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Mammaliformes Y MAMMALIA

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Mammaliformes Y MAMMALIA From: Enrique Artal Bartolo <[email protected]> Organization: Universidad de Zaragoza To: [email protected] Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2007 16:06:18 +0100 Queridos compañeros: Como ya os ha comunicado el vicerrector de profesorado, la semana que viene comienza la primera fase del proceso de evaluación de la actividad docente, que consiste en un cuestionario de evaluación que los alumnos deben realizar telemáticamente. Os pido que transmitáis esta información a los alumnos de vuestras asignaturas y que les animéis a participar. Un número suficiente de opiniones de los alumnos pueden ayudar a corregir aspectos mejorables de nuestra actividad docente así como a potenciar aquellos aspectos más positivas. Estas encuestas se pueden realizar desde cualquier ordenador conectado a internet accediendo a la dirección http://www.unizar.es/evaluaciondocencia entre los días 19 y 23 de noviembre. Atentamente, Enrique Artal Presidente de la Comisión de Control y Evaluación de la Docencia de la Facultad de Ciencias. MammaliformesMammaliformes yy MAMMALIAMAMMALIA australosfenidos eutriconodontosmultituberculados metaterios euterios Diversificación Cretácico Superior 1 Diversificación Cretácico Inferior 2 Diversificación Cretácico Inferior Diversificación Jurasico Superior Diversificación Jurasico Medio Diversificación Triasico-Jurasico Inferior MammaliformesMammaliformes:: MorganucodonMorganucodon CYNODONTIA | Mammaliformes |--Allotheria | |--Haramiyida | `--Multituberculata | |--Paulchoffatiidae | `--+--Gondwanatheria | `--Cimolodonta `--+--Morganucodontidae The Earliest British Mammal `--+--Docodonta Morganucodon watsoni | |--Megazostrodontidae 194 Million Years BP | `--Docodontidae http://www.abdn.ac.uk/zoohons/history.htm `--+--Hadrocodium `--Symmetrodonta Los mamíferos del Triásico tardío y |--Kuehneotheriidae Jurásico temprano eran pangeicos | MAMMALIA MorganucodonMorganucodon Morganucodon es el Primer mamaliforme Los morganucodontidos se conocen desde el Trias superior hasta el Jurásico medio de Europa, Norteamérica y Asia DocodontosDocodontos Mamaliformes que se conocen desde el Jurásico medio hasta el Cretácico superior en Norteamérica, Asia, Europa y Suramérica Abajo, Megazostrodon, del Triásico superior-Jurásico `--+--Morganucodontidae Inferior de Suráfrica `--+--Docodonta | |--Megazostrodontidae | `--Docodontidae `--+--Hadrocodium `--Symmetrodonta |--Kuehneotheriidae MAMMALIA DocodontosDocodontos:: HaldanodonHaldanodon dede GuimarotaGuimarota GuimarotaGuimarota eses unun importanteimportante yacimientoyacimiento deldel JurJuráásicosico superiorsuperior dede Portugal,Portugal, conocidoconocido porpor lala grangran abundanciaabundancia dede mammamííferosferos ffóósilessiles MultituberculadosMultituberculados,, docodontosdocodontos ee inclusoincluso primitivosprimitivos teriosterios El Jurásico medio GuimarotaGuimarota Henkelotherium de Guimarota es un drioléstido. Los drioléstidos constituyen hasta el 49% de los mamíferos de la mina de carbón de la Guimarota, en el Kimmeridgiense (Jurásico Medio) de Portugal. Castorocauda: un docodonto acuático del Jurásico medio de China Ji, Q., Z.-X. Luo, C.-X. Yuan, A. R. Tabrum . February 24, 2006. "A swimming mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals". Science, 311:5764 pp.1123-1127. ¿¿elel primerprimer docodontodocodonto deldel CretCretáácicocico inferiorinferior dede Europa?Europa? Valliponia, posible docodonto del Cretácico Inferior, Barremiense, de Europa El principal carácter autapomórfico: la fuerte ornamentación MammaliformesMammaliformes:: MultituberculadosMultituberculados Jurásico-Oligoceno i DistribuciDistribucióónn dede loslos tipostipos dede ““hháábitosbitos dede alimentacionalimentacion”” dede loslos mammamííferosferos deldel CretCretáácicocico inferiorinferior dede EspaEspaññaa Insectívoros carnívoros herbívoros Insectívoros carnívoros LosLos mammamííferosferos modernosmodernos GrupoGrupo hermanohermano ¿¿cucuáándondo,, ccóómomo,, ddóóndende sese originanoriginan?? CaracterCaracteríísticassticas ¿¿LesLes afectafectóó lala extinciextincióónn deldel llíímitemite K/T?K/T? LosLos mammamííferosferos deldel terciarioterciario tempranotemprano OrigenOrigen dede loslos gruposgrupos modernosmodernos ElEl grupogrupo hermanohermano dede loslos mammamííferosferos modernosmodernos ¿¿QUQUÉÉ ENTENDEMOSENTENDEMOS PORPOR MAMIFEROSMAMIFEROS MODERNOS?MODERNOS? – El molar tribosfénico – La mand íbula moderna derivada , con apófisis angular Luo, Cifelli, Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 MandMandííbulasbulas yy dientesdientes queque cambiancambian LaLa apapóófisisfisis angularangular dede lala mandmandííbulabula ElEl molarmolar tribosftribosfé éniconico:: oclusioclusióónn tipotipo manubriomanubrio enen unun morteromortero alal molermoler oo triturartriturar especiasespecias,, plantasplantas ,, semillassemillas…… concon morteromortero ((pocopoco oo nadanada utilizadoutilizado enen lala cocinacocina modernamoderna oo farmaciafarmacia enen lala queque sese utilizanutilizan moledorasmoledoras,, batidorasbatidoras yy mezcladorasmezcladoras elelééctricasctricas)) MANDIBULAMANDIBULA DEDE TYRANNOSAURUSTYRANNOSAURUS REXREX YY DEDE UNUN DINOSAURIODINOSAURIO HERBHERBÍÍVOROVORO http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/340Theropoda/Images/ http://members.aol.com/ncanvas2/NCWeb/CarHerb. Tyrannosauroidea1.gif html LaLa mandmandííbulabula dede loslos sinsináápsidospsidos A.Cotylorhynchus, Permico inf. B. Varanosaurus, P.i. C. Dimetrodon, P.i. D. Titanophoneus, P. superior LaLa mandmandííbulabula dede loslos mammamííferosferos Espalacoteridos (simmetrodontos) El docodonto Castorocauda (Ji, Luo, Yuan & Tabrum , 2006 UnasUnas notasnotas sobresobre elel oidooido dede loslos mammamííferosferos ElEl ooíídodo mediomedio El oído medio está compuesto por : • La caja timpánica • El sistema neumático del temporal ( antro y celdas mastoideas) • La trompa de Eustaquio Representación esquemática del oído medio. CAE: conducto auditivo externo. T: tímpano. M: martillo. Y: yunque. E: estribo. VO: vent. oval. P: promontorio. VR: vent. Redonda. CSE: conducto semicircular externo. NF: nervio facial ( acueducto de Falopio) ElEl ttíímpanompano Se encuentra situado en el interior del peñasco del temporal, por dentro de la caja del tímpano. Por la ElEl oidooido internointerno complejidad de su forma y estructura se llama laberinto ; distinguiéndose un laberinto óseo, constituido por una serie de espacios excavados en el hueso y en Comunicación unos con otros, y un laberinto membranoso, formado por unas estructuras embranosas alojadas dentro del laberinto óseo. Laberinto membranoso. 1: Caracol membranoso. 2: Sáculo. 3: Utrículo. 4: Conductos semicirculares. 5: Saco endolinfático. El laberinto está ocupado por líquidos o linfas. Las estructuras del laberinto membranoso están llenas de endolinfa. El laberinto membranoso ocupa solo una parte de la cavidad del óseo, existiendo entre ambos un espacio que por estar repleto de perilinfa se llama espacio perilinfático. Articulación D-E EVOLUCION DE LA MANDIBULA DE LOS MAMIFEROS La mandíbula en su condición ancestral sinapsida (reptil mamiferoide) tiene 4 elementos, con la articulación sostenida por el Articular y el Quadrado. En terapsidos (ancestros de mammíferos), son los huesos Dentario y Escamoso los que se encargan del movimiento de la mandíbula inferior. El Articular y Quadrado pasan al oído medio como Malleus (Martillo) e Incus (Yunque) respectivamente. El escamoso contribuye también al arco cigomático o yugal. australosfenidos eutriconodontosmultituberculados metaterios euterios Diversificación Cretácico Superior 1 Diversificación Cretácico Inferior 2 Diversificación Cretácico Inferior Diversificación Jurasico Superior Diversificación Jurasico Medio Diversificación Triasico-Jurasico Inferior EvoluciEvolucióónn dede lala mandmandííbulabula mmmm http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/topics/mammal_anatomy/tooth_diversity.html http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/topics/mammal_anatomy/tooth_diversity.html http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/topics/ ElEl molarmolar mammal_anatomy/tooth_diversity.html tribosftribosfééniconico K&K84 Ornithorhynchus Benton, 90 palaeos ElEl molarmolar ““queque sujetasujeta”” yy lala protecciproteccióónn dede laslas encencííasas FunciFuncióónn Kermack & Kermack, 84 MonotremataMonotremata:: ornitorincoornitorinco yy equidnaequidna OrigenOrigen:: CretCretáácicocico inferiorinferior Desaparecen los dientes juveniles y se sustituyen por placas dentales Ornithorhynchus (a) y Steropodon del Cretácico inferior de Australia Benton, 1990 ““ensayosensayos”” dede molaresmolares oo dientesdientes yugalesyugales Multituberculados Docodontos Simmetrodontos El docodonto Castorocauda (Ji, Luo, Yuan & Tabrum, 06 Kielan−Jaworowska, Z., Hurum, J.H., and Lopatin, A.V. 2005. Skull structure in Catopsbaatar and the zygomatic ridges in multituberculate mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica palaeos 50 (3): 487–512. Monotremas ElEl molarmolar tribosftribosfééniconico:: origenorigen dualdual (Luo(Luo etet al.al. 20012001 Marsupiales y Placentados Luo, Cifelli, Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 CombinacionesCombinaciones dede ccúúspidesspides yy crestascrestas Consultar la página web de ADW: the diversity of cheek teeth (la diversidad de los dientes yugales) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/topics/mammal_anatomy/tooth_diversity.html .
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