DOCSLIB.ORG

TAXON:Cucumis Metuliferus SCORE:11.0 RATING:High Risk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TAXON:Cucumis Metuliferus SCORE:11.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Cucumis metuliferus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Cucumis metuliferus Family: Cucurbitaceae Common Name(s): African horned cucumber Synonym(s): Cucumis tinneanus Kotschy & Peyr. African horned melon horny cucumber jelly melon Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 6 Jan 2015 WRA Score: 11.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Weedy Vine, Spiny Fruit, Edible, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems Creation Date: 6 Jan 2015 (Cucumis metuliferus) Page 1 of 17 TAXON: Cucumis metuliferus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 y 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 n 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 6 Jan 2015 (Cucumis metuliferus) Page 2 of 17 TAXON: Cucumis metuliferus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [Cultivars selected for improved taste & increased size of fruit, but otherwise, no evidence that cultivation has reduced competitive ability] "In Kenya, New Zealand, France and Israel the fruits of improved cultivars are commercially grown for export." ... "Fruits from wild-growing plants are often bitter and inedible. Traditional medical practitioners in Zimbabwe consider the bitter wild fruits as poisonous if taken by mouth." ... "Specimens with non-bitter fruits, totally lacking spiny protuberances, have been observed both in the Wilkins-Ellert, M.H. 2004. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex wild and under semi-cultivated conditions near Bulawayo Naudin In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). (Zimbabwe)." ... "Fruit quality in horned melon is measured by PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, colour, size, taste, acidity and aroma. Original cultigens tested were Wageningen, Netherlands found somewhat lacking in the taste factor, however these lines were being tested for plant vigour and pest and disease resistances. There is a need to identify sweet-fruited cultivars. More recent studies with germplasm from Botswana and Zimbabwe showed promising results for increased size and improved taste. Within the germplasm being grown in Zimbabwe and South Africa, cultivars are found with large (up to 18 cm) fruits; they are orange when ripe and have pleasantly tasting flesh, used as an attractive ingredient in fruit salads." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes Wilkins-Ellert, M.H. 2004. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex "Cucumis metuliferus occurs naturally throughout the tropical and Naudin In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). subtropical sub-Saharan regions of Africa, from Senegal to Somalia PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, and South Africa." Wageningen, Netherlands Creation Date: 6 Jan 2015 (Cucumis metuliferus) Page 3 of 17 TAXON: Cucumis metuliferus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes Wilkins-Ellert, M.H. 2004. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). "...occurs naturally throughout the tropical and subtropical sub- PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Saharan regions of Africa..." Wageningen, Netherlands 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Bester, S.P. & Condy, G. 2013. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. "Herbarium specimens of this species have been collected from a ex Naudin. Flowering Plants of Africa 63: ϱϲʹϲϰ wide altitudinal range, from ϮϭϬʹϭϴϬϬm above sea level." [Grows in tropical climates, but elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating some environmental versatility] "The natural habitat Wilkins-Ellert, M.H. 2004. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex of horned melon ranges from low-altitude riverine semi-evergreen Naudin In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). forest to semi-arid highlands and Kalahari sands. Horned melon is a PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, warm-season grower in tropical to subtropical regions, and does not Wageningen, Netherlands tolerate cold conditions. It occurs at altitudes from near sea level to 1800 m." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Cucumis metuliferus occurs naturally throughout the tropical and Wilkins-Ellert, M.H. 2004. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex subtropical sub-Saharan regions of Africa, from Senegal to Somalia Naudin In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). and South Africa. It has also been recorded in Yemen. In Kenya, New PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Zealand, France and Israel the fruits of improved cultivars are Wageningen, Netherlands commercially grown for export. Cucumis metuliferus has become naturalized in Australia, and is reported as adventive in Croatia." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Cucumis metuliferus occurs naturally throughout the tropical and Wilkins-Ellert, M.H. 2004. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex subtropical sub-Saharan regions of Africa, from Senegal to Somalia Naudin In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). and South Africa. It has also been recorded in Yemen. In Kenya, New PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Zealand, France and Israel the fruits of improved cultivars are Wageningen, Netherlands commercially grown for export." 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes Wilkins-Ellert, M.H. 2004. Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). "Cucumis metuliferus has become naturalized in Australia, and is PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, reported as adventive in Croatia." Wageningen, Netherlands Creation Date: 6 Jan 2015 (Cucumis metuliferus) Page 4 of 17 TAXON: Cucumis metuliferus SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer "It has been naturalized in Queensland, Australia, for at least 60 yr, as recalled by Gwen Rouse of Miami, who grew up there and, with her friends, ate the fruits as a child. Graham Jamieson, senior Morton, J. F. 1987. The Horned Cucumber, alias" horticulturist, Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, has Kiwano"(Cucumis metuliferus, Cucurbitaceae). Economic written me that it is included in Weeds of Queensland (1977) as a Botany, 41(2): 325-327 weed of sugarcane fields and farms along the Mulgrave and Herbert rivers, one controlled with herbicides and fruit disposal to prevent reseeding." Berlingeri, C., & Crespo, M. B. 2012. Inventory of related "Table 4 Inventory of major crop relatives in Venezuela" [Cucumis wild species of priority crops in Venezuela.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects of Cucumis Metuliferus (Cucurbitaceae) Fruits on Enzymes and Haematological Parameters in Albino Rats
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 6 (22) pp. 2515-2518, 19 November, 2007 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2007 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Effects of Cucumis metuliferus (Cucurbitaceae) fruits on enzymes and haematological parameters in albino rats Noel N. Wannang*, Nanloh S. Jimam, Simeon Omale, Maxwell L. P. Dapar, Steven S. Gyang and John C. Aguiyi Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria. Accepted 24 October, 2007 The effects of the powdered fruits of Cucumis metuliferus on enzymes and haematological indices were evaluated in adult albino rats. The study revealed a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in white blood cells (WBC) count. 500 mg/kg body weight of the powdered fruit produced a significant (P<0.05) decrease in red blood cells (RBC), and an increase in platelet and haemoglobin (Hb), while there was an insignificant (P>0.05) decrease in clotting and bleeding time. 1000 mg/kg produced significant (P<0.05) increase in RBC, platelets, Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) values, and an insignificant (P>0.05) decrease in clotting and bleeding time. The biochemical parameters evaluation showed that 500 - 1000 mg/kg of the powdered fruit of the plant produced a dose-dependent significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Total protein. This result showed that Cucumis metuliferus produced alterations in the haematological and biochemical indices evaluated. Keywords: Cucumis metuliferus, serum, enzymes, haematological.
    [Show full text]
  • Value Addition of Southern African Monkey Orange (Strychnos Spp.): Composition, Utilization and Quality Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze
    Value addition of Southern African monkey orange ( Value addition of Southern African monkey orange (Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze 2018 Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze Propositions 1. Food nutrition security can be improved by making use of indigenous fruits that are presently wasted, such as monkey orange. (this thesis) 2. Bioaccessibility of micronutrients in maize-based staple foods increases by complementation with Strychnos cocculoides. (this thesis) 3. The conclusion from Baker and Oswald (2010) that social media improve connections, neglects the fact that it concomitantly promotes solitude. (Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 27:7, 873–889) 4. Sustainable agriculture in developed countries can be achieved by mimicking third world small-holder agrarian systems. 5. Like first time parenting, there is no real set of instructions to prepare for the PhD journey. 6. Undertaking a sandwich PhD is like participating in a survival reality show. Propositions belonging to the thesis, entitled: Value addition of Southern African monkey orange (Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Ruth T. Ngadze Wageningen, October 10, 2018 Value addition of Southern African monkey orange (Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze i Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr V. Fogliano Professor of Food Quality and Design Wageningen University & Research Co-promotors Dr A. R. Linnemann Assistant professor, Food Quality and Design Wageningen University & Research Dr R. Verkerk Associate professor, Food Quality and Design Wageningen University & Research Other members Prof. M. Arlorio, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Italy Dr A. Melse-Boonstra, Wageningen University & Research Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Performance and Quality of the Cucumis Metuliferus E
    Investigating the performance and quality of the Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. Ex Naudin (African horned cucumber) under different growing environments for potential commercialisation by Mdungazi Knox Maluleke Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture at the University of South Africa College of Agriculture and Environemtal Sciences Department of Agriculture Supervisor: Prof. DM Modise (North West University) Co-supervisor: Prof. SJ Moja (Council for GeoSciences) Co-supervisor: Dr. MK Nyathi (Agricultural Research Council) ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the performance and quality of Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. Ex Naudin (African horned cucumber) under protected and open environment with the aim of comparing yield and quality for the purpose of commercialisation of the crop. Therefore, the overall objective was to determine a suitable growing environment for C. metuliferus between greenhouse, shade net and open field, so that a comparative yield and quality analysis could be done for the purpose of commercialisation of the crop. Cucumis metuliferus seeds are difficult to germinate under the normal suitable environmental conditions in which most farmers operate. Germination was evaluated with respect to growth medium, scarification and seed certification. These factors ultimately control yield and fruit quality. The main aim of the study was to investigate the effect or impact of seed certification, growth medium (sand and vermiculite, peat TS1 and seedling mix) and scarification on germination success of C. metuliferus seeds. The seeds were classified under four different categories viz. treated certified, non-treated certified, treated uncertified, and non-treated uncertified. Of the 540 certified and uncertified seeds sown in the three-growth media, 80% germinated, significantly more that those that failed.
    [Show full text]
  • Cucurbit Seed Production
    CUCURBIT SEED PRODUCTION An organic seed production manual for seed growers in the Mid-Atlantic and Southern U.S. Copyright © 2005 by Jeffrey H. McCormack, Ph.D. Some rights reserved. See page 36 for distribution and licensing information. For updates and additional resources, visit www.savingourseeds.org For comments or suggestions contact: [email protected] For distribution information please contact: Cricket Rakita Jeff McCormack Carolina Farm Stewardship Association or Garden Medicinals and Culinaries www.carolinafarmstewards.org www.gardenmedicinals.com www.savingourseed.org www.savingourseeds.org P.O. Box 448, Pittsboro, NC 27312 P.O. Box 320, Earlysville, VA 22936 (919) 542-2402 (434) 964-9113 Funding for this project was provided by USDA-CREES (Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service) through Southern SARE (Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education). Copyright © 2005 by Jeff McCormack 1 Version 1.4 November 2, 2005 Cucurbit Seed Production TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope of this manual .............................................................................................. 2 Botanical classification of cucurbits .................................................................... 3 Squash ......................................................................................................................... 4 Cucumber ................................................................................................................... 15 Melon (Muskmelon) .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cophorticultura 1(2019) BT1
    Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LXIII, No. 1, 2019 Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653 RESEARCH RESULTS REGARDING THE ANATOMY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS OF CUCURBITACEAE Vasilica LUCHIAN, Gabriela (IORDACHE) TEODOSIU University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, Romania Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract The Cucurbitaceae family is one of the most important plant families worldwide. It includes the largest number of well- known plants used for human food and medicinal purposes. Some of the important plants that have been studied are cultivated in Romania - Momordica charantia L., Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. Ex Naud. and Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem (syn L. aegyptiaca Mill.). We compared the stem anatomy of three representative Cucurbitaceae members. We found similarities in the arrangement and distribution of cells and tissues in the organs under investigation. The detailed anatomy of the three species is presented in this paper. Comparative anatomical studies of the three species, with variations in the number of tissues, is shown together for the first time. This study is, therefore, based on the principles that research anatomy has played a major role in the identification, characterization and delimitation of botanical taxonomic features. Key words: stem anatomy, Momordica charantia, Luffa cylindrica, Cucumis metuliferus. INTRODUCTION 2011) and antihyperglycemic (Abascal et al., 2005; Kravinkel et al., 2006; Michael et al., The Cucurbitaceae family is one of the most 2006; Sharma, 1960, Sophowora, 1995), important plant families worldwide. It includes antioxidant (Sathishsekar, 2005), antiviral the largest number of well-known plants used (Basch, 2003) in Asian and Latin American for human food and other purposes in different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Somatic Chromosome Differentiation in Cucumis Melo L. and C
    Chromosome Botany (2013) 8: 7-12 © Copyright 2013 by the International Society of Chromosome Botany Somatic chromosome differentiation in Cucumis melo L. and C. metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin Yoshikazu Hoshi1,6, Michiko Kido2, Kouhei Yagi3, Norikazu Tagashira4, Atsumi Morikawa5 and Katsuya Nagano1 1Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayo, Minamiaso-Mura, Aso-Gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan; 2Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University; Tokai University, Kawayo, Minamiaso-Mura, Aso-Gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan; 3Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; 4Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Hiroshima Jogakuin University, 4-13-1 Ushita Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima 732-0063, Japan; 5Agricultural Training Station, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayo, Minamiaso-Mura, Aso-Gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan 6Author for correspondence: ([email protected]) Received January 25, 2013; accepted February 22, 2013 ABSTRACT. Fluorescent banding with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were employed to investigate the chromosome differentiation in C. melo and C. metuliferus. The chromosome number of 2n=24 was counted in the two species. Average chromosome lengths, total chromosome lengths and ranges in chromosome lengths of the two species were very similar to each other. In spite of the karyomorphological similarity, fluorescent chromosome banding pattern was quite different in each other. Unlike the C. melo, C. metuliferus had unexpected chromosome- specific CMA and DAPI bands, especially in prometaphase. In FISH, two 5S rDNA and four 45S rDNA signals were detected at the ends of chromosomes of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Horned Melon (Cucumis Metuliferus: Cucurbitaceae)
    HORNED MELON CUCUMIS METULIFERUS CUCURBITACEAE DANIELLE MCDERMOTT BIOL 310 DR. SHIPUNOV NAME AND CLASSIFICATION • Also known as Kiwano, African horned cucumber, melon, jelly melon, hedged gourd, melano • Part of the cucumber and melon family, Cucurbitaceae GEOGRAPHY OF CULTIVATION AND ORIGIN • Native to Southern and Central parts of Africa • Now grown in the United States, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Chile, Australia and New Zealand • Grows in fields and scrublands • In Zimbabwe it is called Gaka and is primarily used as a snack or salad • Also used in the Kalahari Desert as a source of water FRUIT DESCRIPTION • Horn-like spines • Ripe fruit has orange skin and lime green, jelly like flesh with a fruity taste. • Texture is like passionfruit or a pomegranate • Taste has been compared to a combination of banana and passionfruit or a combination of banana, cucumber and lime • Adding salt or sugar can increase the flavor • Eating the peel also has dietary benefits PLANT DESCRIPTION • Develops long fine stems that can reach 5 to 10 feet in length • Soft heart shaped leaves covered with hairs • Flowers are yellow colored to attract bees and bumblebees for pollination • Also available in the smooth form (without spikes) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zc3xsWtiwUY STAGES OF GROWTH FEATURES OF CULTIVATION • Temperature between 68 to 95 degrees F • Best in full sunlight and well drained slightly acidic soils • Produce up to 100 fruit per season • Very long shelf life • Can be eaten at any stage of ripening but when it becomes overripened, it will
    [Show full text]
  • Incompatibility in Diploid and Tetraploid Crosses of Cucumis Sativus and Cucumis Metuliferus
    Euphytica 128: 371–374, 2002. 371 © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Incompatibility in diploid and tetraploid crosses of Cucumis sativus and Cucumis metuliferus S. Alan Walters1 & Todd C. Wehner2 1Department of Plant, Soil, and General Agriculture, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-4415, U.S.A.; 2Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, U.S.A. Received 3 January 2001; accepted 26 April 2002 Key words: African horned cucumber, cucumber, Cucumis sativus, C. metuliferus, interspecific hybridization, polyploidy, vegetable breeding Summary The African horned cucumber (Cucumis metuliferus Naud.; 2x = 2n = 24) contains genes that can confer resistance to many important cucumber (C. sativus L.; 2x = 2n = 14) pests [e.g., root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood]. Cucumber is highly susceptible to this root-knot nematode species, and a recent screening of C. sativus accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm collection did not identify sources of resistance. Thus, autotetraploids of Cucumis sativus and C. metuliferus were created to recover fertile resistant interspecific progeny. Autotetraploids were obtained at the highest rate when seeds were immersed in 0.5% col- chicine for a period of 6 to 8 hrs. Treatment durations less than 6 hrs produced few tetraploids, and durations of 10 hrs or more were lethal to seeds or developing seedlings. Crosses between C. sativus and C. metuliferus were made using diploid and tetraploid lines in all possible combinations, including reciprocals. Fruit development occurred in crosses when diploid and tetraploid C. sativus were used as the female parent. However, seeds developed only in fruit of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrient Concentration of African Horned Cucumber (Cucumis Metuliferus L) Fruit Under Different Soil Types, Environments, and Varying Irrigation Water Levels
    horticulturae Article Nutrient Concentration of African Horned Cucumber (Cucumis metuliferus L) Fruit under Different Soil Types, Environments, and Varying Irrigation Water Levels Mdungazi K Maluleke 1,*, Shadung J Moja 2, Melvin Nyathi 3 and David M Modise 4 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Tshwane 0002, South Africa 2 Council of Geosciences, Water and Environment Business Unit: Geological Resource Division, Silverton, Tshwane 0002, South Africa; [email protected] 3 Agricultural Research Council, Tshwane 0002, South Africa; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The nutrient concentration of most crops depends on factors such as amount of water, growing environment, sunlight, and soil types. However, the factors influencing nutrient concen- tration of African horned cucumber fruit are not yet known. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different water stress levels, soil types, and growing environments on the nutrient concentration of African horned cucumber fruit. Freeze-dried fruit samples were used in the quantification of b-carotene and total soluble sugars. The results demonstrated that plants grown under the shade net, combined with severe water stress level and loamy soil, had increased total Citation: Maluleke, M.K; Moja, S.J; soluble sugars (from 8 to 16 ◦Brix). Under the shade-net environment, the combination of moderate Nyathi, M.; Modise, D.M Nutrient Concentration of African Horned water stress level and loamy soil resulted in increased crude protein content (from 6.22 to 6.34% ◦ Cucumber (Cucumis metuliferus L) Brix).
    [Show full text]
  • Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) and Melon (C. Melo) Have Numerous Wild Relatives in Asia and Australia, and the Sister Species of Melon Is from Australia
    Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo) have numerous wild relatives in Asia and Australia, and the sister species of melon is from Australia Patrizia Sebastiana, Hanno Schaeferb, Ian R. H. Telfordc, and Susanne S. Rennera,1 aDepartment of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany; bOrganismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and cSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia Edited* by Barbara A. Schaal, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, and approved June 16, 2010 (received for review April 19, 2010) Among the fundamental questions regarding cultivated plants is (13). The first complete genome of cucumber was released last year their geographic origin and region of domestication. The genus (14), and the genome of melon is being completed (15). Cucumis, which includes cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon In contrast to cucumber, the geographic origin and region of (Cucumis melo), has numerous wild African species, and it has domestication of melon (Cucumis melo) have remained unclear. therefore been assumed that melon originated in Africa. For cucum- Nineteenth-century taxonomists suggested that melon probably ber, this seemed less likely because wild cucumbers exist in India originated and was domesticated in Asia (e.g., ref. 11). This idea and a closely related species lives in the Eastern Himalayas. Using became discredited as workers began to study Cucumis chromo- DNA sequences from plastid and nuclear markers for some 100 some numbers (16). C. sativus has a chromosome number of Cucumis accessions from Africa, Australia, and Asia, we show here 2n = 14, whereas C. melo has a chromosome number of 2n = 24.
    [Show full text]
  • USER GUIDE Barbara Stadlmayr, Stepha Mcmullin, Ramni Jamnadass World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya Citation: Stadlmayr B, Mcmullin S, Jamnadass R
    i PRIORITY FOOD TREE AND CROP FOOD COMPOSITION DATABASE: A USER GUIDE Barbara Stadlmayr, Stepha McMullin, Ramni Jamnadass World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya Citation: Stadlmayr B, McMullin S, Jamnadass R. 2019. Priority Food Tree and Crop Food Composition Database: A User Guide. Version 1. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Photos: World Agroforestry Published by World Agroforestry United Nations Avenue P O Box 30677, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254(0)20 722 4000, via USA +1 650 833 6645 Email: [email protected] Website: www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry 2019 ISBN: 978 9966 108 26 5 Articles appearing in this publication may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes. Priority Food Tree and Crop Food Composition Database: A USER GUIDE iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................................................v 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Why was the Database Developed? ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Cucumis Genus
    Review Volume 12, Issue 1, 2022, 1324 - 1334 https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC121.13241334 Chemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Cucumis genus Muhamad Insanu 1 , Defri Rizaldy 1 , Velina Silviani 1,* , Irda Fidrianny 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia; [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (I.F.); * Correspondence: [email protected]; Received: 10.03.2021; Revised: 10.04.2021; Accepted: 14.04.2021; Published: 27.04.2021 Abstract: Cucumis genus is one of the genera from the Cucurbitaceae family. Cucumis genus plants have many health benefits. They are known as traditional medicinal plants in several countries in Asia, including Indonesia. This literature review discusses the topic of traditional use, phytochemical compounds, nutritional content, pharmacological activity, genotoxicology, and toxicity tests of the Cucumis genus plants based on data obtained from scientific databases and search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Cucumis genus plants contain many chemical compounds, such as cucurbitacin, phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, essential oils, and fatty acids. Several studies have shown that Cucumis genus plants exhibited some pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiwrinkle, and anticancer activity. Cucumis genus plants also have useful therapeutic effects for osteoarthritis, ulcerative colitis, and wound healing. Each part of Cucumis genus plants contains phytochemical compounds that are different from one another. Their pharmacological activities are also different, depending on the phytochemical compounds and Cucumis genus plants' plant parts. However, more recent studies are needed regarding the genotoxicology and toxicity of the Cucumis genus plants.
    [Show full text]