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Parco Di Veio ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ Biodiversità e qualità dei corsi d’acqua del Parco Regionale di Veio (Lazio) A cura di Valentina Della Bella (a), Stefania Marcheggiani (a), Simone Ciadamidaro (a), Alessandra Somaschini (b) e Laura Mancini (a) (a) Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma (b) Parco Regionale di Veio, Campagnano di Roma, Roma ISSN 1123-3117 Rapporti ISTISAN 09/44 Istituto Superiore di Sanità Biodiversità e qualità dei corsi d’acqua del Parco Regionale di Veio (Lazio). A cura di Valentina Della Bella, Stefania Marcheggiani, Simone Ciadamidaro, Alessandra Somaschini e Laura Mancini 2009, 47 p. Rapporti ISTISAN 09/44 Il Parco Regionale di Veio vanta una tale ricchezza naturale, paesaggistica e culturale che poche altre aree protette possono eguagliare. Il Parco, inoltre, è caratterizzato da un significativo reticolo idrografico costituito dai tre bacini imbriferi dei fossi della Valchetta (l’antico Crèmera), della Torraccia e della Crescenza, affluenti di destra del fiume Tevere. Questi corsi d’acqua rappresentano corridoi ecologici ormai completamente circondati da una matrice ambientale antropizzata e per questo sottoposti a notevole stress di origine umana. Un’indagine delle condizioni dei corsi d’acqua dell’area protetta risulta quindi necessaria al fine di comprendere il loro stato qualitativo attuale e di stabilire su quali delle pressioni sia necessario intervenire con maggiore urgenza per arrestare il processo di degrado e avviare interventi di risanamento. Questo studio propone l’utilizzo di un approccio integrato per la caratterizzazione di questi ambienti nell’ottica della salvaguardia degli ecosistemi fluviali del Parco di Veio, attraverso l’analisi della comunità di macroinvertebrati bentonici supportata dall’applicazione dell’IFF (Indice di Funzionalità Fluviale), e dalle analisi chimico-fisiche e microbiologiche, mirate ad individuare le fonti di inquinamento. Parole chiave: Macroinvetebrati; Funzionalità fluviale; Approccio integrato; Bacino del Tevere; Pressione antropica Istituto Superiore di Sanità Biodiversity and quality of watercoureses in the Veio Regional Park (Latium, Italy). Edited by Valentina Della Bella, Stefania Marcheggiani, Simone Ciadamidaro, Alessandra Somaschini and Laura Mancini 2009, 47 p. Rapporti ISTISAN 09/44 (in Italian) The Veio Regional Park shows such a richness of natural, landscape and cultural resources, as very few protected areas can be equal. Moreover, the Park has a relevant watercourses network formed by the three river basins of brook of Valchetta (ancient Crèmera), Torraccia and Crescenza, right tributaries of river Tiber. These watercourses are ecological corridors surrounded by a matrix of anthropogenic habitats and subject to human impacts. For this reason an analysis of watercourse condition is essential to understand their current quality status, and to identify the priority to decrease human pressures in order to stop the decline process and start restoration activities. With the aim of characterizing these watercourses and the ultimate scope of protect running water ecosystems of the Veio Park, this study uses an integrated approach through an analysis of macroinvertebrate communities, supported by the application of River Functionality Index (IFF, Indice di Funzionalità Fluviale), and by physico-chemical and microbiological analysis, in order to identify pollution sources. Key words: Macroivertebrates; River functionality; Integrated approach; Tiber river basin; Human pressure Autori del presente Rapporto: Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Valentina Della Bella, Stefania Marcheggiani, Simone Ciadamidaro, Laura Mancini, Anna Maria D’Angelo, Elio Pierdominici, Raffaele Scenati, Camilla Puccinelli, Giorgio Pace, Andrea Zedde, Claudia Vendetti Parco Regionale di Veio, Campagnano di Roma Alessandra Somaschini, Gisella Monterosso, Michela Cantù Si ringraziano: la Famiglia Venturini Fendi e il personale della Tenuta Carmina Campus; Giulia e Maurizio Sagnotti per i permessi di accesso alle stazioni oggetto dello studio situate all’interno delle loro proprietà; tutto il personale guardiaparco del Parco di Veio per la disponibilità e il supporto nelle indagini, specialmente nell’individuazioine delle stazioni durante i sopralluoghi e la collaborazione durante i campionamenti. Autori delle foto: Valentina Della Bella, Simone Ciadamidaro, Stefania Marcheggiani Per informazioni su questo documento scrivere a: [email protected] Il rapporto è accessibile online dal sito di questo Istituto: www.iss.it Citare questo documento come segue: Della Bella V, Marcheggiani S, Ciadamidaro S, Somaschini A e Mancini L (Ed.). Biodiversità e qualità dei corsi d’acqua del Parco Regionale di Veio (Lazio). Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità; 2009. (Rapporti ISTISAN 09/44). Presidente dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità e Direttore responsabile: Enrico Garaci Registro della Stampa - Tribunale di Roma n. 131/88 del 1° marzo 1988 Redazione: Paola De Castro, Sara Modigliani e Sandra Salinetti La responsabilità dei dati scientifici e tecnici è dei singoli autori. © Istituto Superiore di Sanità 2009 Rapporti ISTISAN 09/44 INDICE Introduzione........................................................................................................................................ 1 Area di studio..................................................................................................................................... 2 Le stazioni di campionamento ......................................................................................................... 3 Il bacino del Fosso della Crescenza......................................................................................... 3 Il bacino del Fosso Cremera (Valchetta) ................................................................................. 6 Il bacino del Fosso della Torraccia.......................................................................................... 11 Materiali e metodi............................................................................................................................. 16 Analisi chimico-fisiche .................................................................................................................... 16 Analisi chimico-fisiche in situ................................................................................................. 16 Analisi chimiche di laboratorio ............................................................................................... 16 Analisi microbiologiche................................................................................................................... 17 Analisi della comunità macrobentonica........................................................................................... 17 Campionamento....................................................................................................................... 17 Trattamento dei campioni in laboratorio ................................................................................. 17 Applicazione dell’IBE ............................................................................................................. 18 Descrizione delle comunità macroinvertebrati tramite metriche ............................................. 19 Applicazione dell’IFF ...................................................................................................................... 20 Risultati................................................................................................................................................. 24 Variabili chimico-fisiche.................................................................................................................. 24 Microbiologia................................................................................................................................... 26 Comunità macrobentonica ............................................................................................................... 27 Composizione e ricchezza tassonomica................................................................................... 27 Metriche descrittrici della comunità macrobentonica.............................................................. 31 Indice IBE................................................................................................................................ 33 Indice di Funzionalità Fluviale ........................................................................................................ 37 Bacino del fosso della Crescenza ............................................................................................ 37 Bacino del fosso Valchetta/Cremera ....................................................................................... 38 Bacino del fosso della Torraccia.............................................................................................. 40 Discussione e conclusioni........................................................................................................... 44 Bibliografia.......................................................................................................................................... 47 i Rapporti ISTISAN 09/44 Rapporti ISTISAN 09/44 INTRODUZIONE Il legame tra gli abitanti del territorio oggi compreso nel Parco di Veio e i corsi d’acqua che l’attraversano risale a quasi tremila anni fa. I Veiensi, come altre comunità etrusche della Tuscia
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