous loosely imbricated ovate acute carinate scales accrescent succeeding years usually close to the small elevated scars left by and persistent during the summer on the base of the branchlet . fallen branchlets . (See Henry , Nov . Act. Acad . Cces. Leop. xix . The deciduous lateral branchlets , which continue to appear for 101, t. 14.) three or four years , are developed from minute globose buds , cov¬ 150 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA . CONIFERJE. Taxodium during the miocene and pliocene times flourished in the Arctic Circle, and was widely distributed over central Europe, which it inhabited until the late miocene period, the interior of North America, Kamtschatka, and the Aleutian Islands, but is now confined to the coast region of the southern United States and to Mexico.1 Two species are distinguished ; one is an inhabitant of the United States and the other of the Mexican highlands.2 Taxodium produces wood valued in construction and the arts, and its bark is rich in tannin.3 In the United States Taxodium is not seriously injured by insects 4 or attacked by dangerous fungalo diseases.5 Taxodium can be easily raised from seeds, which germinate at the end of a few weeks. The generic name, from rd£o$ and elhog, indicates the resemblance of the leaves to those of the Yew-tree. 1 Heer, FI. Foss. Arct. 12. — Lesquereux, U. S. Geolog. Surv. Tehuantepec. According to latest measurements, its trunk at five yu . 73 , t . 6 , f . 12 - 14 *. — Saporta , Origine Paleontologique des Arbres , feet from the ground has, in following all its sinuosities, a circum¬ 89.— Zittel, Handb. Paleeontolog. ii. 294. ference of one hundred and forty-six feet, while the actual girth 2 Taxodium mucronulatum, Tenore, Ann. Sci. Nat . sdr. 3, xix. is one hundred and four feet, the greatest diameter forty feet and 355 (1853) (Ind. Sem. Hort. Neap. 1853) ; Mem. Soc. Ital . Modena, the least twenty feet. Its height is one hundred and fifty feet, and xxv. pt. ii. 203, 1. 1, 2.— Parlatore , De Candolle Prodr . xvi. pt. ii. the spread of its branches one hundred and forty-one feet. It is 441. — Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. iii. 185. — K. Koch, Dendr. believed to be two thousand years old. ii. pt. ii. 198. The Cypress of Montezuma, which is the largest of the Cypress- Taxodium distichum, Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. trees in the gardens of Chepultepee, standing near the spring from et Spec. ii. 4 (not Richard) (1817).— Kunth, Syn. PI. JEquin. i. which the water-supply of the Aztec capital was obtained, was a 351. — Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 335. noted tree four centuries ago. It is about one hundred and seventy Taxodium Mexicanum, Carriere , Traite Conif. 147 (1855).— feet high, with a trunk to which different travelers have ascribed a Henkel & Hochstetter , Syn. Nadelh. 261. — Beissner, Handb. circumference varying from forty to nearly fifty feet. It has been Nadelh. 155. estimated that this tree has lived through seven centuries. In the Taxodium distichum Mexicanum, Gordon, Pinetum, 307 (1858). valley of Peopatella a Taxodium with a trunk about twenty feet in The Mexican Bald Cypress, which I have seen growing only in diameter raises its head, now shorn by decay of much of its gran¬ the neighborhood of Monterey in Nuevo Leon, where I was unable deur , high above the little church built to commemorate the battle in which the soldiers of Cortes went down before the Aztec hordes. to distinguish
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