Mitochondrial DNA Barcoding Detects Some Species That Are Real, and Some That Are Not
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Redalyc.Comparación De Dos Métodos De Extracción De ADN A
Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología ISSN: 0123-3475 [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia Cadavid Sánchez, Isabel Cristina; Rosero García, Doris Amanda; Uribe Soto, Sandra Inés Comparación de dos métodos de extracción de ADN a partir de plantas del género Solanum, subgénero Leptostemonum Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología, vol. XV, núm. 2, diciembre, 2013, pp. 186-192 Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=77629802021 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ARTÍCULO CORTO Comparación de dos métodos de extracción de ADN a partir de plantas del género Solanum, subgénero Leptostemonum Comparison of two ADN extraction methods from plants belonging Solanum genus Leptostemonum subgenus. Isabel Cristina Cadavid Sánchez*, Doris Amanda Rosero García*, Sandra Inés Uribe Soto* Resumen Se evaluaron dos métodos para la extracción de ADN en plantas del género Solanum, con el fin de obtener ADN disponible y de buena calidad para la obtención de secuencias. El producto comercial DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit se comparó con un método que incluye el uso de una solución tampón de lisis. Para este último método también se evaluó si el rendimiento mejoraba cuando las muestras se maceraron previamente con nitrógeno líquido. Los resultados en términos de calidad (A260/A280) no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los métodos de extracción (índice < 1,5). Sin embargo, se encon- traron diferencias en la concentración de ADN obtenida (prueba de Dunnet, p<0,05) y en los porcentajes de amplificación mediante PCR (X2, p<0,05). -
Alfred Russel Wallace and the Darwinian Species Concept
Gayana 73(2): Suplemento, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE AND THE Darwinian SPECIES CONCEPT: HIS paper ON THE swallowtail BUTTERFLIES (PAPILIONIDAE) OF 1865 ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE Y EL concepto darwiniano DE ESPECIE: SU TRABAJO DE 1865 SOBRE MARIPOSAS papilio (PAPILIONIDAE) Jam ES MA LLET 1 Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London UK, NW1 2HE E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Soon after his return from the Malay Archipelago, Alfred Russel Wallace published one of his most significant papers. The paper used butterflies of the family Papilionidae as a model system for testing evolutionary hypotheses, and included a revision of the Papilionidae of the region, as well as the description of some 20 new species. Wallace argued that the Papilionidae were the most advanced butterflies, against some of his colleagues such as Bates and Trimen who had claimed that the Nymphalidae were more advanced because of their possession of vestigial forelegs. In a very important section, Wallace laid out what is perhaps the clearest Darwinist definition of the differences between species, geographic subspecies, and local ‘varieties.’ He also discussed the relationship of these taxonomic categories to what is now termed ‘reproductive isolation.’ While accepting reproductive isolation as a cause of species, he rejected it as a definition. Instead, species were recognized as forms that overlap spatially and lack intermediates. However, this morphological distinctness argument breaks down for discrete polymorphisms, and Wallace clearly emphasised the conspecificity of non-mimetic males and female Batesian mimetic morphs in Papilio polytes, and also in P. -
Strikingly Variable Divergence Times Inferred Across an Amazonian Butterfly ‘Suture Zone’ Alaine Whinnett1,2,†, Marie Zimmermann1,†, Keith R
Proc. R. Soc. B (2005) 272, 2525–2533 doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3247 Published online 27 September 2005 Strikingly variable divergence times inferred across an Amazonian butterfly ‘suture zone’ Alaine Whinnett1,2,†, Marie Zimmermann1,†, Keith R. Willmott2,3, Nimiadina Herrera4, Ricardo Mallarino4, Fraser Simpson1, Mathieu Joron1,5, Gerardo Lamas6 and James Mallet1,* 1Galton Laboratory, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK 2The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 3The McGuire Center for Lepidoptera, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 4Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama 5Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK 6Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru ‘Suture zones’ are areas where hybrid and contact zones of multiple taxa are clustered. Such zones have been regarded as strong evidence for allopatric divergence by proponents of the Pleistocene forest refugia theory, a vicariance hypothesis frequently used to explain diversification in the Amazon basin. A central prediction of the refugia and other vicariance theories is that the taxa should have a common history so that divergence times should be coincident among taxa. A suture zone for Ithomiinae butterflies near Tarapoto, NE Peru, was therefore studied to examine divergence times of taxa in contact across the zone. We sequenced 1619 bp of the mitochondrial COI/COII region in 172 individuals of 31 species from across the suture zone. Inferred divergence times differed remarkably, with divergence between some pairs of widespread species (each of which may have two or more subspecies interacting in the zone, as in the genus Melinaea) being considerably less than that between hybridizing subspecies in other genera (for instance in Oleria). -
INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a Synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a Historical Sketch
ZOOLOGÍA-TAXONOMÍA www.unal.edu.co/icn/publicaciones/caldasia.htm Caldasia 31(2):407-440. 2009 HACIA UNA SÍNTESIS DE LOS PAPILIONOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a historical sketch JOSÉ LUIS SALINAS-GUTIÉRREZ El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] CLAUDIO MÉNDEZ Escuela de Biología, Universidad de San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria, Campus Central USAC, Zona 12. Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] MERCEDES BARRIOS Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (CECON), Universidad de San Carlos, Avenida La Reforma 0-53, Zona 10, Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] CARMEN POZO El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Apartado Postal 70-399, México D.F. 04510; México. [email protected]. Autor responsable. RESUMEN La riqueza biológica de Mesoamérica es enorme. Dentro de esta gran área geográfi ca se encuentran algunos de los ecosistemas más diversos del planeta (selvas tropicales), así como varios de los principales centros de endemismo en el mundo (bosques nublados). Países como Guatemala, en esta gran área biogeográfi ca, tiene grandes zonas de bosque húmedo tropical y bosque mesófi lo, por esta razón es muy importante para analizar la diversidad en la región. Lamentablemente, la fauna de mariposas de Guatemala es poco conocida y por lo tanto, es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio y análisis de la composición y la diversidad de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en Guatemala. -
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in a Coastal Plain Area in the State of Paraná, Brazil
62 TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(2): 62-67, 2016 LEVISKI ET AL.: Butterflies in Paraná Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in a coastal plain area in the state of Paraná, Brazil Gabriela Lourenço Leviski¹*, Luziany Queiroz-Santos¹, Ricardo Russo Siewert¹, Lucy Mila Garcia Salik¹, Mirna Martins Casagrande¹ and Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke¹ ¹ Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]٭ Abstract: The coastal plain environments of southern Brazil are neglected and poorly represented in Conservation Units. In view of the importance of sampling these areas, the present study conducted the first butterfly inventory of a coastal area in the state of Paraná. Samples were taken in the Floresta Estadual do Palmito, from February 2014 through January 2015, using insect nets and traps for fruit-feeding butterfly species. A total of 200 species were recorded, in the families Hesperiidae (77), Nymphalidae (73), Riodinidae (20), Lycaenidae (19), Pieridae (7) and Papilionidae (4). Particularly notable records included the rare and vulnerable Pseudotinea hemis (Schaus, 1927), representing the lowest elevation record for this species, and Temenis huebneri korallion Fruhstorfer, 1912, a new record for Paraná. These results reinforce the need to direct sampling efforts to poorly inventoried areas, to increase knowledge of the distribution and occurrence patterns of butterflies in Brazil. Key words: Atlantic Forest, Biodiversity, conservation, inventory, species richness. INTRODUCTION the importance of inventories to knowledge of the fauna and its conservation, the present study inventoried the species of Faunal inventories are important for providing knowledge butterflies of the Floresta Estadual do Palmito. -
Life History and Biology of Forbestra Olivencia (Bates, 1862) (Nymphalidae, Ithomiinae)
VOLUME 60, NUMBER 4 203 Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 60(4), 2006, 203–210 LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF FORBESTRA OLIVENCIA (BATES, 1862) (NYMPHALIDAE, ITHOMIINAE) RYAN I. HILL 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Forbestra is the only mechanitine genus lacking a thorough life history description and little is known of its biology. Accord- ingly I describe the immature stages including first instar chaetotaxy, and provide observations on the biology of Forbestra olivencia from Garza Cocha in eastern Ecuador. Morphological characters from the early stages of Forbestra olivencia are identified that are unique to Forbestra and support the close relationship of Forbestra and Mechanitis. Forbestra olivencia was a moderately common butterfly at Garza Cocha during the sample period, far outnumbering other sympatric Forbestra. Ecological observations demonstrate similarities between F. olivencia and Mechanitis, but suggest F. olivencia is more restricted to shaded microhabitats. Additional key words: Mechanitini, Mechanitis, chaetotaxy INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Ithomiine butterflies have played an important role in Observations were made intermittently between the development of mimicry theory, having been the 2000-2005 at Garza Cocha (S 00°29.87', W 76°22.45'), original models of imitation described by Bates (1862). Provincia Sucumbios, Ecuador. Early stages were In that paper Henry Bates described Mechanitis reared in plastic cups and plastic bags under ambient olivencia based on wing color pattern differences being conditions (22-30° C, 70-100% relative humidity) in a consistently different from other sympatric Mechanitis wood building with screen windows. -
Aggregate?Pinheiro Et Al
610 Why do the ithomiines (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) aggregate?Pinheiro et al. Notes on a butterfly pocket in central Brazil 1 2 3 Carlos E. G. Pinheiro , Ísis Meri Medri & Ana Karina Moreyra Salcedo 1Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília – UnB, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brasil. [email protected] 2,3Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Depto. de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília – UnB, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brasil. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Why do the ithomiines (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) aggregate? Notes on a butterfly pocket in central Brazil. This study provides information on the species composition and the number of butterflies in different phases of an ithomiine aggregation during the 2004 dry season in central Brazil, and tests some hypotheses concerning the pocket formation. The results obtained suggest that ithomiine pockets constitute primarily an adaptation of butterflies to the adverse climatic conditions of the dry season, such as high temperatures and low air relative humidity, rather than the occurrence of large concentrations of adult food resources (flowers visited for nectar were not found in the pocket site) or defense against visually hunting predators (contrary to the prediction tested, the frequency of butterflies bearing birds beak marks on the wings significantly increased along the period of pocket formation, especially in the case of Mechanitis polymnia, the most abundant species in the pocket). Other hypotheses concerning the pocket formation are also discussed. KEYWORDS. Beak marks; insectivorous birds; ithomiine pockets; Müllerian mimicry. RESUMO. Por que os Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) se agregam? Observações sobre um bolsão de borboletas no Brasil central. Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre a composição de espécies e o número de indivíduos encontrados em diferentes fases de formação de um bolsão de Ithomiinae investigado na estação seca de 2004 em uma floresta de galeria do Brasil central, e testa algumas hipóteses relacionadas à formação do bolsão. -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88318-4 - Speciation and Patterns of Diversity Edited by Roger K. Butlin, Jon R. Bridle and Dolph Schluter Frontmatter More information Speciation and Patterns of Diversity Bringing together the viewpoints of leading ecologists concerned with the processes that generate patterns of diversity, and evolutionary biologists who focus on mechanisms of speciation, this book opens up discussion in order to broaden understanding of how speciation affects patterns of biological diversity, especially the uneven distribution of diversity across time, space and taxa studied by macroecologists. The contributors discuss questions such as: Are species equivalent units, providing meaningful measures of diversity? To what extent do mechanisms of speciation affect the functional nature and distribution of species diversity? How can speciation rates be measured using molecular phylogenies or data from the fossil record? What are the factors that explain variation in rates? Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book promotes a more complete understanding of the interaction between mechanisms and rates of speciation and these patterns in biological diversity. R OGER B UTLIN is Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Animal and Plant Sciences, at the University of Sheffield. He has held a prestigious Royal Society Research Fellowship at the University of Cardiff and his work has been recognized by honorary fellowships at the Natural History Museum, Zoological Society of London, and Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. J ON B RIDLE is Lecturer in Biology, in the School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol. Since completing his PhD in Evolutionary Genetics in 1998, he has conducted research in quantitative genetics and evolutionary biology at University College London, University of Cardiff, Universidad Auto´ noma de Madrid, and the Institute of Zoology, London. -
Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera)
Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México 1 Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) Martha Madora Astudillo, Rosamond Coates, Mario A. Alvarado-Mota y Dioselina Díaz-Sánchez Fotos: Martha Madora Astudillo. © Martha Madora Astudillo [[email protected]]. Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Agradecimientos: Al Dr. Fernando Hernández-Baz (Universidad Veracruzana), por la determinación de los ejemplares. [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [942] versión 1 9/2017 1 Adelpha diazi 2 Adelpha felderi 3 Adelpha leuceria 4 Adelpha leucerioides Beutelspacher, 1975 (Boisduval, 1870) (H. Druce, 1874) Beutelspacher, 1975 5 Adelpha lycorias melanthe 6 Adelpha milleri 7 Adelpha naxia naxia 8 Adelpha phylaca phylaca (H. Bates, 1864) Beutelspacher, 1976 (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (H. Bates, 1866) 9 Adelpha serpa celerio 10 Aeria eurimedia pacifica 11 Altinote ozomene nox 12 Anartia fatima fatima (H. Bates, 1864) Godman & Salvin, 1879 (H. Bates, 1864) (Fabricius, 1793) 13 Anartia jatrophae luteipicta 14 Anthanassa ptolyca ptolyca 15 Archaeoprepona a. amphiktion 16 Archaeoprepona demophon centralis Fruhstorfer, 1907 (H. Bates, 1864) Fruhstorfer, 1916 Fruhstorfer, 1904 17 Biblis hyperia aganisa 18 Caligo telamonius memnon 19 Caligo uranus 20 Callicore lyca lyca Boisduval, 1836 (C. Felder y R. Felder, 1867) Herrich-Schäffer, 1850 (Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847) Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México 2 Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) Martha Madora Astudillo, Rosamond Coates, Mario A. Alvarado-Mota y Dioselina Díaz-Sánchez Fotos: Martha Madora Astudillo. © Martha Madora Astudillo [[email protected]]. Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Agradecimientos: Al Dr. Fernando Hernández-Baz (Universidad Veracruzana), por la determinación de los ejemplares. -
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 329 ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 329 ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH ANNONA SPP. IN THE NEOTROPICS J. E. PEÑA1 AND F. D. BENNETT2 1University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280th Street, Homestead, FL 33031 2University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, 970 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611 ABSTRACT Two hundred and ninety-six species of arthropods are associated with Annona spp. The genus Bephratelloides (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and the species Cerconota anonella (Sepp) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) are the most serious pests of Annona spp. Host plant and distribution are given for each pest species. Key Words: Annona, arthropods, Insecta. RESUMEN Doscientas noventa y seis especies de arthrópodos están asociadas con Annona spp. en el Neotrópico. De las especies mencionadas, el género Bephratelloides (Hyme- noptera: Eurytomidae) y la especie Cerconota anonella (Sepp) (Lepidoptera: Oecopho- ridae) sobresalen como las plagas mas importantes de Annona spp. Se mencionan las plantas hospederas y la distribución de cada especie. The genus Annona is confined almost entirely to tropical and subtropical America and the Caribbean region (Safford 1914). Edible species include Annona muricata L. (soursop), A. squamosa L. (sugar apple), A. cherimola Mill. (cherimoya), and A. retic- ulata L. (custard apple). Each geographical region has its own distinctive pest fauna, composed of indigenous and introduced species (Bennett & Alam 1985, Brathwaite et al. 1986, Brunner et al. 1975, D’Araujo et al. 1968, Medina-Gaud et al. 1989, Peña et al. 1984, Posada 1989, Venturi 1966). These reports place emphasis on the broader as- pects of pest species. Some recent regional reviews of the status of important pests and their control have been published in Puerto Rico, U.S.A., Colombia, Venezuela, the Caribbean Region and Chile (Medina-Gaud et al. -
Sociality in Caterpillars: Investigations Into the Mechanisms Associated with Grouping Behaviour, from Vibroacoustics to Sociogenomics
Sociality in Caterpillars: Investigations into the Mechanisms Associated with Grouping Behaviour, from Vibroacoustics to Sociogenomics by Chanchal Yadav A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2020, Chanchal Yadav Abstract Social grouping is widespread among larval insects, particularly in a number of phytophagous larval Lepidoptera (caterpillars). Although the benefits of social grouping are widely recognized, the proximate mechanisms mediating grouping behaviour, such as group formation and maintenance, are poorly understood. My Ph.D. thesis takes a pioneering approach to understanding these mechanisms, specifically, by studying the roles of vibroacoustics and sociogenomics, using the masked birch caterpillar, Drepana arcuata (Lepidoptera: Drepanoidea), as a model. There are two main objectives of my thesis - (i) to test the hypothesis that caterpillars employ plant-borne vibratory signals to recruit conspecifics to social groups; and (ii) to test the hypothesis that differential gene expression is associated with developmental transitions from social to solitary behavioural states. For the first objective, I documented morphological and behavioural changes in the larvae, showing that there are five larval instars, and developmental changes in social and signalling behaviour. Specifically, early instars (I, II) live in small social groups, and late instars (IV, V) live solitarily, with third instars (III) being transitional. Instars I-III generate four signal types (AS, BS, MS, MD), instars IV, V generate three signals (AS, MS, MD). I then used an experimental approach to test if early instars employ vibrations during social recruitment, and found that vibratory signals are used to advertise feeding and silk shelters, leading to recruitment, with higher signalling rates resulting in faster joining times by conspecifics. -
BUTTERFLIES in Thewest Indies of the Caribbean
PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA E-mail: [email protected]@focusonnature.com Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555 oror 302/529-1876302/529-1876 BUTTERFLIES and MOTHS in the West Indies of the Caribbean in Antigua and Barbuda the Bahamas Barbados the Cayman Islands Cuba Dominica the Dominican Republic Guadeloupe Jamaica Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Lucia Saint Vincent the Virgin Islands and the ABC islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao Butterflies in the Caribbean exclusively in Trinidad & Tobago are not in this list. Focus On Nature Tours in the Caribbean have been in: January, February, March, April, May, July, and December. Upper right photo: a HISPANIOLAN KING, Anetia jaegeri, photographed during the FONT tour in the Dominican Republic in February 2012. The genus is nearly entirely in West Indian islands, the species is nearly restricted to Hispaniola. This list of Butterflies of the West Indies compiled by Armas Hill Among the butterfly groupings in this list, links to: Swallowtails: family PAPILIONIDAE with the genera: Battus, Papilio, Parides Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs: family PIERIDAE Mimic-whites: subfamily DISMORPHIINAE with the genus: Dismorphia Subfamily PIERINAE withwith thethe genera:genera: Ascia,Ascia, Ganyra,Ganyra, Glutophrissa,Glutophrissa, MeleteMelete Subfamily COLIADINAE with the genera: Abaeis, Anteos, Aphrissa, Eurema, Kricogonia, Nathalis, Phoebis, Pyrisitia, Zerene Gossamer Wings: family LYCAENIDAE Hairstreaks: subfamily THECLINAE with the genera: Allosmaitia, Calycopis, Chlorostrymon, Cyanophrys,