Habitat III National Report Final Report
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Government of Lebanon Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) Grand Serail – Beirut - Lebanon January 2016 Habitat III National Report Final Report Acknowledgments The Council for Development and Reconstruction would like to thank all those who supported the preparation, review, and the provision of information related to the issues outlined in the report especially: Core Research Team: Mrs. Oula Aoun, Faculty Lecturer in Urban Planning, Lebanese University Ms. Marwa Boustani, Urban Planner & Researcher, UN-Habitat Lebanon Mr. Jihad Farah, Assistant Professor in Urban Planning, Lebanese University Ms. Hayat Gebara, Research Assistant, UN-Habitat Lebanon Ms. Gabriella Romanos, Editing Support Mr. Leon Telvizian, Lead Urban Planning Consultant Technical Committee Mrs. Mona Bitar, Engineer, DGUP Mr. Habib El-rayyes, Engineer, DGUP Mr. Sami Feghali, Head of Private Land Pooling & Subdivision Unit, CDR Mr. Tarek Osseiran, Project Officer, UN-Habitat Lebanon Steering Committee Mr. Ziad Abdullah, Central Administration of Statistics Dr. Thanaa Abou Ghida, Ministry of Economy and Trade Ms. Dona El Turk, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ms. Mariam Mghames, Ministry of Social Affairs Dr. Lamia Mansour, Ministry of Environment Ms. Zahra Ramadan, Directorate General of Urban Planning We would like to thank the various interviewees whose input has been of great value to the report including: Mr. Mazen Halawi at the Banque du Liban; Fadi Matar, Ms. Amal Karaki and, Ms. Samira Souaidan at the Council for Development and Reconstruction; Ms. Mariam Mghames from the Ministry of Social Affairs. We are also very grateful to the experts who took the time to review the Habitat III draft report. These include: Dr. Ibrahim Chahrour, Dr. Wafa Charafeddine, Dr. Hassan Harajli, Mr. Vahakn Kabakian, Ms. Amal Karaki, Ms. Sylvana Lakkis, Mr. Mohammed Lotfi, Ms. Nour Masri, Ms. Lamia Mansour, Mr. Adib Nehme, Mr. Ahmad Osman, Ms. Zahra Ramadan, Mrs. Dania Rifai, and Mr. Nikolaus Hartz. Your detailed comments and thorough feedback were crucial to the finalization of the report. 2 Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................................... 5 PREFACE........................................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 9 I. Urban Demographic Issues ..................................................................................................... 12 1. Managing Rapid Urbanization ............................................................................................... 12 2. Managing Rural Urban Linkages ............................................................................................ 14 3. Addressing Urban Youth Needs ............................................................................................. 15 4. Responding to the Needs of the Aged ................................................................................... 16 5. Integrating Gender in Urban Development........................................................................... 18 6. Challenges and Lessons Learned ........................................................................................... 19 7. Future Challenges .................................................................................................................. 21 II. Land and Urban Planning Issues ............................................................................................ 23 8. Ensuring Sustainable Urban Planning and Design ................................................................. 23 9. Improving Urban Land Management, Including Urban Sprawl ............................................. 24 10. Enhancing Urban and Peri-Urban Food Production ............................................................ 26 11. Addressing Urban Mobility Challenges ............................................................................... 27 12. Improving Technical Capacity to Plan and Manage Cities ................................................... 28 13. Challenges and Lessons Learned ......................................................................................... 29 14. Future Challenges ................................................................................................................ 30 III. Environment and Urbanization Issues .................................................................................. 32 15. Addressing Climate Change ................................................................................................ 32 16. Disaster Risk Reduction ...................................................................................................... 33 17. Reducing Traffic Congestion ................................................................................................ 34 18. Air Pollution ........................................................................................................................ 36 19. Challenges and Lessons Learned ......................................................................................... 38 20. Future Challenges ................................................................................................................ 40 IV. Urban Governance and Legislation Issues ........................................................................... 42 21. Improving Urban Legislation ............................................................................................... 42 3 22. Decentralization and Strengthening of Local Authorities ................................................... 43 23. Improving Participation and Human Rights in Urban Development ................................... 45 24. Enhancing Urban Safety and Security ................................................................................ 46 25. Improving Social Inclusion and Equity ................................................................................ 48 26. Challenges and Lessons Learned ......................................................................................... 50 27. Future Challenges ................................................................................................................ 51 V. Urban Economy Issues .......................................................................................................... 52 28. Improving Municipal Local Finance ..................................................................................... 52 29. Strengthening and Improving Access to Housing Finance .................................................. 53 30. Supporting Local Economic Development........................................................................... 55 31. Creating Decent Jobs and Livelihoods ................................................................................ 56 32. Integration of the Urban Economy into the National Development Policy ........................ 58 33. Challenges and Lessons Learned ......................................................................................... 59 34. Future Challenges ................................................................................................................ 61 VI. Housing and Basic Services Issues ........................................................................................ 63 35. Slum Upgrading and Prevention .......................................................................................... 63 36. Improving Access to Adequate Housing .............................................................................. 64 37. Ensuring Sustainable Access to Safe Drinking Water ......................................................... 65 38. Ensuring Sustainable Access to Basic Sanitation and Drainage........................................... 67 39. Improving Access to Clean Domestic Energy ...................................................................... 68 40. Improving Access to Sustainable Means of Transport ........................................................ 71 41. Challenges and Lessons Learned ......................................................................................... 72 42. Future Challenges ................................................................................................................ 73 4 LIST OF ACRONYMS ALMEE Association Libanaise de Maitrise de l'Energie AMPS Air Monitoring Programs and Surveillance AQRU Air Quality Research Unit AQS Air Quality Standards ARAL Assistance to the Rehabilitation of the Lebanese Administration AUB American University of Beirut CAS Central Administration of Statistics CDMP Chronic Disease Medicine Program CDR Council for Development and Reconstruction CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CEDRO Community Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Demonstration for the Recovery of Lebanon CHR Committee of Human Rights CHUD Cultural Heritage and Urban Development project CKT Center for Knowledge Transfer CNRS Centre national de la recherche scientifique/National Council for Scientific Research CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide CSA Center for Studies on Aging DGUP Directorate General of Urban Planning EDL Electricité