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Cells Review List

Cell

The three parts of the theory are: 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of and for living things. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Also, grow by “adding on more cells” NOT by increasing the size of their cells.

These scientists are credited with the following contributions towards the development of the : 1665 Examined cells. He is responsible for naming the spaces in the cork “cells.”

Anton Van Leeuwenhoeke 1673 Examined pond scum and saw “little ” ( and other single celled organisms) swimming around. He named the creatures “animalcules.”

Matthias Schleiden 1838 Examined cells and concluded that all parts of are composed of cells.

Theodore Schwann 1839 Examined and concluded that all parts of animals are composed of cells.

Rudolf Virchow 1858 Observed that cells could not develop from anything but existing cells.

Cell Structure

The within a cell are called . structures are designed to help them complete their functions. Be able to differentiate between structure and function of each organelle. Be able to identify if a cell is plant or animal based on the structures it contains.

Cell Membrane – found in both plant and animal cells Function: controls the passing of materials in and out of the cell; gets rid of waste Structure: surrounds the Nucleus – found in both plant and animal cells Function: acts as the control center of the cell Structure: holds the DNA/chromosomes Mitochondria – found in both plant and animal cells Function: release ATP Structure: double membrane organelle with inner folds

Vacuole – found in both plant and animal cells Function: Storage site for water, nutrients, and waste Structure: much larger in plant cells Cilia – found in unicellular organisms and some animal cells Function: used for Structure: tiny hair-like projections on the outside of certain cells – found in unicellular organisms and some animal cells Function: used for motion Structure: a long whip-like structure on the outside of certain cells – found in ONLY plant cells Function: supports and protects Structure: rigid; surrounds cytoplasm in s – found in ONLY plant cells Function: site of (how a plant makes food) Structure: Green; contains ; stacks of disc inside

The shape of a cell is designed for its function. Examples of this include:

Plant cells are elongated for stacking up; the cells are more box-like and rigid, with larger vacuoles for storing water. cells are round so they can travel through blood vessels and deliver oxygen and nutrients to the other cells of the body. Muscle cells are elongated for contracting and pulling on Single-celled pond organisms have cilia or flagella for movement.

ALL cells can…. Obtain energy (organelles responsible: and ) Get rid of waste (organelles responsible: lysosome and ) Grow and reproduce (organelles responsible: centriole and nucleus)