Política, Religión Y Lenguaje En Fernando Vallejo, 1994-2010
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University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2015 La Trinidad Vallejiana: Política, Religión y Lenguaje en Fernando Vallejo, 1994-2010 Oswaldo Ortegon University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ortegon, Oswaldo, "La Trinidad Vallejiana: Política, Religión y Lenguaje en Fernando Vallejo, 1994-2010" (2015). Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies. 19. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/19 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. 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Oswaldo Ortegon, Student Dr. Enrico Mario Santí, Major Professor Dr. Moisés Castillo, Director of Graduate Studies LA TRINIDAD VALLEJIANA: POLÍTICA, RELIGIÓN Y LENGUAJE EN FERNANDO VALLEJO, 1994 – 2010 ____________________________________ DISSERTATION ____________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Kentucky By Oswaldo Ortegón Cufiño Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Enrico Mario Santí, Lexington, Kentucky 2015 Copyright © Oswaldo Ortegón Cufiño 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION LA TRINIDAD VALLEJIANA: POLÍTICA, RELIGIÓN Y LENGUAJE EN FERNANDO VALLEJO, 1994 – 2010 This dissertation engages a reading of three important themes in the narrative of Fernando Vallejo (1942- ) between 1994 and 2010: religion, politics and language. The dissertation concentrates on five novels: La virgen de los sicarios (1994), El desbarrancadero (2001), La Rambla paralela (2002), Mi hermano el alcalde (2004) y El don de la vida (2010). All three of the themes we explore are thematic trademarks of the former Spanish Empire that soured Vallejo’s arcadian dream of Santa Anita, a Paradise Lost or ideal nation that triggers the grammarian narrator´s desire of Vallejo’s works. Vallejo´s elusive satisfaction of that desire is reflected in the recurring voice of his narrative, a voice that in each novel attempts to destroy the archaic institutions that sustains those three themes. The dissertation consist of three chapters. Chapter I: “La virgen de los sicarios (1994 – 2000): Religion, Moral Panic and Secularization,” studies the impact of this text (both novel and film) in late 20th century Colombia. We study in particular the scandalous moral panic that followed the film version (2000) and thus attracted global recognition for Vallejo´s work. Chapter II: “Ideological Marginality As Political Attitude”, examines Vallejo´s ideological position against Colombia´s traditional value system in three works: La virgen de los sicarios (1994), El desbarrancadero (2001) y Mi hermano el alcalde (2004). Vallejo’s self-conscious narrative cries against the Republican institutional model in order to rethink the Colombian subject in the responsible satisfaction of desire. Both in this chapter and in Chapter III La virgen occupies a central object of our reading, as it marks a new beginning in Vallejo’s narrative. Finally, Chapter III, “Vallejian Poetics” studies his poetics, meaning the main narrative strategies of his novels. We based our reading on two additional works: La rambla paralela (2002) and El don de la vida (2010). In them we can identify how Vallejo’s apparently hybrid self-fictional style connects with the most traditional Latin American themes reflected in its literature, while also distancing itself from it. We conclude that Vallejo´s narrative is a revolutionary linguistic exercise integrating restrained voices within the dominant, narrow-minded lettered culture. KEYWORDS: Fernando Vallejo, religion, secularization, religious market, blasphemy, apostasy, heresy, moral panic, pretentious narrative, sublimation, desire, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, postmodernity, politics, political system, political regime, ideology, ego, the Other, The Great Other, globalization, militant homosexuality, language, linguistic heresy, digressions Oswaldo Ortegón Cufiño March 25, 2015 LA TRINIDAD VALLEJIANA: POLÍTICA, RELIGIÓN Y LENGUAJE EN FERNANDO VALLEJO, 1194 – 2010 By Oswaldo Ortegón Cufiño _______Enrico Mario Santí ______________________ Director of Dissertation _______Moisés Castillo______________________ Director of Graduate Studies ______March 25, 2015____________________ A mi madre, siempre presente; a mi hijo Santiago, motor de estas ideas Agradecimientos Deseo expresar mis agradecimientos al doctor Enrico Mario Santí, director de este proyecto. Su orientación y valiosas correcciones hicieron posible el logro del objetivo planteado. Del mismo modo, mi gratitud a los demás miembros del comité de mi disertación: Las doctoras Susan Carvalho, Yanira Paz y el doctor Carlos de La Torre. Sus opiniones y apreciables sugerencias fueron claves en la realización de este trabajo. iii TABLA DE CONTENIDO Agradecimientos……………………………………………………..... iii I. Introducción …………………………………………………. vii Capítulo I: La virgen de los sicarios (1994, 2000): religión, pánico moral y secularización………………………………………………… 1 1. ¿Por qué La virgen? …………………………………………………….. 3 2. La virgen novela y film …………………………………………………. 4 3. La virgen en el contexto literario – religioso-espiritual hispanoamericano 6 4. Colombia en La virgen: religión y política en su historia………………. 8 5. Secularización y mercado religioso: ¿utopía de hoy?…………………… 17 6. La virgen y la secularización en la tradición literaria hispanoamericana 25 7. Vallejo y La virgen: escabroso entronque con la tradición colombiana… 27 8. ¿Cómo seculariza La virgen?.................................................................... 29 9. Los hechos causantes del pánico moral……………………………….. .. 35 1. La negación del Dios de las religiones………………………………. 36 1.1. Vallejo: Apóstata, hereje y blasfemo 38 2. La negación del modelo político colombiano……………………….. 44 2.1. Colombia: Con ‘madre’ pero sin ‘padre’…………………….. … 46 2.2. Refundación del Estado………………………………………… 47 3. Homosexualidad versus Colombia…………………………………… 48 10. Conclusión……………………………………………………………… 50 iv Capítulo II: Marginalidad ideológica como actitud política…………………………. 54 1. ¿Por qué La virgen, El desbarrancadero y Mi hermano?.............................. 55 2. Ideología, política y literatura………………………………………………. 58 3. Significantes ideológicos…………………………………………………… 63 4. Crítica al régimen y sistema político……………………………………….. 67 5. Violencia y apocalipsis…………………………………………………….. 70 6. Ambigüedad paradigmática del autor…………………………………….... 75 7. Vallejo: crítico social………………………………………………………. 83 8. Automarginación…………………………………………………………… 85 9. Vallejo excéntrico y autoritario……………………………………………. 90 10. Militancia homosexual: actitud ética y posición política………………….. 94 11. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………. 100 Capítulo III: La poética vallejiana: ………………………….................. 104 1. ¿Por qué La virgen, La rambla y El don?..................................................... 104 2. Vallejo: ¿una poética de base post estructuralista?....................................... 108 3. Vallejo: tras el ‘registro de lo real’………………………………………... 111 4. El doble paródico vallejiano………………………………………………. 112 5. Fernando Vallejo: ¿otra herejía lingüística?................................................. 117 6. La estratégica habla antioqueña…………………………………………… 126 7. Diálogo y relajamiento social……………………………………………... 129 8. La sátira menipea en la narrativa vallejiana………………………………. 132 9. Lenguaje e inclusión social……………………………………………...... 136 10. Intratextualidad y barroquismo vallejiano………………………………….. 137 v 11. Anamorfosis……………………………………………………………… 144 12. Refranes………………………………………………………………….. 148 13. Digresiones………………………………………………………………… 153 14. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………. 156 Conclusiones………………………………………………………………………….