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Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 22 No. 2, November 2019 P-ISSN 1410 – 3974 E-ISSN 2580 – 8907 BERKALA ARKEOLOGI BATU NISAN LAMREH TIPE ‘PLANGPLENG’ ‘PLANGPLENG’ TYPE OF LAMREH THOMBSTONE Dedy Satria PROSES PEMBENTUKAN DATA ARKEOLOGI PADA KAPAL KARAM PULAU NUSA, KEPULAUAN BAWEAN PROCESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA FORMATION ON SHIPWRECK NUSA ISLAND, BAWEAN ARCHIPELAGO Mochammad Fauzi Hendrawan AKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN GUA DAN CERUK DI NAGARI SITUMBUK, TANAH DATAR - SUMATERA BARAT ACTIVITIES OF THE UTILIZATION OF CAVE AND ROCK SHELTER IN NAGARI SITUMBUK, TANAH DATAR - SUMATERA BARAT Nenggih Susilowati MODIFIKASI TANAH DAN VARIASI FONDASI BANGUNAN ISTANA MAIMUN, KOTA MEDAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA ISTANA MAIMUN BUILDING FONDATION SOIL MODIFICATION AND VARIATION, MEDAN CITY, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE Stanov Purnawibowo dan Andri Restiyadi INTERAKSI ADAT DAN ISLAM DALAM BANGUNAN MASJID KUNO DI TANAH DATAR CUSTOMARY AND ISLAMIC INTERACTIONS IN ANCIENT MOSQUE BUILDING IN TANAH DATAR Syahrul Rahmat BALAI ARKEOLOGI SUMATERA UTARA PUSAT PENELITIAN ARKEOLOGI NASIONAL KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN Medan, P-ISSN 1410 – 3974 BAS VOL. 22 NO. 2 Hal 65—135 November 2019 E-ISSN 2580 – 8907 Vol. 22 No. 2, November 2019 P-ISSN 1410 – 3974 E-ISSN 2580 – 8907 BERKALA ARKEOLOGI Sangkhakala terdiri dari dua kata yaitu Sangkha dan Kala. Sangkha adalah sebutan dalam Bahasa Sansekerta untuk jenis kerang atau siput laut. Sangkha dalam mitologi Hindhu digunakan sebagai atribut dewa dalam sekte Siwa dan Wisnu. Sedangkan Kala berarti waktu, ketika atau masa. Jadi Sangkhakala merupakan alat dari kerang laut yang mengeluarkan suara sebagai tanda bahwa waktu telah tiba untuk memulai suatu tugas atau pekerjaan. Berkenaan dengan itu, BERKALA ARKEOLOGI SANGKHAKALA merupakan istilah yang dikiaskan sebagai terompet ilmuwan arkeologi dalam menyebarluaskan arti dan makna ilmu arkeologi sehingga dapat dinikmati oleh kalangan ilmuwan khususnya dan masyarakat luas umumnya. Selain itu juga merupakan wadah informasi bidang arkeologi yang ditujukan untuk memajukan arkeologi maupun kajian ilmu lain yang terkait. Muatannya adalah hasil penelitian, tinjauan arkeologi dan ilmu terkait. Dalam kaitannya dengan penyebarluasan informasi dimaksud, redaksi menerima sumbangan artikel dalam Bahasa Indonesia maupun asing yang dianggap berguna bagi perkembangan ilmu arkeologi. Berkala Arkeologi ini diterbitkan dua kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan Mei dan November. Dewan Redaksi Ketua Redaksi : Andri Restiyadi, M.A. (Arkeologi Sejarah) Anggota Redaksi : Ery Soedewo, S.S., M.Hum. (Arkeologi Sejarah) Drs. Bambang Budi Utomo (Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional) Drs. Yance, M.Si. (Universitas Sumatera Utara) Redaksi Pelaksana : Nenggih Susilowati, S.S., M.I.Kom. (Arkeologi Prasejarah) Dyah Hidayati, S.S. (Arkeologi Prasejarah) Mitra Bestari : Prof. Dr. M. Dien Madjid, M.Ag. (UIN Syarif Hidayatullah) Prof. (Ris.). Dr.Truman Simanjuntak (Centre for Prehistoric and Audtronesia Studies) Prof. Dr. Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak (Universitas Negeri Medan) Dr. Titi Surti Nastiti (Pusat Arkeologi Nasional) Manajer Jurnal : Taufiqurrahman Setiawan, M.A. (Arkeologi Prasejarah) Penata Letak : Abdullah Imansyah Kesekretariatan : Ali Ma’ruf, S.E. Alamat Redaksi/Penerbit: Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara Jl. Seroja Raya Gg. Arkeologi, Tanjung Selamat, Medan Tungtungan, Medan 20134 Telp. (061) 8224363, 8224365 E-mail: [email protected] Laman: www.sangkhakala.kemdikbud.go.id © Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara, 2019 Vol. 22 No. 2, November 2019 P-ISSN 1410 – 3974 E-ISSN 2580 – 8907 BERKALA ARKEOLOGI DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR Dedy Satria 65—80 BATU NISAN LAMREH TIPE ‘PLANGPLENG’ ‘PLANGPLENG’ TYPE OF LAMREH THOMBSTONE Mochammad Fauzi Hendrawan 81—95 PROSES PEMBENTUKAN DATA ARKEOLOGI PADA KAPAL KARAM PULAU NUSA, KEPULAUAN BAWEAN PROCESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA FORMATION ON SHIPWRECK NUSA ISLAND, BAWEAN ARCHIPELAGO Nenggih Susilowati 96—110 AKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN GUA DAN CERUK DI NAGARI SITUMBUK, TANAH DATAR - SUMATERA BARAT ACTIVITIES OF THE UTILIZATION OF CAVE AND ROCK SHELTER IN NAGARI SITUMBUK, TANAH DATAR - SUMATERA BARAT Stanov Purnawibowo dan Andri Restiyadi 111—121 MODIFIKASI TANAH DAN VARIASI FONDASI BANGUNAN ISTANA MAIMUN,KOTA MEDAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA ISTANA MAIMUN BUILDING FONDATION SOIL MODIFICATION AND VARIATION,MEDAN CITY, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE Syahrul Rahmat 122—135 INTERAKSI ADAT DAN ISLAM DALAM BANGUNAN MASJID KUNO DI TANAH DATAR CUSTOMARY AND ISLAMIC INTERACTIONS IN ANCIENT MOSQUE BUILDING IN TANAH DATAR BERKALA ARKEOLOGI P-ISSN 1410 - 3974 Terbit : November 2019 E-ISSN 2580 – 8907 Kata kunci yang dicantumkan adalah istilah bebas. Lembar abstrak ini boleh digandakan tanpa ijin dan biaya DDC 959.8 cultural transform dan noncultural transform. Dari hasil sintesis dua analisis didapat kesimpulan pada awalnya Dedy Satria pembentukan data arkeologi dipengaruhi oleh noncultural (Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia Komda Aceh transform, tetapi selanjutnya karena lokasi yang dangkal Sumut) dan adanya aktivitas manusia karena nilai ekonomi BATUNISAN LAMREH TIPE ‘PLANGPLENG’ lingkungan dan kapal karam sendiri, maka faktor cultural Berkala Arkeologi SANGKHAKALA, November, Vol 22 No. 2, transform turut ikut berperan. Hal. 65—80 (Mochammad Fauzi Hendrawan) Jenis batu nisan tipe plangpleng merupakan bentuk yang Kata kunci: Bawean; kapal karam; kapal uap; arkeologi sangat khas. Gaya seni pahat menjadi ciri utama jenis batu bawah air; transformasi nisan ini. Hal itu menjadikannya berbeda dengan batu nisan lainnya di Lamreh. Bentuk motif lokal maupun asing DDC 720.1 dari latar belakang kebudayaan dan sistem kepercayaan yang berbeda. Hal ini menjadi karakter yang Nenggih Susilowati mencerminkan satu masyarakat ‘campuran’ di awal (Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara) perkembangan Islam di Aceh Besar dan Banda Aceh. Batu nisan ini menjadi penanda yang sangat penting sebagai AKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN GUA DAN CERUK DI NAGARI bukti awal kehadiran masyarakat Muslim di sepanjang SITUMBUK, TANAH DATAR - SUMATERA BARAT pesisir Aceh Besar dan Banda Aceh. Sebagai benda seni ia Berkala Arkeologi SANGKHAKALA, November, Vol 22 No. 2, menjadi karya cipta manusia dari masa lampau, serta Hal. 96—110 menjadi bukti puncak pencapaian perkembangan kebudayaan dalam suatu masyarakat kuno di Aceh Besar Lingkungan Nagari Situmbuk, Kecamatan Salimpaung, yang dikenal sebagai ‘masyarakat Lamuri’. Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat memiliki gua-gua dan ceruk-ceruk yang menarik secara alamiah, (Dedy Satria serta keberadaannya juga berkaitan dengan aktivitas Kata kunci: Nisan Plangpleng; Lamuri; arkeologi Islam; manusia masa lalu hingga masa kini. Gua dan ceruk yang terdapat di kawasan Situmbuk sebagian berkaitan dengan Aceh aktivitas manusia yang memanfaatkannya sebagai hunian sementara. Keberadaannya juga berkaitan dengan aktivitas DDC 959.801 manusia yang memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitarnya sebagai areal persawahan, perkebunan, dan hutan Mochammad Fauzi Hendrawan tropisnya. Permasalahan yang diajukan adalah bagaimana (Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara) bentuk aktivitas manusia berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan PROSES PEMBENTUKAN DATA ARKEOLOGI PADA KAPAL gua dan ceruk di Nagari Situmbuk di masa lalu ? Mengapa KARAM PULAU NUSA, KEPULAUAN BAWEAN terdapat perbedaan dalam pemanfaatan gua dan ceruk di Berkala Arkeologi SANGKHAKALA, November, Vol 22 No. 2, sana ? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Hal. 81—95 kualitatif menggunakan alur penalaran induktif dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap satuan maupun Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki data konteksnya. Gua dan ceruk yang memiliki indikasi arkeologi berupa kapal karam yang beragam dari berbagai dimanfaatkan orang-orang dengan budaya yang berbeda masa dan tipe kapal. Salah satu kapal karam yang adalah Ngalau Guong, Ngalau Tompok Syohiah I, dan ditemukan di Pulau Bawean adalah Kapal karam Pulau Ngalau Muaro. Pemanfaatan Ngalau Guong berkaitan Nusa, yang memiliki indikasi berasal dari abad ke-19 dengan kehidupan berburu dan perladangan sederhana karena komponen penggeraknya bertenaga uap. Pada saat sehingga masih memanfaatkan gua/ceruk di sana sebagai ditemukan oleh Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta pada 2016 hunian sementara. Ngalau Tompok Syohiah I berkaitan kondisi Kapal karam Pulau Nusa tidak dalam kondisi utuh, dengan perkembangan budaya Pra Islam (tradisi megalitik sebagian komponen sudah terfragmentasi dan tersebar. yang ditandai dengan keberadaan menhir dan kubur Selain itu sebagian besar fragmen tersebut sudah semu), Islam, hingga kini yang tersirat melalui simbol- terkonkresi dengan karang dan bagian bawahnya simbol pada dinding guanya. Tradisi yang berlangsung di tersedimentasi hingga terkubur di dasar laut. Penelitian ini gua itu juga berkaitan dengan aktivitas pertanian yang akan membahas proses apa yang melatarbelakangi kondisi telah dilaksanakan secara intens. Adapun Ngalau Muaro kapal karam menjadi seperti sekarang. Analisis yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas perkebunan yang berlangsung dipakai yaitu analisis lingkungan dan analisis kontekstual. pada sekitar abad ke- 18- 19. Kedua perangkat analisis tersebut dilakukan untuk (Nenggih Susilowati) menjawab proses pembentukan data arkeologi yang dibagi Kata kunci: aktivitas; berburu; tradisi megalitik; hunian; menjadi dua tahap, yaitu proses behavioral (pre- pertanian depositional) dan proses transformasi (depositional dan post-depositional). Selain itu juga mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses tersebut, yang berupa DDC 959.8 Stanov Purnawibowo dan Andri Restiyadi (Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara) MODIFIKASI TANAH DAN
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