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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Decadent City: Urban

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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Decadent City: Urban UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Decadent City: Urban Space in Latin American Dirty Realist Fiction A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures by Jamie Diane Fudacz 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Decadent City: Urban Space in Latin American Dirty Realist Fiction by Jamie Diane Fudacz Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Maarten van Delden, Co-Chair Professor Jorge Marturano, Co-Chair This dissertation explores the treatment of urban spaces in Latin American dirty realist fiction from the 1990’s to the present, focusing on the works of Guillermo Fadanelli (Mexico), Fernando Vallejo (Colombia), and Pedro Juan Gutiérrez (Cuba). Whereas Fadanelli centers his works in the megalopolis of a Mexico City straining under the pressures of rapid modernization and development, Gutiérrez depicts a Havana crumbling during the economic crises of the Special Period, and Vallejo portrays Medellín as utterly degraded by drug trafficking and its associated violence. All three authors, however, employ the gritty, almost visceral dirty realist style to best depict poverty-stricken societies populated by unexceptional individuals in a quest for survival in a rapidly transforming and decaying urban landscape. This dirty realist space is thus primarily defined by abjection and the uncomfortable coexistence of a focus on distinctive ii local minutia and the homogenizing effects of global, postmodern consumer society, a phenomenon accompanied by the proliferation of non-places as defined by Marc Augé. In these non-places, the meta-narratives of family, religion and nation that previously marked spaces of identity formation no longer function, leaving a sense of purposelessness. While there exists some nostalgia for the spaces that produced and reproduced these previous narratives, these spaces also prove to be marginalizing and have contributed to the city’s current state of violence and decay. In light of the negative meanings ascribed to earlier spaces of individual and community identity formation, the evacuation of all meaning from these spaces has a positive connotation. Even though the manner in which these dirty realist authors are conceptualizing the urban space shows this new space to be decadent, empty, and violent, its transitional nature and the questioning of previous narratives that it implies open room for the creation of a new type of space that could grow to be more inclusive, even if this is never accomplished within the narratives themselves. iii The dissertation of Jamie Diane Fudacz is approved. Marta Hernández Salván Maite Zubiaurre Maarten van Delden, Committee Co-chair Jorge Marturano, Committee Co-chair University of California, Los Angeles 2012 iv For my family, with all love and thanks v Table of Contents I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….1 II. The Generational Divide: Neoliberalism, Domesticity, and the Non-place in the Works of Guillermo Fadanelli ……………………………………………………………………21 1. Fadanelli in Context: Literatura Basura and the Non-place in the Postmodern Era …………………………………………………………….23 2. Evacuation of Meaning and the Rise of the Non-place ……………………32 3. The Younger Generation: Economic Marginalization, the Embracing of Anonymity, and the Commodification of Self ……………………………..44 4. The Generational Divide and the Domestic Space: The Evacuation of Meaning as a Positive Development ……………………………………….49 III. Fernando Vallejo and the Creative Destruction of Medellín …………………………..74 1. Fernando Vallejo: Mutant, Deviant, or Dirty Realist? ……………………..74 2. False Utopia, False Nostalgia: Past and Present Spaces of Medellín ………84 3. Miniature and Viewpoint: The Deconstruction of a Nostalgic Utopia …….87 4. Home and Church: Restructuring Traditional Spaces of Socialization ……118 IV. Non-place and the Public Private Inversion: Havana in the Works of Pedro Juan Gutiérrez …………………………………………………………………...148 1. Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, El Realista Sucio del Caribe ...……………………...148 2. Negative Space: The Decay of the Cuban Socialist Utopia ………………..156 3. Azotea : Panorama, Heterotopia, Non-place ………………………………..161 4. The Domestic Space: From Place to Non-place …………………………...169 5. Movement and the Embracing of Non-places ……………………………..183 6. The Private/Public Divide and the Space of Dirty Realism ………………..189 V. Conclusion .…………………………………………………………………………….202 VI. Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………...217 vi Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to all those who helped me in the process of conceiving of and writing this dissertation. My initial foray into the study of Latin American dirty realism began with the writing my undergraduate thesis under the guidance of Professor Robert Conn. The faculty at the UCLA department of Spanish and Portuguese further allowed me to continue to pursue this and related topics throughout my coursework. UCLA graduate division fellowships provided me with the invaluable gift of time to devote myself fully to my research and writing. Special thanks also go to the Mellon Foundation, Ben and Rue Pine, UC Cuba and the UCLA Latin American Institute for their generous support of my research trips to Cuba, Mexico and Colombia. A great number of people aided me in my research while abroad, and, while I deeply appreciate all of their efforts, I would especially like to express my thanks to Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, Mario Coyula, Juan Nicolás Padron, Raúl Aguiar, Francisco López Sacha, Mauricio Bares, Guillermo Fadanelli, Carlos Martínez Rentería, Jaime Tavera, and Clemencia Ardila Jaramillo for their contributions. My committee members Marta Hernández Salván and Maite Zubiaurre have given me amazing guidance. My committee co-chairs Jorge Marturano and Maarten van Delden have been the greatest sources of encouragement, wisdom and constructive criticism throughout this process. I cannot thank them enough for their unparalleled generosity of time and spirit. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for all of their support and their excellent proofreading. Parts of the chapter entitled “Non-place and the Public Private Inversion: Havana in the Works of Pedro Juan Gutiérrez” were included in my article, “Una comunidad de voyeures: una nueva mirada a Trilogía sucia de la Habana ” in Katatay: Revista crítica de literatura latinoamericana 6.8 (2010): 107-114. vii VITA 2002 Phi Beta Kappa Honors Society, Early Induction 2003 B.A., Spanish and Latin American Studies, High Honors Levy-Spira Prize for Excellence in Latin American Studies Mann Prize for Distinction in Romance Languages Juan Roura Parella Prize for Curiosity and General Learning Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut 2003-2005 Teacher, English as a Second Language Teach For America/Los Angeles Unified School District 2005-2006 Site Coordinator, Children Youth and Family Collaborative Los Angeles, California 2006-2007 Dean’s Del Amo Fellowship, UCLA Graduate Division 2006-2007 Community Activities Committee Graduate Student Representative UCLA 2007-2009 Teaching Assistant, UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese 2008-2009 T.A. of the Year Award of Excellence, UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese 2008 M.A., Hispanic Languages and Literatures Department of Spanish and Portuguese University of California, Los Angeles 2008-2009 Teaching Assistant Representative UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese 2009 Summer Research Mentorship Fellowship, UCLA Graduate Division 2009 Co-Coordinator of Graduate Student Conference: “Dislocated Writing” UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese 2009-2010 Graduate Research Mentorship Fellowship, UCLA Graduate Division 2009-2011 Summer Teaching Associate viii UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese 2010 Ben and Rue Pine Travel Award, UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese 2010 Mellon Pre-Dissertation Fellowship, Humanities UCLA 2011 UC Cuba Travel Grant, University of California 2011 Fawcett Field Research Grant, UCLA Latin American Institute 2011-2012 Senior Editor, Mester UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese 2011-2012 Dissertation Year Fellowship, UCLA Graduate Division PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS ---. “Neo-fascism or Nostalgia: The Case of Fernando Vallejo’s Medellín.” Writing the City Political , Latin American Studies Association Conference, San Francisco, May 2012. ---. “Una comunidad de voyeures: una nueva mirada a Trilogía sucia de la Habana .” Katatay: Revista crítica de literatura latinoamericana 6.8 (2010): 107-114. ---. “Ambiguous Progress: The Role of Technology in Las Iniciales de la Tierra ,” Crisis and Opportunity in Latin America , Latin American Studies Program, UCR, Riverside, April 2010. ---. “The Nature of Homosexuality in Carlos Montenegro’s Hombres sin mujer .” Ciberletras 22 (December 2009): n. pag. http://www.lehman.cuny.edu/ciberletras/v22/fudacz.html . ---. “Turismo Aconsejable and Visions of the Suffering of Others,” The Itinerant Word, Department of Spanish and Portuguese Graduate Student Conference, UCLA, Los Angeles, May 2008. ix I. Introduction When embarking on this study of the depiction of urban space in Hispano-American dirty realist fiction, three fundamental questions emerged as the starting point for analysis: Is there a distinct conception of space present in Hispano-American dirty realist fiction? If so, what defines this space as characteristic of the genre? If every society produces its own space, and if space “in addition to being a means
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