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PSI • Scientific Report 1999 /Volume I CH0000002 PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT ISSN 1423-7296 March 2000 PSI • Scientific Report 1999 /Volume I Particles and Matter 3 1/28 An international collaboration of radiochemists led by the Laboratory for Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry of PSl and Bern University succeeded for the first time to experimentally investigate the chemical properties of bohrium (element 107) and to establish it as a member of group 7 of the Periodic Table. During a one-month long experiment, a total of only six bohrium atoms were gaschromatographically isolated in the form of volatile bohrium oxychloride molecules and identified by registering their unique decay sequence of alpha particle emissions via dubnium (element 105) to lawrencium (element 103). The short-lived bohrium atoms, decaying with a half-life of about 20 s, were produced by bombarding a very rare, highly radioactive berkelium target supplied by the US department of energy with an intense beam of neon ions at the PSl injector 1 cyclotron. PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT ISSN 1423-7296 March 2000 \} Scientific Report 1999 Volume I Particles and Matter ed. by: J. Gobrecht, H. Gaggeler, D. Herlach, K. Junker, P.-R. Kettle, P. Kubik, A. Zehnder CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland Telephone:+41 56 310 21 11 Telefax:+ 41 56 310 21 99 http://www.psi.ch TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .1 Laboratory for Particle Physics 3 Foreword 4 Particle Physics Theory Theory (I) 5 Theory (II) 6 Ring Accelerator Experiments Particle Properties and Decays A precise measurement of the Jt+-^7t°e+v decay rate 7 Measurement of the transverse polarization of positrons from the decay of polarized muons 8 Particle physics with polarized cold neutrons at SINQ 9 Search for a neutral particle of mass 33.9 MeV in pion decay 10 A precision measurement of the Michel parameter \ in polarised muon decay 11 Search for exotic muon decays 12 Hadron-Hadron and Hadron-Nucleus Reactions Atmospheric production of 26A1 13 Analyzing powers in low energy pion proton scattering 14 Exotic Atoms Precision measurement of singlet |J,P capture in hydrogen 15 Measuring jid3He-fusion 16 Towards a Measurement of the Lamb Shift in muonic hydrogen 17 Injector I Experiments Activation analysis for stable isotopes of molybdenum and gadolinium 18 External Accelerator / Facility Experiments Rare K+-decays in flight, AGS E865 19 W-Pair production at LEP2 20 Heavy quark production at HERA 21 The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) at CERN's LargeHadron Collider LHC 22 Development work for the CMS pixel detector 23 Properties of the avalanche photodiodes for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter 24 Laboratory for Astrophysics 25 Foreword 26 XMM: final science preparations and launch 27 Hydrodynamic flare simulations: a tool for XMM and HESSI studies 28 Coronal heating of active stars 29 Observational studies of young stellar objects at various wavelengths 30 Electron firehose instability and acceleration of electrons in solar flares 31 Dark matter in the universe 32 X-Ray properties of clusters of galaxies 33 Anisotropic proton fluxes in the SAA 34 Small arrays of transition edge microcalorimeters 35 Energy, position and time resolving photon spectrometers 36 Building the imaging system of the high-energy solar spectroscopic imager (HESSI) 37 Modeling HESSI response - scientific objectives 38 The HESSI solar aspect system (SAS) 39 The HESSI roll angle system (RAS) 40 An optical baffle made from thermally conductive carbon fibre 41 Operating of the proton irradiation facility - concise summary 42 Sensitivity of radfet dosimeters to protons and gammas 43 Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy 45 Foreword 46 Magnetism: Heavy Fermion Systems, Magnetic Ordering and Dynamics, Spin Glasses Muon spin relaxation and disorder-driven non-Fermi liquid behaviour in UQi5_xPdx 47 uSR study of the magnetic instability in heavy-fermion U(Pt,Pd)3 48 Microscopic studies of the nonmagnetic-magnetic transition in highly correlated electron systems 49 Heavy-fermion behaviour and stripe order in electron doped cuprates 50 Study of the magnetic properties of Ce3Pd2oSi6 and Ce3Pd20Ge6 compounds 51 uSR study of the spin dynamics in axial magnets 52 Study of the dynamic magnetic properties in RNi5 53 Spin behaviour in novel transition magnets 54 Study of U- and RE-intermetallic compounds exhibiting quadrupolar ordering: CeAg 55 Spin dynamics in substituted manganates and iron oxides 56 Zero and longitudinal field relaxation in low doping manganites: search for static and dynamic ferromagnetic clusters 57 uSR investigation of the spin dynamics in double layered manganites 58 Study of the dynamic and structure features of magnetism in holmium 59 Magnetic ordering in Li2CuO2 60 Magnetic correlations in one dimensional spin systems 61 |iSR on monodisperse nanoscale Pd clusters at low temperatures 62 Quantum fluctuations of the magnetization in high spin molecules - a uSR study 63 Stripe order and spin dynamics in nickelates 64 Positive muons in rare-earth dideuterides 65 Magnetism in tetragonal La2-x-yRExSryCu04 66 Superconductivity Giant oxygen isotope effect on the spin glass transition in La2.xSrxCu1_v,Mni,O4 as revealed by muon spin rotation 67 Muon-spin rotation study of the magnetic correlations in La2.xCai+xCu206+d Superconductors 68 uSR study of cation disorder effects in A2CuO4 superconductors 69 Study of phase separation in La2CuO4+x 70 Hole dynamics and localization in high-temperature superconductors 71 uSR investigation of the magnetic phase diagram of Bi2.i5Sri.85CaCu208+5 72 uSR study of the effects of Li substitution in YBa2Cu306+x 73 Local order in underdoped YBa2(Cu0,96Mo.o4)307, M = Al, Co 74 Effect of an applied current on the flux line lattice of NbSe2 75 Structure of the superconducting intermediate state near H = Hc 76 uSR studies of superconductivity and magnetism in organic molecular crystal systems 77 Semiconductors Quantum diffusion of tetrahedral interstitial muonium in diamond 78 Muon paramagnetic and Knight shifts in semiconductors and semimetals 79 Oxygen-related muon species in crystalline silicon 80 Measurement of relaxation rate and paramagnetic frequency shift of negative muon spin precession in silicon 81 Muon-spin spectroscopy in sulphur and selenium 82 uSR in II-VI solar cell materials 83 Chemistry: Radicals, Reaction Kinetics, Charge Transfer Reorientational dynamics of aza-cyclohexadienyl radicals in pyridinium tetrafluoroborate 84 Apparent differential reactivity in hydrogen/muonium atom addition to pyridine and to the pyridinium cation 85 Heterogeneous processes involving environmental free radicals 86 Muon studies on weak charge transfer systems 87 Other Topics uSR studies of spin excitations in conducting polymers 88 u+SR on charge density ordering 5-4-10 intermetallic compounds 89 Novel electronic groundstate of quenched cubic CsiC60 90 Experiments with Low Energy Muons Range of low energy muons inCu films 91 Direct measurements of the penetration of a magnetic field into a superconductor in the Meissner state 92 Temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in an YBa2Cu3O7.5 film 93 Dimensional cross-over in AuFe spin-glass studied by low energy muons 94 A low energy muon study of the dipolar fields produced by an assembly of iron nanoclusters in silver 95 Diffusion of muons in metallic multilayers 96 Energy dependence of muonium formation in solid Ar, N2, Xe, and SiO2 97 Experimental Techniques Progress on the low energy u+ apparatus 98 A novel set-up for fast muon-spin-rotation experiments 99 Ill Laboratory for Micro and Nano Technology 101 Foreword 102 Silicon based nanonmaterials Nucleation of Ge dots on the C-alloyed Si(001) surface 103 Optical and structural properties of C-induced Ge quantum dots 104 ELS/SPA-RHEED: A new tool for in-situ analysis of MBE grown nanostructures 105 Atomic scale analysis of SinG^ superlattices 106 Resonant tunneling diodes with high peak to valley ratios grown by low temperature MBE 107 Coexistence of weak localization and a metallic phase in Si/SiGe quantum wells 108 Direct observation of the depolarization shift of the intersubband resonance 109 Building blocks for micro-crystalline thin film Si solar cells on glass substrate 110 Critical components forTPV applications Ill Molecular nanotechnology Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of penicillin in milk 112 Characterisation of antibody-antigen interactions by single molecule force spectroscopy 113 Modification of nanostructures and force measurements at the solid-liquid interface 114 Molecular wiring for electrochemical biosensors 115 Patterning of adhesion proteins for neurite guidance on glass 116 Nano Factory Polymer chips for scanning probe microscope calibration 117 Rheology of thin polymer films used in hot embossing 118 Fabrication of micromechanical cantilever sensors for nanoscale thermal detection 119 Fabrication of custom x-ray optical components 120 Apodised Bragg gratings in SiON planar waveguides 121 Efficient e-beam exposures for large arrays of nanostructures 122 Nanostructured Model catalysts built with interference lithography and wet etching 123 Laboratory for Radio- and Environmental Chemistry 125 Foreword 126 Heavy Elements Chemical investigation of bohrium (Bh, element 107) 127 Results of a preliminary analysis of the bohrium experiment 128 Two new isotopes of element 107: 266Bh and 267Bh 129 Excitation function of the reaction 248Cm(22Ne,4n)266Sg 130 Decay properties of 266Sg and 262Rf 131 Search for 263Rf in aqueous solution 132 Fluoride complexation of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104) 133 Search for
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