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Kyai Haji Abdul Wahid Hasyim: His Contribution to Muslim Educational INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced fmm the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitîed. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typemiter face, while othen may be from any type of amputer ptinter. The quaMy of thk reproduction is &pendent upon th. quitity of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, wbred or poor quality illustrations and photognphs, print bleedthrough. substandard margins, and impmper alignment can adversely affecî reproduciion. In the unlikefy event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and them am missing pages, these will ôe noted. Also, 1 unaiithorized copyright material had ta be removeâ, a note will indicate the deletion. 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Contact UMI diredly to order. 6elI & Howdl Information and Leaming 300 North Z8eô Rad, Ann Albor, MI 481081346 USA KYAI HAJI ABDUL WAEüD HASYIM: BIS CONTRIBUTION TO MUSLIM EDUCATIONAL REFORM AND TO INDONESIAN NATIONALISM DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 'JY Achmad Zaini A thesis subrnitted to the Institute of Islamic Studies Facuity of Graduate Studies and Research, McGill University in partial Fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Institute of Islamic Studies McGU University idy 1998 O Achmad Zaini National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services seMces bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Mtawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive Licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in rnicrofom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial exûacts fhm it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author' s ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Author Achmad Zaini Titles of thesis Kyai Haji Abdul Wahid Hasyim: His Contribution to Muslim Educational Reform and to Indonesian Nationalism during the Twentieth Century Department hstitute of Islamic Studies, McGill University Degree Master of Arts - - This thesis studies Wahid Hasyirn's contribution to the development of the traditional educational institution (pesantren) and his involvement in political affairs during the colonial era and following independence. Although he grew up in traditionalist circles, his experience studying at this institution and in Arabia, in conjuction with his wide reading on various subjects, gave him an open attitude to innovation, particularly in the field of education. The backwardness of pesantren graduates in mastering secular sciences, compared to those who graduated from the Dutch schools, inspired him to modernize the pesantren system. The introduction of the macirasah into the pesantren system, an institution designed to offer courses in the secular sciences as well as on Islam, was evidence of his progressive aim to enhance the quality of Muslim education, and the traditionalist version in particular. in the political arena, he played a significant role in the struggle for independence and the development of modem Indonesia. Known as a prominent leader who had a close contacts with @ais through the pesantren network, he was able to mobilize Indonesian Muslims against colonial de. His moderate attitude. which colored his poiitical behavior, wu vital to efforts at achieving compromise and at bridging the differences between traditionalists on the one hand and modemists as weii as secuiar nationalists on the other. iii a Résumé I Auteur : Achrnad Zaini Titre du memoire : Kyai Haji Abdul Wahid Hasyim: Sa contribution à la rCforrne de l'éducation musulmane et au nationdisme indonesien durant le vingtième siècle. Département :institut des Études Islamiques, Université McGill Diplôme : Maîtrise 8s Arîs Ce mémoire porte sur la contribution de Wahid Hasyim au développement des institutions d'6ducation traditionelle (pesenrren) ainsi que sur son implication dans les affaires politiques depuis l'ère coloniale et suivant l'independance. Malgr6 que Wahid Hasyim a grandi au sein des cercles traditionnels, en plus de sa vaste hdition couvrant une varikt6 de sujets, son experience academique acquise dans les pesentrens et en Arabie I'a doté d'une attitude favorable 2 l'innovation, tout particulièrement dans le domaine de I'education. Le retard des gradues des pesenuens dans la maîtrise des sciences séculières face aux gradués des écoles nCerlandaises ont inspiré Wahid Hasyim de moderniser le système des pesentrens. L'introduction dans la système des pesantrens de la madras&, une institution destinte à l'enseignement des sciences séculitres et de l'Islam, fut une .preuve de sa diligence à améliorer la qualit6 de 1' tducatioo musulmane, particulièrement son aspect traditionnel. Dans le domaine politique, Wahid Hasyirn a joué un rôle significatif dans la lutte pour I'independance et le dtveloppement de l'Indon6sie moderne. Au sein du réseau des pesentrens et consid6r6 comme étant un leader important ayant des contacts Ctroits avec les kyais, Wahid Hasyim a pu mobiliser les musuimaus indonésiens contre le pouvoir colonial. À I'inttrieur iv du processus qui a mené Zi la formation de l'état indonésien, l'attitude ainsi que les comportements politiques modMs de Wahid Hasyim furent essentiels aux efforts de compromis et d'unification des diffbrences entre les traditionalistes et les modemistes, ainsi que les nationalistes séculiers. For Arabic names and Islamic tems, the writer follows the systern of Arabic transliteration employed by the Institute of islamic Studies, McGiii University. Indonesian terrns are written according to the &aan Baru Bshm hdonesia ( 19 72), but the titles of books and articles wiil appears as they are quoted. The following is a transliteration table of Arabic alphabet. To indicate long vowels of ij t, these are typed by placing a macron above The fa'm~~bufsh( i ) is translated as "ah" rather than '<an,i.g., bidc& rather thm bid's or madrmah rather than ~mîhw?. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 would like to take this opportunity to express my thanks and indebtedness to Dr. Howard M. Federspiel, my supervisor, who has opened my eyes to the cntical analysis of sources used in this work. His carefui evaluation, scholarly suggestions and above all kindness and persona1 interest were of great assistance to me in the cornpletion of this researc h. 1 wish to express my gratitude to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) for providing me with a scholanhip to study at McGiIl University during the past two years. 1 would like also to express my sincere thanks to Dr. A. Üner Turgay, the Director of the institute of Islamic Studies, and to the Directors of the McGill-Lndonesia IAIN Development Project (Dr. Howard M. Fedeapiel and Wendy Allen) and its staff both in Montreal and Jakarta for the facilities they provided in support of my studies. My gratitude also goes to the the staff of the Islarnic Studies Library, McGill University. especially to Salwa Ferahian and Wayne St. Thomas, and to the staff of the Comell University Library, for helping me to obtain needed materials. I am gnteful to Steve Millier who has read ruid edited the first draft of this work. My thanks must also go to the Minister of Religious Affairs, who gave me the chance to pursue my studies at the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, to the Rector of the Institute of Islamic Snidies (IAIN) Sunan Ampel and to the Dean of the Faculty of Islamic Education who ailowed me to take a leave of absence to snidy in Montreai. 1 would like to th& everyone who has contributed to the accomplishment of my thesis, but especially Sahiron, Ima Muthmainnah, and Andi Nurbaethy for their assistance and brotherhood during my stay in Montreal. Finally, my thanks, which cannot be expressed in words, are due to my parents and sisters, and particularly to my wife, Siti Maftuhatin, dl of whom encouraged me to finish this program. Montreal. July 7. 1998 Ac hmad Zaini TABLE OF CONTENT I .. Absuact ............................................................................................................................ ii t Transli teration ........................ Table content. Introduction. Chapter 1 : A Biographical Sketch of Kyai Haji Abdul Wahid Hasyim .................... 10 A. His Life and Eariy Education ..............................................................1 1 Chapter 2 : K. H. Abdul Wahid Hasyirn's Islamic Educational Reform ................. 37 A. Educational Systems in lndonesia during the Colonial Penod: A General Ovemiew ................................................... .........
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