Tissue Engineering: from Cell Biology to Artificial Organs
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Regenerative Robotics
This is a repository copy of Regenerative robotics. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/147130/ Version: Published Version Article: Damian, D. orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-0182 (2019) Regenerative robotics. Birth Defects Research. ISSN 2472-1727 https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1533 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Received: 15 May 2019 Accepted: 19 May 2019 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1533 REVIEW ARTICLE Regenerative robotics Dana D. Damian Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Abstract Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom Congenital diseases requiring reconstruction of parts of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or bone are a challenge to alleviate especially in rapidly growing children. Correspondence Dana D. Damian, Department of Automatic Novel technologies may be the answer. This article presents the state-of-art in regen- Control and Systems Engineering, erative robotic technologies, which are technologies that assist tissues and organs to University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United regenerate using sensing and mechanotherapeutical capabilities. -
Tissue Tregs and Maintenance of Tissue Homeostasis
fcell-09-717903 August 12, 2021 Time: 13:32 # 1 REVIEW published: 18 August 2021 doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717903 Tissue Tregs and Maintenance of Tissue Homeostasis Qing Shao1,2,3,4†, Jian Gu1,2,3,4†, Jinren Zhou1,2,3,4†, Qi Wang1,2,3,4, Xiangyu Li1,2,3,4, Zhenhua Deng1,2,3,4 and Ling Lu1,2,3,4* 1 Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 2 Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China, 3 Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China, 4 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Regulatory T cells (Tregs) specifically expressing Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play roles in suppressing the immune response and maintaining immune homeostasis. Edited by: After maturation in the thymus, Tregs leave the thymus and migrate to lymphoid Ivan Dzhagalov, tissues or non-lymphoid tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that Tregs with unique National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan characteristics also have significant effects on non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Tissue- Reviewed by: resident Tregs, also called tissue Tregs, do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatics Dipayan Rudra, ImmunoBiome Inc., South Korea and attain a unique phenotype distinct from common Tregs in circulation. This review Ying Shao, first summarizes the phenotype, function, and cytokine expression of these Tregs in Temple University, United States visceral adipose tissue, skin, muscle, and other tissues. Then, how Tregs are generated, *Correspondence: Ling Lu home, and are attracted to and remain resident in the tissue are discussed. -
Chemical Engineering (CH E) 1
Chemical Engineering (CH E) 1 CH E 210: Material and Energy Balances CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (CH (3-0) Cr. 3. F.S. E) Prereq: Chem 178, Math 166, CH E 160 Introduction to chemical processes. Physical behavior of gases, liquids, Courses primarily for undergraduates: and solids. Application of material and energy balances to chemical engineering equipment and processes. CH E 104: Chemical Engineering Learning Community Cr. R. F. CH E 220: Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Prereq: Enrollment in Chemical Engineering Learning Team (Cross-listed with B M E). (3-0) Cr. 3. S. (1-0) Curriculum in career planning and academic course support for Prereq: BIOL 212, ENGR 160 or equiv, MATH 166, CHEM 167 or CHEM 178, Freshmen learning team. PHYS 222 Engineering analysis of basic biology and engineering problems CH E 160: Chemical Engineering Problems with Computer Applications associated with living systems and health care delivery. The course Laboratory will illustrate biomedical engineering applications in such areas as: (2-2) Cr. 3. F.S. biotechnology, biomechanics, biomaterials and tissue engineering, and Prereq: MATH 143 or satisfactory scores on mathematics placement biosignal and image processing, and will introduce the basic life sciences examinations; credit or enrollment in MATH 165 and engineering concepts associated with these topics. Formulation and solution of engineering problems. Significant figures. Use of SI units. Graphing and curve-fitting. Flowcharting. Introduction CH E 310: Computational Methods in Chemical Engineering to material balances, engineering economics, and design. Use of (3-0) Cr. 3. F.S. spreadsheet programs to solve and present engineering problems. Prereq: CH E 160, CH E 205, CH E 210, MATH 265 Solution of engineering problems using computer programming Numerical methods for solving systems of linear and nonlinear equations, languages. -
Gene Technology in Tissue Engineering
American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2 (2): 66-72, 2006 ISSN 1553-3468 © 2006 Science Publications Gene Technology in Tissue Engineering 1Xiao-Dan Sun and 2In-Seop Lee 1Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2Institute of Physics & Applied Physics, and Atomic-scale Surface Science Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea Abstract: Scaffold, cells and signaling factors are regarded as the three essential components in tissue engineering. With the development of molecular and cell biology, gene technology is beginning to show a promising position in tissue engineering as it can influence these essential components at DNA-level. By introducing plasmid DNA or genes encoding certain signaling factors (growth factors/cytokines) into the cells, required growth factors/cytokines can be expressed and secreted spatially and temporally by the transfected cells, which will promote the differentiation, proliferation and organization of the cells on the scaffold. Protein-based scaffolds which have specific structures can also be prepared genetically to induce attachment and spreading of the cells. This paper reviews research work of gene technology developed in tissue engineering. Key words: Gene engineering, tissue engineering, molecular biology, cell biology 1. INTRODUCTION Scaffold S D g n u n n o Tissue engineering refers to the science of e p i i io r l s t e p i e a e v r n o h e generating new living tissues to replace, repair or o i r t d p g r r n y o E A augment the diseased/damaged tissue and restore c ķ In tissue/organ function [1]. -
Tissue Engineering
An Introduction to Tissue Engineering Lesley W. Chow [email protected] October 30, 2015 disclosure: not Lehigh bear Tissue Engineering is... “an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences towards the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ” Langer and Vacanti, Science 1993 Classic Tissue Engineering: The Vacanti Mouse landmark study from 1997 that helped launched the field Cao, Vacanti, Paige, Upton, and Vacanti, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 100:297, 1997 Classic Tissue Engineering: The Vacanti Mouse 1 1 scaffold made from poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) cast from plaster replica of an actual ear Cao, Vacanti, Paige, Upton, and Vacanti, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 100:297, 1997 Classic Tissue Engineering: The Vacanti Mouse 1 2 SEM micrograph showing cells and ECM on scaffold 1 2 scaffold made from scaffold seeded with poly(glycolic acid) chondrocytes and (PGA) and poly(lactic cultured for 1 week acid) (PLA) cast from plaster replica of an actual ear Cao, Vacanti, Paige, Upton, and Vacanti, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 100:297, 1997 Classic Tissue Engineering: The Vacanti Mouse 1 2 SEM micrograph showing cells and ECM on scaffold 1 2 scaffold made from scaffold seeded with poly(glycolic acid) chondrocytes and 3 (PGA) and poly(lactic cultured for 1 week acid) (PLA) cast from plaster replica of an 3 actual ear implanted subcutaneously on the back of a mouse Cao, Vacanti, Paige, Upton, and -
On Normal Tissue Homeostasis Maintenance of Immune Tolerance
Maintenance of Immune Tolerance Depends on Normal Tissue Homeostasis Zita F. H. M. Boonman, Geertje J. D. van Mierlo, Marieke F. Fransen, Rob J. W. de Keizer, Martine J. Jager, Cornelis J. This information is current as M. Melief and René E. M. Toes of September 27, 2021. J Immunol 2005; 175:4247-4254; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4247 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/175/7/4247 Downloaded from References This article cites 48 articles, 21 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/175/7/4247.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 27, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology Maintenance of Immune Tolerance Depends on Normal Tissue Homeostasis Zita F. H. M. Boonman,* Geertje J. D. van Mierlo,† Marieke F. Fransen,† Rob J. -
Advancing Tissue Science and Engineering
ADVANCING TISSUE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A MULTI-AGENCY StRatEGIC PLAN ABOUT THE MATES IWG The Multi-Agency Tissue Engineering Science (MATES) Interagency Working Group (IWG), organized under the auspices of the Subcommittee on Biotechnology of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), is the means by which Federal agencies involved in tissue engineering stay informed of each other’s activities and coordinate their efforts in a timely and efficient manner. The goals of the MATES IWG are: • To facilitate communication across departments/agencies by regular information exchanges and a common website • To enhance cooperation through co-sponsorship of scientific meetings and workshops, and facilitation of the development of standards • To monitor technology by undertaking cooperative assessments of the status of the field • To provide for support of tissue engineering research through interagency tissue engineering funding opportunity announcements For more information, see the MATES website at http://www.tissueengineering.gov. ABOUT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was established by Executive Order on November 23, 1993. This cabinet-level council is the principal means by which the President coordinates science, space, and technology policies across the Federal Government. NSTC coordinates diverse paths of the Federal research and development enterprise. An important objective of the NSTC is the establishment of clear national goals for Federal science and technology investments in areas ranging from information technologies and health research to improving transportation systems and strengthening fundamental research. The Council prepares research and development strategies that are coordinated across the Federal agencies to form a comprehensive investment package aimed at accomplishing multiple national goals. -
Human Anatomy and Physiology
LECTURE NOTES For Nursing Students Human Anatomy and Physiology Nega Assefa Alemaya University Yosief Tsige Jimma University In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2003 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ©2003 by Nega Assefa and Yosief Tsige All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field. Human Anatomy and Physiology Preface There is a shortage in Ethiopia of teaching / learning material in the area of anatomy and physicalogy for nurses. The Carter Center EPHTI appreciating the problem and promoted the development of this lecture note that could help both the teachers and students. -
Robot-Aided Electrospinning Toward Intelligent Biomedical Engineering
Tan et al. Robot. Biomim. (2017) 4:17 DOI 10.1186/s40638-017-0075-1 REVIEW Open Access Robot‑aided electrospinning toward intelligent biomedical engineering Rong Tan1, Xiong Yang1 and Yajing Shen1,2* Abstract The rapid development of robotics ofers new opportunities for the traditional biofabrication in higher accuracy and controllability, which provides great potentials for the intelligent biomedical engineering. This paper reviews the state of the art of robotics in a widely used biomaterial fabrication process, i.e., electrospinning, including its working principle, main applications, challenges, and prospects. First, the principle and technique of electrospinning are intro- duced by categorizing it to melt electrospinning, solution electrospinning, and near-feld electrospinning. Then, the applications of electrospinning in biomedical engineering are introduced briefy from the aspects of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressing. After that, we conclude the existing problems in traditional electrospinning such as low production, rough nanofbers, and uncontrolled morphology, and then discuss how those problems are addressed by robotics via four case studies. Lastly, the challenges and outlooks of robotics in electrospinning are discussed and prospected. Keywords: Robotics, Electrospinning, Biomedical engineering Introduction electrospinning have high surface area and highly porous Te basic idea of electrospinning originated in the period structure, and furthermore, design fexibility is an impor- from 1934 to 1944, when researchers describes the use of tant advantage of electrospun nanofbers [3]. electrostatic force to produce polymer flament device. Electrospinning has widely been used in biomedi- Te main principle is using high-voltage electrostatic cal engineering, including wound dressings, fltration, feld to stimulate the polymer charged jet and then to and drug delivery systems, as well as tissue engineering obtain the polymer nanofbers by charged jet curing. -
Embryonic Stem Cells As a Cell Source for Tissue Engineering
CHAPTER 32 Embryonic Stem Cells as a Cell Source for Tissue Engineering Ali Khademhosseini1,2, Jeffrey M. Karp1,2, Sharon Gerecht-Nir3, Lino Ferreira3, Nasim Annabi1,2, Dario Sirabella4, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic4 and Robert Langer1,3 1 Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 609 INTRODUCTION It has been estimated that approximately 3,000 people die every day in the US from dis- eases that could have been treated with stem cell-derived tissues [1]. Given the therapeutic potential and growing public awareness of stem cells to treat disease, it is not surprising that embryonic stem cell (ESC) research has been rapidly expanding since mouse ESCs (mESCs) were first isolated in 1981 [2,3] followed by the isolation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in 1998 [4,5] from the inner cell mass (ICM) of human blastocysts (Fig. 32.1). Adult stem cells have been used clinically since the 1960s for therapies such as bone marrow transplantation, and these cells hold great therapeutic promise. ESCs also offer major benefits, including their ease of isolation, ability to propagate rapidly without differentiation, and e most significantly e their potential to form all cell types in the body. Additionally, ESCs are an attractive cell source for the study of developmental biology, drug/toxin screening studies, and the development of therapeutic agents to aid in tissue or organ replacement therapies. -
Psychology of Pain KENNETH D
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.60.710.835 on 1 December 1984. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (December 1984) 60, 835-840 Psychology of pain KENNETH D. CRAIG M.A., Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1 Y7 Introduction Many chronic pain syndromes, as well as some reactions to acute pain, can only be understood by To the sufferer, pain is a vital reality. While fully incorporating psychological variables into explana- aware of this, the scientist and practitioner must also tory models. Exclusively sensory and predominantly recognize that efforts to understand and manage pain biophysical explanatory models, that emphasize can be only as good as the available theoretical treatment of underlying pathophysiological pro- models. Recent decades have seen concepts of pain cesses, have proved inadequate, with large numbers increasingly embrace psychological models (Merskey of patients who do not benefit from care based on this and Spear, 1967; Stembach, 1978; Melzack and Wall, model. While the majority of painful injuries heal 1983). The definition of pain adopted by the Interna- through spontaneous recovery and medical interven- tional Association for the Study of Pain (1979) tion, Bonica (1983) has estimated that one-third of describes pain as 'An unpleasant sensory and emo- the population suffers some form of recurrent or tional experience associated with actual or potential persistent pain. tissue damage, or described in terms ofsuch damage'. by copyright. -
Tissue Homeostasis
Chapter 3 Tissue homeostasis Anders Lindahl Chapter contents 3.5 Tissues where regeneration was not considered – the paradigm shift in 3.1 Introduction 74 tissue regeneration 79 3.2 Tissues with no potential of 3.6 Consequence of regeneration potential regeneration 76 for the tissue engineering concept 81 3.3 Tissues with slow regeneration time 76 3.7 Cell migration of TA cells 85 3.4 Tissues with a high capacity of 3.8 Future developments 86 regeneration 77 3.9 Summary 86 Chapter objectives: ● To know the definition of the terms ● To recognize a stem cell niche regeneration and homeostasis ● To understand that stem cell niches ● To recognize that different tissues have share common regulatory systems different regeneration capacity ● To understand that tissue regeneration ● To acknowledge that the brain and heart has consequences and offer are regenerating organs opportunities in the development of ● To understand how tissue regeneration tissue engineering products can be analyzed by labeling experiments CCH003.inddH003.indd 7733 11/29/2008/29/2008 33:18:21:18:21 PPMM 74 Chapter 3 Tissue homeostasis I ’ d give my right arm to know the secret of regeneration Oscar E Schotte, quoted in Goss (1991) . 3.1 Introduction Distal amputation The ability to regenerate larger parts of an organism Original is connected to the complexity of that organism. The limp lower developed the animal, the better the regen- eration ability. In most vertebrates, the regeneration potential is limited to the musculoskeletal system and Amputation liver. In the hydras (a 0.5 cm long fresh-water cnidar- ian) the regeneration is made through morphollaxis, a process that does not require any cell division.