The Civil War Era in

A Look at Society During These Changing Times Industrial Landscape

 was a growing city  Lake shore area developing  Madison was developed  Smaller towns emerged in between the two  Timber speculators began to move to Chippewa and St. Croix River valleys Women

 Frontier promised opportunity  Earn money 3x faster  Teaching  Mainly men at first  Women were willing to work for less $  Women were able to change teaching schedules, when kids needed for planting/harvesting Women

 Married? No independent access to law courts  Restricted in job activities  Women’s newspaper- Mathilde Anneke  No voting rights  1850- could have property independent from husband’s  1855- could use own wages without husband’s approval, only if husband couldn’t provide support Native Americans

 Not counted in census until 1860  Based off of:  “civilized”  “half-breeds”  “Indians taxed”  “broken bands and scattered remnants of tribes”  “tribal” (reservation) African Americans

 First brought as slaves by Missourian lead miners  Slavery prohibited, but no enforcement  Not allowed to serve in militia  More freedoms in the North- Allowed to:  interracially marry  own property  hold any occupation  send children to public schools  appeal to courts  testify against whites  serve on juries  hold public meetings African Americans

 Summer 1850  Exercised right to assemble and protest  Fed law allowing Southern slave catchers to apprehend blacks in the North, if person was a runaway  Recognized threat to security  Assisted in “Underground Railroad” to Canada Anti-Slavery Movement

 Liberty Party- 1840- forced national politics to take a stand  Great support in WI w/ Yankees  “Free Soil”- ignore slavery where it already was and focus on where it could move to  Fugitive Slave Law- 1850- California as free state to the Union Challenging the Fugitive Slave Law

 (slave)/ Sherman Booth (white)  Booth protested Glover’s arrest  Mob rushed the jail and set Glover free  Booth arrested for violating Fugitive Slave Law Joshua Glover Rescue Kansas-Nebraska Act

 Option to allow all new states in the West a choice- slave or free  Northerners felt this was a way to support slavery  Undermined previous ruling in Compromise of 1820 Birth of the Republican Party

 Congregational church in Ripon, Fond du Lac County  Men and women attended  If Nebraska bill passed? New party would form on basis of anti-slavery  Alan E. Bovay proposed the name Republican  Suggested equality  Republican was a good name w/ foreign nations Birthplace of the Republican Party Birth of the Republican Party

 Nationwide: attracted religious-minded reformers  Temperance advocates  Nativists- stop influx of immigrants  Wisconsin:  Anti-slavery  No mention of temperance or nativism to get immigrant vote  Successful in many elections  Republicans control state for next 17 yrs Wisconsin vs. the United States

 Issues over Booth  U.S. Supreme Court said Fugitive Slave Law stood  Wisconsin Legislature and Gov. Randall said U.S. Supreme Court overstepped bounds  “Personal liberty law” – prohibited use of state agencies to recover fugitives  Lincoln not Republicans’ first choice  Free Soil issue- Lincoln supported Wisconsin and Lincoln

 Divided over matters of ethnicity and political party support  “Radical* Republicans” wanted candidate to support emancipation  * Those ahead of Lincoln & other “Free Soilers” on the question of emancipating slaves  Lincoln won: 86,116 to 66,063 The Onset of the Civil War

 South Carolina seceded from the Union  Hoped to trigger chain reaction among other Southern states  Confederate States of America elected Jefferson Davis as president of the new “nation”  WI said no to compromise of states’ rights and the Fugitive Slave Law  Ft. Sumter, Charleston, SC (last to be abandoned)  Lincoln supplied, didn’t reinforce  Southern guns opened fire  Lincoln issued proclamation- supply gov’t with 75,000 men to serve for three months Abolitionist Broadside

 Usually produced for passing commercial or political purpose  Standard communication in the 1850s  Purpose:  Use powerful and persuasive text  Catch attention with large print  Convince them to act in few words

Questions

 Who created this document?  Where?  When?  To whom is the document addressed? Questions

 How does the information in the document connect with the historical context of the mid-1850s?  Identify the central argument made in the text.  Specifically, identify two points the author makes to support this argument.  How does the author refer to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?  What political party do you think the author of the document supported? Explain.  Study the design and layout of the document. Visually, what words and phrases are emphasized? Wisconsin Goes to War Impact on the State Fiscally and Emotionally Governor Alexander Randall

 April 15, 1861- received telegram asking for WI to supply one regiment (780 men)  Within one week able to reach this  By the end of the year: 14,002 men  Aided in Legislature getting $100,000 for uniforms and equipment  Got $200,000 war loan  Ok by state to go into debt for military defense Why WI’s high involvement?

 About 9% of white males military age  Higher proportion that’s ever stepped up in any war in U.S. history  Patriotic fervor (support)  WI’s strong backing of anti-slavery and hatred for anything Southern Camp Randall

 20 companies of men left over  Gov. Randall assembled at fairgrounds outside of Madison  Colonel of the first regiment, the Second Wisconsin, named the site Camp Randall  Some 70,000 recruits got “basic” training here Camp Randall Race of Volunteers

 State and Fed authorities wanted Northern army to be “lily” white  Black citizens wanted to fight, Randall turned them down  Turned down white company commander who offered services of 200 Menominees  Randall’s successor wanted to change this, President declined request Eau Claire Eagles (8 th Regiment)

 Regiment from this area  Became famous as having a live eagle (Old Abe) as their mascot  Did well in battle, according to General Black Hat Brigade/ Iron Brigade

 Only all-Western Brigade  Special black hats w/ plumes  Renamed Iron Brigade based off of great military strength  Most famous unit in the Army Draft

 Wisconsin was supplying more and more, but enlistments lagged  Nov. 1862- WI Governor Edward Salomon ordered a draft in some counties  Provoked rioting because many immigrants fled their homeland to avoid drafting into the military  Provide substitute or pay $300 exemption fee  Summer 1862- invited enlistment of Afr-Amer and Nat-Amer War by the Numbers

 80,595 people from WI  51% of the males military age  1 in 7 failed to return