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Some Freshwater, Semi-Terrestrial and Land Crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Ghana, West Africa

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Some Freshwater, Semi-Terrestrial and Land Crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Ghana, West Africa Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 44(2), pp. 41–50, May 22, 2018 Some Freshwater, Semi-terrestrial and Land Crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Ghana, West Africa Masatsune Takeda1 and Hiromu Sugiyama2 1 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–4–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1–23–1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162–8640, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 19 February 2018; accepted 28 March 2018) Abstract Two freshwater crabs of the family Potamonautidae, Liberonautes chaperi (A. Milne– Edwards, 1887) and Potamonautes triangulus Bott, 1959, two semi-terrestrial crabs of the families Grapsidae and Sesarmidae, Goniopsis pelii (Herklots, 1851) and Guinearma huzardi (Desmarest, 1825), and a land crab of the family Gecarcinidae, Cardisoma armatum Herklots, 1851, are recorded from Ghana, West Africa. All the species are presented with brief taxonomical notes and some photographs for ready and steady identification. Key words: Freshwater crab, Semi-terrestrial crab, Land crab, Cardisoma armatum, Goniopsis pelii, Liberonautes chaperi, Guinearma huzardi, Potamonautes triangulus, Ghana, West Africa. graphs of the closely related species. Introduction Some species of crabs dealt with in this paper In the collections of the National Museum of will serve the second intermediate hosts of lung Nature and Science, Tsukuba, are several speci- flukes not only for the primate and other wild mens of freshwater, semi-terrestrial and land mammals but also for the native people. crabs and three specimens of freshwater Macro- Although two representative West African Para- brachium prawn from Ghana, West Africa, col- gonimus species, P. uterobilateralis and P. afrika- lected by Mr. Sachio Yamamoto of JICA (Japan nus, both described by Voelker and Vogel (1965), International Corporation Agency) in 1990 and are unknown to date from Ghana, one of the sec- later donated by Prince Hitachino-miya Masahito ond intermediate hosts of them, Liberonautes for study. chaperi (A. Milne–Edwards, 1887), is included All of the crab specimens were identified with in the collection at hand. We, therefore, briefly the known species, with aid of monographic reviewed the literatures of the parasitological studies by Monod (1956), Manning and Holthuis studies on Paragonimus species and their host (1981) and Cumberlidge (1999), who dissolved crabs that were reported from the countries many nomenclatural problems and complex syn- neighboring Ghana for the forthcoming studies in onymies of the West African species. In spite of this country. The present report of freshwater, their contributions, however, the identification of semi-terrestrial and land crabs from Ghana will the West African freshwater crabs seems to be contribute to the study of lung flukes for ready still difficult for the researchers other than the and steady identification of the possible interme- decapologists dealing with the freshwater crabs, diate hosts, even if the numbers of the crab spe- because of lack of detailed figures or fine photo- cies are few. 42 M. Takeda and H. Sugiyama In the following lines, the breadth and length as Sundanautes (Sundanautes) africanus chaperi. of the carapace are abbreviated as cb and cl, Finally, Cumberlidge (1985, p. 2703, fig. 1) respectively, and indicated in mm. All the speci- transferred this species to the genus Liberonautes mens are preserved in the collections of the Bott, 1955, with the detailed description and National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsu- comparison of the first male pleopod with those kuba (NSMT). of the congeneric species. Cumberlidge and Sachs (1989) made a key for the identification of four freshwater and semi-terrestrial crabs from Records of the Species Liberia including this species. Phylum ARTHROPODA: Subphylum According to Cumberlidge (1985) and Cum- CRUSTACEA: Class MALACOSTRACA: berlidge and Sachs (1989), this species inhabits Order DECAPODA: Suborder PLEOCYEMATA: the rocky bottom of fast-flowing shallow water Infraorder BRACHYURA in Liberia, Côte d’Ivore and Ghana, and is never Superfamily Potamoidea found in the small streams or creeks. Family Potamonautidae Distribution. Côte d’Ivore, Ghana and Liberia. Genus Liberonautes Bott, 1955 Parasitological notes. Sachs and Cumber- Liberonautes chaperi (A. Milne–Edwards, 1887) lidge (1991a) found Liberonautes chaperi as the (Fig. 1) second intermediate host of Paragonimus utero- bilateralis in Liberia. Otherwise, according to Remarks. The specimens at hand are a Voelker and Sachs (1977), Sachs and Voelker mature female (NSMT–Cr 25808, Fig. 1A–D; cb (1982), Sachs and Cumberlidge (1991b), and including lateral teeth 67.3×cl 45.2 mm) and an Cumberlidge (1999), the following three of eight immature female (NSMT–Cr 25809, Fig. 1E–F; Liberonautes species, L. latidactylus (De Man), cb 48.2×cl 32.5 mm). This species attains to L. nanoides Cumberlidge and Sachs, and L. palu- large size, as one of the females examined is still dicolis Cumberlidge and Sachs, have also been immature in spite of its considerable size. This shown to harbor the metacercariae of Paragoni- species is most characterized by the presence of mus uterobilateralis [Japanese name: Fohgeru- the intermediate spiniform or rather tubercular hai-kyuchu] or P. afrikanus [Japanese name: Afu- tooth between the external orbital and epibran- rika-hai-kyuchu], both of which were described chial teeth, the imperfect postfrontal crest not by Voelker and Vogel (1965). reaching the epibranchial tooth at each lateral According to Aka et al. (2008) who summa- side, and the presence of three to six, mostly five, rized the human paragonimiasis in Africa, Sun- spiniform teeth behind the epibranchial tooth at danonautes africanus (A. Milne–Edwards) is the the anterolateral carapace margin. Among these main carrier of metasercariae of Paragonimus characters, the spiniform teeth at each anterolat- uterobilateralis in Cameroon and Nigeria, and eral carapace margin enable to this species quite two species of the same genus, S. aubryi (H. distinctive among the eight congeneric species of Milne Edwards) and S. granulatus (Balss), are of Liberonautes, as shown in the key made by Cum- little importance, being the hosts of metacercariae berlidge (1985), with the spiny river crab as the of P. uterobilateralis or P. africanus. In addition common name in Liberia. to the two species, Aka et al. (2008) listed S. pelii This species was originally referred to the (Herklots) as carrier of metacercariae, but as seen genus Parathelphusa H. Milne Edwards, 1853, in Ng et al. (2008), S. pelii is now taxonomically by A. Milne–Edwards (1887, p. 144, pl. 8 fig. 4), known as a synonym of S. aubryi. In Liberia the and then recorded by Rathbun (1905, p. 202, pl. unique host crab is Liberonautes latidactylus 12 fig. 6) under the name of Potamon (Parathel- which is infected only with P. uterobilateralis. It phusa) chaperi, and later by Bott (1955, p. 298) is noted here that the occurrence of unidentified Freshwater, Semi-terrestrial and Land Crabs from Ghana 43 Fig. 1. Liberonautes chaperi (A. Milne–Edwards, 1887). A–D: Female (NSMT–Cr 25808; cb including lateral teeth 67.3×cl 45.2 mm). E–F: Young female (NSMT–Cr 25809; cb 48.2×cl 32.5 mm). metacercariae in Callinectes marginatus (A. berti. Otherwise, absence of paragonimiasis in Milne–Edwards) from Benin reported by Aka et Ghana is remarkable, but the fact is yet to be al. (2008) is not always reliable, because the crab measured and further investigated. In the present is marine swimming crab (Portunidae) living in collection are two specimens (Fig. 1) identified as shallow waters. Later, Bayssade–Dufour et al. Liberonautes chaperi, but no specimen referable (2014, 2015) showed S. africanus from Camer- to the congeneric species, L. latidactylus, which oon as the second intermediate host of two new was originally described from Ghana and occurs lung fluke species, P. gondwanensis and P. ker- in the West African rain forest area from Ghana to 44 M. Takeda and H. Sugiyama northwards to Senegal. Occurrence of paragoni- margins. The postfrontal crest is strong, com- miasis in Ghana seems to be reasonable as far as plete, transverse, reaching the epibranchial tooth the present knowledge concerned. to each anterolateral carapace margin. The exter- nal orbital angle is triangular, directed forward with subacute tip. The ebibranchial tooth is simi- Genus Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 lar to the external orbital tooth in shape, but Potamonautes triangulus Bott, 1959 smaller. The anterolateral carapace margin is reg- (Fig. 2) ularly convex, narrowly ridged and granulated Remarks. The specimens examined are two throughout the length. The posterior end of the juvenile females (NSMT–Cr 25810, Fig. 2A–B, marginal ridge is weakly directed dorsally. The cb 33.4×cl 24.1 mm; NSMT–Cr 25811, Fig. carapace postero-dorsal surface is weakly 2C–D, cb 33.5×cl 23.9 mm), representing a typi- depressed and ornamented with some weak, cal form of Potamonautes in the flattened and oblique ridges. The abdomen of the female speci- ovate carapace, without intervening tooth men at hand is still not developed and similar to between the external and epibranchial teeth. It is male abdomen (Fig. 2B). identified with P. triangulus described by Bott According to Cumberlidge (1999), the West (1959, p. 1002) and redescribed by Cumberlidge African Potamonautes are represented by four (1999, p. 135). The carapace is nearly smooth, species, P. ecorssei (Marchand, 1902), P. senega- only with small granules along the anterolateral lensis Bott, 1970, P. reidi Cumberlidge, 1999, Fig. 2. Potamonautes triangulus Bott, 1959. A–B: Juvenile female (NSMT–Cr 25810; cb 33.4×cl 23.9 mm). C–D: Juvenile female (NSMT–Cr 25811; cb 33.5×cl 23.9 mm). Freshwater, Semi-terrestrial and Land Crabs from Ghana 45 and this species. Of these, P. ecorssei and this and records of the specimens are referred to species are known from Ghana, but P.
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