Elle Et Lui an Affair to Remember Leo Mccarey

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Elle Et Lui an Affair to Remember Leo Mccarey Elle et lui An Affair to Remember Leo McCarey Pitch raisons Après avoir accumulé quelques échecs commerciaux mais surtout connu de grands de voir le film succès (dont La Soupe au canard avec les Marx Brothers), Leo McCarey achève sa carrière 3 hollywoodienne en renouant avec le « burlesque sentimental » qui définit son œuvre. Grâce à Elle et lui (1957), remake de son propre film Love Affair (1939), il remet en scène une histoire d’amour impossible et dépaysante qui a les faveurs du public : lors d’une croisière le long de la Côte d’Azur française, un séducteur mondain, Nickie Ferrante (Cary Grant), 1. Comment tomber et une jeune femme sarcastique, Terry McKay (Deborah Kerr), tombent amoureux l’un de l’autre amoureux et devoir en dépit de leurs engagements sentimentaux respectifs. Ils se donnent rendez-vous six mois le cacher ? plus tard au sommet de l’Empire State Building pour se retrouver… th Un film phare de Distribué par la 20 Century Fox, Elle et lui devient un grand succès, au point qu’il sera cité 2. plusieurs fois dans des productions ultérieures. Notamment des séries télévisées (de Sex and la comédie sentimentale the City à Gossip Girl) et des comédies romantiques comme Nuits blanches à Seattle (1993), américaine. où Tom Hanks et Meg Ryan tentent de se retrouver en haut de l’Empire State Building en hommage au film. Un an plus tard, Hollywood en produit aussi un remake, Love Affair (1994, Deborah Kerr 3. Rendez-vous avec le destin), avec Warren Beatty et Annette Bening. Et même Bollywood et Cary Grant : un duo sera marqué par cette comédie sentimentale, à travers des films commeBheegi Raat (1965) glamour. et surtout Mann (1999) qui reprend le film scène pour scène. Bande-annonce Zoom Située dans la première partie du film, à bord du paquebot, cette image est ironique à plus d’un titre. Les deux amants « secrets » ne souhaitent pas rendre publique leur aventure mais toutes leurs tentatives de discrétion se soldent par un échec. Ayant décidé de ne pas manger ouvertement à la même table, ils ne remarquent qu’a posteriori qu’ils ont été certes placés à des tables différentes, mais dos à dos. C’est le rire et les ricanements des autres passagers qui leur font comprendre la situation mais aussi à quel point personne à bord n’est dupe de leur idylle. C’est donc la représentation burlesque, volontairement théâtrale et vaudevillesque, d’un couple qui a cru mettre en scène sa discrétion. Mais elle se double de la représentation symbolique de la rupture annoncée – à la manière d’un split-screen – d’une aventure sincère mais tranchée au couteau, frustrée, car potentiellement illégitime aux yeux de la société et au regard de la pudeur et de la culpabilité du couple lui-même. Dos à dos, mais aussi chacun « dos au mur » dans sa vie personnelle, le couple forme une entité à deux corps et deux visages. Duo gémellaire ou miroir du désir (et arrière-pensée) de l’autre ? Entre yin et yang, costume noir et robe blanche, s’échapperont-ils ensemble pour disparaître et se recomposer ? Moqués, les deux amants sont d’abord incapables d’affronter leur propre coexistence face au reste du monde. Cette image et cette scène posent donc la question, pour les scènes suivantes, d’un coming-out, d’une recomposition et d’une réaffirmation du couple. 1 8 Elle et lui An Affair to Remember Leo McCarey Une scène de brèves retrouvailles au théâtre constituera une nouvelle prise de distance et une brisure entre les deux amants, l’un debout, l’autre assise. La réconciliation finale sera soulagée de toute présence extérieure mais démasquée dans son amour vrai. Dans un ultime jeu de miroir, le couple refondera-t-il ses « assises » et son image complète ? Carnet de création Budget luxueux pour récit élégant Tourné en format cinémascope début 1957, Elle et lui est produit, réalisé et coécrit par Leo McCarey (avec Delmer Daves). Son empreinte se ressent sur toutes les étapes de la création du film. McCarey obtient par ailleurs deux grandes starsglamour et élégantes (ayant qui plus est déjà joué ensemble), Cary Grant et Deborah Kerr (même si Ingrid Bergman fut initialement pressentie). Le duo s’entend bien et fonctionne parfaitement à l’écran, au point que les improvisations des interprètes, encouragées par McCarey, sont conservées telles quelles dans le montage final. Grâce à un budget important, les scènes extérieures supposées se dérouler sur la Côte d’Azur sont effectivement réalisées dans les Alpes-Maritimes à Villefranche-sur-Mer, mais plusieurs sont reconstituées en studio. De même, plusieurs scènes sont tournées à New York mais la majorité (surtout les intérieurs) sont fabriquées dans les studios de la 20th Century Fox à Los Angeles. Des fonds truqués sont employés pour la profondeur de champ afin de donner l’illusion de vues panoramiques en arrière-plan, comme cela se pratiquait encore beaucoup à l’époque. L’équipe technique et artistique d’Elle et lui bénéficie de plusieurs grands noms, dont le chef opérateur Milton Krasner (spécialisé dans les comédies) et le directeur artistique Jack Martin Smith (coutumier des grosses productions). Enfin, il est à noter que Marni Nixon prête sa voix à Deborah Kerr pour l’interprétation des chansons (Our Love Affair, Continuez), la plupart composées par Harry Warren sur des paroles coécrites par Leo McCarey lui-même. Parti pris Tavernier évoque les constantes du cinéma de McCarey « Toute la carrière de McCarey a toujours su passer, et nous faire passer, du sourire à l’émotion et du rire aux larmes. Spécialiste du comique sous toutes ses formes, il a néanmoins cédé très tôt à son penchant pour les belles histoires sentimentales, les situations pathétiques, les attendrissements, d’où une forme assez personnelle de comédie dramatique, genre où il se sent le plus à l’aise, car la pudeur s’y allie à la sentimentalité, usant de l’humour pour la tempérer. [...] Une autre constante du cinéma de McCarey est le recours à la frustration sentimentale et sexuelle, à l’impossibilité de consommation et, à la limite, à l’asexualité. La plupart de ses films concernent des couples potentiels qui, pour diverses raisons, ne peuvent devenir de véritables couples… » Bertrand Tavernier et Jean-Pierre Coursodon, 50 ans de cinéma américain, éd. Nathan, 1991, p. 659. Matière à débat Un remake meilleur que l’original ? Elle et lui (An Affair to Remember) est un remake de Love Affair (1939) avec Irene Dunne et Charles Boyer. Le jeu des différences entre film original etremake est toujours source de débat entre les cinéphiles, mais il permet peut-être de mieux identifier la singularité de chaque œuvre. Outre le budget et la durée (plus longue dans le film de 1957), certains commentateurs voient la différence principale dans la distribution : « Deborah Kerr est beaucoup plus à l’aise dans la souffrance noble que dans le marivaudage ironique. Aucun acteur n’aurait pu, mieux que Charles Boyer, exprimer ce mélange subtil de charme et de vulnérabilité que fait disparaître l’assurance désinvolte de Cary Grant (Grant a en revanche toujours l’air un peu mal à l’aise dans les scènes d’émotion). La combinaison Kerr-Grant 2 8 Elle et lui An Affair to Remember Leo McCarey donne au remake une élégance qui s’harmonise avec l’opulence de la production, mais ils sont trop élégants pour retrouver la qualité inimitable des échanges de Dunne et Boyer dans l’original. » 50 ans de cinéma américain, op. cit., p. 662. Pour d’autres encore, le remake d’un film par son propre auteur – comme ce sera le cas pour Hitchcock sur L’homme qui en savait trop, 1936 et 1954 – dessine une réflexion, voire un autoportrait, de l’auteur, d’autant que McCarey partage des origines françaises avec son personnage, Nickie Ferrante. Quelques commentateurs reviendront par ailleurs sur l’écho qui se crée entre les titres des deux films, sensiblement distincts : « Comme si, par ce nouveau titre, [Leo McCarey] s’adressait une sorte d’exhortation à lui-même destinée à lui rappeler (cf. « to remember ») un talent couronné dans le passé (cf. « an affair »), mais sans doute toujours présent. » Ainsi, le choix du nouveau titre pourrait se lire en référence au titre de la première version qu’il évoquerait comme un succès à (se) rappeler. » On peut aussi évoquer la phrase de Janou, la grand-mère du héros, à propos de Nickie (« Il a beaucoup de talent. Malheureusement, il est aussi très critique. L’artiste voudrait créer mais le critique voudrait détruire. ») pour l’appliquer à Leo McCarey et voir dans la métamorphose de Nickie en artiste créateur une forme d’invocation de l’inspiration par laquelle le réalisateur crée, une seconde fois, une œuvre vibrante d’authenticité. (D’après Henri Philibert-Caillat, in Libre Savoir.) Un jeu de cache-cache tragicomique Elle et lui base son récit et sa mise en scène sur la nature « libérée » du couple principal, que certains spectateurs puritains de l’époque auraient pu qualifier d’amorale. Pourtant, tout ou presque tente d’être masqué, pudiquement. Le premier baiser entre les deux amants intervient tard dans le film et il est laissé, qui plus est, hors champ. Trop précieux et authentique pour être partagé, ce moment appartient aux deux protagonistes. Une belle audace pour un film romantique où le baiser est tant attendu ! Leo McCarey joue pendant le restant du film sur cette même idée, un « caché-montré » sentimental entre les protagonistes et les spectateurs. Dans la première partie du film, plusieurs gags visuels expriment ainsi le jeu de cache-cache et la liaison « cachée » des deux amants, mais le jeu évolue progressivement vers le drame personnel : Terry devra non seulement dissimuler ses sentiments pour Nickie, mais aussi masquer les raisons de son absence lors du rendez-vous fixé au sommet de l’Empire State Building.
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