Biology (BIOL) 1
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AP Biology Names___Biomolecule Stations Per
AP Biology Names____________________________________ Biomolecule Stations Per.______________ In this two-day activity, you will move through several different stations and learn about the four macromolecules in the biological world. Day 1: Modeling Carbohydrates and Lipids 1. Use the 3d-printed models to answer the questions for carbohydrates and lipids. NOTE: Blank corners indicate “carbon” atoms. Glucose Fructose Glycerol Acetic Acid Butyric Acid Caproic Acid Day 2: Modeling Proteins 1. Using the Amino Acid Sidechain list, organize the sidechains on the circular magnetic mat according to their name or properties. 2. Examine the side chains and their positions on the circle. Describe your observations on your answer sheet by answering questions #1-6 under Modeling Proteins. 3. Now you have explored the chemical properties and atomic composition of each sidechain, you are ready to predict how proteins spontaneously fold up into their 3D shapes. Answer questions #7-8 on your answer sheet. 4. Unwind the yellow tube. Notice the blue and red end caps. The blue end cap represents the N- terminus (the beginning) and the red end cap represents the C-terminus (the end) of the protein. 5. Select 15 metal U-shaped clips from your kit. Beginning at the N-terminus, place the 15 u-clips three inches apart on the tube. 6. Select methionine from the mat and place it on the clip closest to the blue end cap. Choose six hydrophobic sidechains, two acidic sidechains, two basic sidechains, two cysteine sidechains, and two other polar sidechains. Place them in any order you choose on your tubes u-clips. -
Introduction to the Cell Cell History Cell Structures and Functions
Introduction to the cell cell history cell structures and functions CK-12 Foundation December 16, 2009 CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the “FlexBook,” CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning. Copyright ©2009 CK-12 Foundation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Contents 1 Cell structure and function dec 16 5 1.1 Lesson 3.1: Introduction to Cells .................................. 5 3 www.ck12.org www.ck12.org 4 Chapter 1 Cell structure and function dec 16 1.1 Lesson 3.1: Introduction to Cells Lesson Objectives • Identify the scientists that first observed cells. • Outline the importance of microscopes in the discovery of cells. • Summarize what the cell theory proposes. • Identify the limitations on cell size. • Identify the four parts common to all cells. • Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Introduction Knowing the make up of cells and how cells work is necessary to all of the biological sciences. Learning about the similarities and differences between cell types is particularly important to the fields of cell biology and molecular biology. -
The Cell-Theory: a Restatement, History, and Critique Part III
*57 The Cell-theory: A Restatement, History, and Critique Part III. The Cell as a Morphological Unit By JOHN R. BAKER (From the Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Oxford) SUMMARY A long time elapsed after the discovery of cells before they came to be generally regarded as morphological units. As a first step it was necessary to show that the cell-walls of plants were double and that cells could therefore be separated. The earliest advances in this direction were made by Treviranus (1805) and Link (1807). The idea of a cell was very imperfect, however, so long as attention was con- centrated on its wall. The first person who stated clearly that the cell-wall is not a necessary constituent was Leydig (1857). Subsequently the cell came to be regarded as a naked mass of protoplasm with a nucleus, and to this unit the name of protoplast was given. The true nature of the limiting membrane of the protoplast was discovered by Overton (1895). The plasmodesmata or connective strands that sometimes connect cells were prob- ably first seen by Hartig, in sieve-plates (1837). They are best regarded from the point of view of their functions in particular cases. They do not provide evidence for the view that the whole of a multicellular organism is basically a protoplasmic unit. Two or more nuclei in a continuous mass of protoplasm appear to have been seen for the first time in 1802, by Bauer. That an organism may consist wholly of a syn- cytium was discovered in i860, in the Mycetozoa. -
Unifying Principles of Biology - Advanced
Unifying Principles of Biology - Advanced Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. Niamh Gray-Wilson Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) AUTHORS Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other Niamh Gray-Wilson interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-source, collaborative, and web-based compilation model, CK-12 pioneers and promotes the creation and distribution of high-quality, adaptive online textbooks that can be mixed, modified and printed (i.e., the FlexBook® textbooks). Copyright © 2016 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Com- mons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. -
Biological Atomism and Cell Theory
Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41 (2010) 202–211 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/shpsc Biological atomism and cell theory Daniel J. Nicholson ESRC Research Centre for Genomics in Society (Egenis), University of Exeter, Byrne House, St. Germans Road, Exeter EX4 4PJ, UK article info abstract Keywords: Biological atomism postulates that all life is composed of elementary and indivisible vital units. The activ- Biological atomism ity of a living organism is thus conceived as the result of the activities and interactions of its elementary Cell theory constituents, each of which individually already exhibits all the attributes proper to life. This paper sur- Organismal theory veys some of the key episodes in the history of biological atomism, and situates cell theory within this Reductionism tradition. The atomistic foundations of cell theory are subsequently dissected and discussed, together with the theory’s conceptual development and eventual consolidation. This paper then examines the major criticisms that have been waged against cell theory, and argues that these too can be interpreted through the prism of biological atomism as attempts to relocate the true biological atom away from the cell to a level of organization above or below it. Overall, biological atomism provides a useful perspective through which to examine the history and philosophy of cell theory, and it also opens up a new way of thinking about the epistemic decomposition of living organisms that significantly departs from the phys- icochemical reductionism of mechanistic biology. -
Course Descriptions
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS ABR 1103 Basic Metal Repair I (3-0-3) construction using frame alignment equipment will be The straightening, alignment, and fitting of major panels is provided. The fundamentals of welding, heating, cutting, taught. Procedures necessary to rough, shrink, bump, and and shaping are included. Prerequisite: ABR 1203 Body finish are included. Emphasis in this course is on theory and Frame Alignment I. and practical application. Safety is emphasized. ABR 2702 Painting and Estimating II (2-0-2) ABR 1202 Application Lab I (0-4-2) This course is a continuation of ABR 1302 (Painting and This is a practical application lab that supports course Estimating I) with emphasis on practical application. This objectives for ABR 1103 (Basic Metal Repair I), ABR 1203 course includes skills and technical knowledge in the (Body and Frame Alignment I), and ABR 1302 (Painting preparation of metal for paint, chemical stripping of old and Estimating I). finishes, use and maintenance of spray painting equipment, mixing and spraying of all types of automotive finishes, ABR 1203 Body and Frame Alignment I (3-0-3) and identification of common materials used. Safety is Students will receive instruction in the use of frame emphasized. Prerequisite: ABR 1302 Painting and equipment and frame construction, sectioning, and Estimating straightening. Experience working with unitized construction using frame alignment equipment will be ABR 2905 Related Body Repair (0-10-5) provided. The fundamentals of welding, heating, cutting, This course includes the removal and replacement of glass, and shaping are included. Emphasis in this course is on trim, electrical wiring, and the repair of plastic components. -
A Resonant Capacitive Test Structure for Biomolecule Sensing
A RESONANT CAPACITIVE TEST STRUCTURE FOR BIOMOLECULE SENSING Thesis Submitted to The School of Engineering of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering By Danielle Nichole Bane UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August, 2015 A RESONANT CAPACITIVE TEST STRUCTURE FOR BIOMOLECULE SENSING Name: Bane, Danielle Nichole APPROVED BY: Guru Subramanyam, Ph.D. Karolyn M. Hansen, Ph.D. Advisor Committee Chairman Advisor Committee Member Professor and Chair, Department of Professor, Department of Biology Electrical and Computer Engineering Partha Banerjee, Ph.D Committee Member Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering John G. Weber, Ph.D. Eddy M. Rojas, Ph.D., M.A., P.E. Associate Dean Dean School of Engineering School of Engineering ii c Copyright by Danielle Nichole Bane All rights reserved 2015 ABSTRACT A RESONANT CAPACITIVE TEST STRUCTURE FOR BIOMOLECULE SENSING Name: Bane, Danielle Nichole University of Dayton Advisors: Dr. Guru Subramanyam and Dr. Karolyn M. Hansen Detection of biomolecules in aqueous or vapor phase is a valuable metric in the assessment of health and human performance. For this purpose, resonant capacitive sensors are designed and fab- ricated. The sensor platform used is a resonant test structure (RTS) with a molecular recognition element (MRE) functionalized guanine dielectric layer used as the sensing layer. The sensors are designed such that the selective binding of the biomarkers of interest with the MREs is expected to cause a shift in the test structure’s resonant frequency, amplitude, and phase thereby indicating the biomarker’s presence. This thesis covers several aspects of the design and development of these biosensors. -
Cell Theory the CELL THEORY GREW out of the WORK of MANY SCIENTISTS and IMPROVEMENTS in the MICROSCOPE
Cell Theory THE CELL THEORY GREW OUT OF THE WORK OF MANY SCIENTISTS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MICROSCOPE. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. ROBERT HOOKE He was the first person to look at cells and named them. He looked at cork cells which are not living. It is the bark of a tree so they are dead plant cells. They are small squares and they reminded him of the small rooms in a monastery called cells ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK Credited with improving the microscope. (Zacharias Janssen is credited with discovering/creating microscope). Leeuwenhoek’s microscope could magnify 200x the human eye! Today’s microscopes can magnify up to 1500! MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN was a German botanist (scientist who studies plants.) He found that the plant parts he examined were made of cells. He made the generalization that all plants were made of cells. THEODOR SCHWANN Studied animals. His microscopic investigations of animal parts led him to generalize that all animals are made of cells After looking at Schleiden’s work ,he further proposed that all organisms are made of cells. RUDOLF VIRCHOW- OMNIS CELLULA C CELLULA”: ALL CELLS FROM CELLS (1855) German doctor that said that new plant cells arise only from existing plant cells, and new animal cells arise only from existing animal cells. Building off the work of Redi (1668) who disproved the idea of spontaneous generation in his experiments about rotting meat. LOUIS PASTEUR-GERM THEORY 1856-Used the microscope to discover that tiny, one- celled (eukaryotic) yeast created alcoholic fermentation and that other one-celled, rod-shaped organisms (prokaryotic bacteria) caused beverages to spoil. -
Cell Theory VOCABULARY Unit 2: Cells Unit 2: > RE B
3.1 Cell Theory KEY CONCEPT Cells are the basic unit of life. VOCABULARY cell theory MAIN IDEAS cytoplasm Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. organelle Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. prokaryotic cell eukaryotic cell Connect to Your World You and all other organisms are made of cells. As you saw on the previous page, > a cell’s structure is closely related to its function. Today we know that cells are the smallest unit of living matter that can carry out all processes required for life. But before the 1600s, people had many other ideas about the basis of life. Like many breakthroughs, the discovery of cells was aided by the development of new technology—in this case, the microscope. MAIN IDEA Early studies led to the development of the READING TOOLBOX cell theory. TAKING NOTES As you read, make an outline Almost all cells are too small to see without the aid of a microscope. Although using the headings as topics. glass lenses had been used to magnify images for hundreds of years, the early Summarize details that further lenses were not powerful enough to reveal individual cells. The invention of explain those ideas. the compound microscope in the late 1500s was an early step toward this I. Main Idea discovery. The Dutch eyeglass maker Zacharias Janssen, who was probably A. Supporting idea assisted by his father, Hans, usually gets credit for this invention. 1. Detail A compound microscope contains two or more lenses. Total magnification, the 2. -
All About Cells Literacy Foundations Science: Biology © 2012 by Open School BC
Version 01 All About Cells Literacy Foundations Science: Biology © 2012 by Open School BC This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Acknowledgements Project Manager: Jennifer Riddel Production Technician: Caitlin Flanders Course History New, June 2012 Table of Contents Learning Package Overview ....................................3 All About Cells . .. 5 Lesson A: Cell Theory and the Characteristics of Living Things. 7 Lesson B: Plant and Animal Cells ..............................13 Lesson C: Bacteria and Viruses ................................21 Lesson D: Diffusion and Osmosis ..............................27 Appendix . 57 Activity Solutions ..........................................58 Glossary ................................................65 © OPEN SCHOOL BC LITERACY FOUNDATIONS eTEXT SCIENCE: BIOLOGY | 1 Viewing Your PDF Learning Package This PDF learning package is designed to be viewed in Acrobat. If you are using the optional media resources, you should be able to link directly to the resource from the pdf viewed in Acrobat Reader. The links may not work as expected with other pdf viewers. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader: http://get.adobe.com/reader/ Learning Package Overview This learning package is made up of several lessons. Lessons Lessons have a combination of reading and hands-on activities to give you a chance to process the material while being an active learner. Each lesson contains several topics, self-marked activities, and some lessons contain links to online multimedia resources. At the end of the learning package you will find: Solutions This contains all of the solutions to the Activities. Glossary This is a list of key terms and their definitions. -
Kapi'olani Community College Courses 2021 – 2022, A-B, Page 1
Kapi'olani Community College Courses 2021 – 2022, A-B, page 1 ACCOUNTING ACC 124 Principles of Accounting I (3) 3 hours lecture per week Prerequisite(s): Qualification for ENG 22 or qualification for a higher-level English course. Recommended Preparation: Credit or concurrent enrollment in SP 151 or credit or concurrent enrollment in SP 181 or credit or concurrent enrollment in SP 251. Comment: The sequence of ACC 124, ACC 125 and ACC 202 is equivalent to the sequence of ACC 201 and ACC 202, and vice versa. The ACC 124 and ACC 125 sequence is transferable to other University of Hawai`i community colleges, the University of Hawai`i - West O`ahu, or the University of Hawai'i at Hilo. The ACC 124 and ACC 125 sequence also satisfies the ACC 201 entrance requirement to the University of Hawai`i at Mânoa Shidler College of Business, but does not provide transfer credits towards graduation. ACC 124 introduces basic accounting principles and practices for service and merchandising businesses. Areas include: accounting as an information system, the accounting cycle, financial statements, internal control, current and long-term assets, and current liabilities and payroll. Special emphasis will be placed upon the practical application of accounting principles. Upon successful completion of ACC 124, the student should be able to: 1. Complete the accounting cycle from source documents to financial statements with emphasis on practical application of accounting principles. 2. Analyze, record, report and interpret business activities of a service and/or merchandising organization using current accounting and ethical standards. 3. Demonstrate effective communication and teamwork skills. -
Metabolic Fate of Glucose Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids
CHEM464/Medh, J.D. Integration of Metabolism Metabolic Fate of Glucose • Each class of biomolecule has alternative fates depending on the metabolic state of the body. • Glucose: The intracellular form of glucose is glucose-6- phosphate. • Only liver cells have the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase that dephosphorylates G-6-P and releases glucose into the blood for use by other tissues • G-6-P can be oxidized for energy in the form of ATP and NADH • G-6-P can be converted to acetyl CoA and then fat. • Excess G-6-P is stored away as glycogen. • G-6-P can be shunted into the pentose phosphate pathway to generate NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids • Fatty acids are oxidized to acetyl CoA for energy production in the form of NADH. • Fatty acids can be converted to ketone bodies. KB can be used as fuel in extrahepatic tissues. • Palmityl CoA is a precursor of mono- and poly- unsaturated fatty acids. • Fatty acids are used for the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules such as arachidonic acid and eicosanoids. • Cholesterol, steroids and steroid hormones are all derived from fatty acids. • Excess fatty acids are stored away as triglycerides in adipose tissue. 1 CHEM464/Medh, J.D. Integration of Metabolism Metabolic Fate of Amino Acids • Amino acids are used for the synthesis of enzymes, transporters and other physiologically significant proteins. • Amino acid N is required for synthesis of the cell’s genetic information (synthesis of nitrogenous bases). • Several biologically active molecules such as neuro- transmitters, porphyrins etc. • Amino acids are precursors of several hormones (peptide hormones like insulin and glucagon and Amine hormones such as catecholamines).