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ESTADÍSTICO DE PESCA Índice ANUARIO ESTADÍSTICO DE PESCA Índice INTRODUCCIÓN 7 CAPÍTULO I PRODUCCIÓN PESQUERA 13 CAPÍTULO II INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN 109 CAPÍTULO III COMERCIALIZACIÓN Y CONSUMO 123 CAPÍTULO IV FACTORES DE PRODUCCIÓN 147 CAPÍTULO V NORMATIVIDAD 177 CAPÍTULO VI ESTADÍSTICAS INTERNACIONALES 201 GLOSARIO 237 ÍNDICE DE CUADROS 243 ANEXO 257 SECRETARÍA DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERÍA, DESARROLLO RURAL, PESCA Y ALIMENTACIÓN Javier Bernardo Usabiaga Arroyo SECRETARIO Jerónimo Ramos Sáenz Pardo COMISIONADO NACIONAL DE ACUACULTURA Y PESCA Juan Carlos Cortés García SUBSECRETARIO DE PLANEACIÓN Víctor Villalobos Arámbula SUBSECRETARIO DE AGRICULTURA Y GANADERÍA Antonio Ruiz García SUBSECRETARIO DE DESARROLLO RURAL Mara Angélica Murillo Correa DIRECTORA GENERAL DE POLÍTICA Y FOMENTO PESQUERO Guillermo Compean Jiménez PRESIDENTE DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE LA PESCA p Introducción Introducción a Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación, tiene como uno de sus propósitos esenciales difundir en forma confiable y oportuna, los L principales indicadores de la actividad pesquera en México, que son importantes para conocer el comportamiento y evolución de la explotación, conservación e industrialización de la flora y fauna acuática del país. La SAGARPA a través del desarrollo y actualización de su infraestructura informática y el rediseño de los sistemas estadísticos, aunado a la automatización en sus procesos, propicia las condiciones necesarias para la generación de información estadística actual y confiable, que permite conocer los fenómenos que comprende la pesca en su conjunto. Para la integración de este documento fue necesaria una cercana vinculación entre las delegaciones federales, las oficinas de la SAGARPA y los órganos centrales de la Secretaría, quienes por medio de procedimiento ya establecido, llevaron a cabo la tarea de recopilar e integrar la información estadística emanada de los diferentes agentes que participan activamente en este sector. La coordinación entre la Dirección de Estadística y Registro Pesqueros, de la Dirección de Política y Fomento Pesquero y las Direcciones Generales de Acuacultura, Administración de Pesque- rías e Infraestructura Pesquera ha sido fundamental en la elabora- ción de este documento, ya que permitió explotar, de la mejor manera, la información contenida en el Registro Nacional de la Pesca, en los avisos de arribo y de cosecha, en permisos y conce- siones, y la correspondiente a plantas industriales e infraestructura. El Anuario Estadístico de Pesca 2000 es una herramienta útil e importante para la administración de pesquerías, así como para la definición y evaluación de la política pesquera, al ampliar la cobertura temática de las estadísticas sectoriales, presentar. la información con diferentes niveles de agregación e incluir datos de todos los subsectores de la actividad. Asimismo, su difusión y promoción hacia el sector público y privado, universidades e institutos de investigación y público en general, apoya la planeación de actividades y la toma de decisiones por parte de los involucrados e interesados en la pesca. Agradecemos al Banco de México, a la FAO, a las institu- ciones gubernamentales y de investigación, así como al sector pro- ductivo pesquero por su apoyo, la valiosa colaboración y la indispen- sable información que hizo posible la elaboración de este documento. Con el fin de observar correspondencia con anuarios anterio- res y facilitar la consulta de su contenido, el Anuario Estadístico de Pesca 2000 se integra con los siguientes apartados de información. El capítulo 1 concentra información sobre los volúmenes de producción obtenidos en la fase primaria de la actividad (captura y acuacultura). Las variables manejadas son: producción por princi- pales especies, destino de consumo, litoral y entidad federativa, acuacultura, así como el valor de lo explotado o cultivado a precios de productor (precio en playa); al final se incorpora un conjunto de cuadros con series históricas de producción, desglosadas por principales pesquerías, litorales y entidades. En el capítulo 2 se presentan estadísticas sobre la transfor- mación o industrialización de productos pesqueros. Sus indicadores más representativos se refieren a materia prima procesada y producción obtenida, desagregándola por entidad federativa y princi- pales procesos de producción, es decir, congelado, enlatado, reducción (elaboración de harina de pescado y aceites) y otros procesos. El capítulo 3 contiene las estadísticas sobre la fase de la comercialización y consumo de los productos provenientes de la pesca: disponibilidad, consumo (aparente y per-cápita), precios y balanza comercial pesquera, incluyendo series históricas sobre estos indicadores. Enseguida, en el capítulo 4, se da a conocer información acerca de los principales activos disponibles en el sector, esto es, flota, planta industrial, instalaciones portuarias, granjas acuícolas comerciales y centros de acuacultura. De igual manera, aparecen las cifras de los empleos generados por la actividad, las organizaciones sociales pesqueras y su membresía, como también los créditos otorgados al sector por la banca de desarrollo. El capítulo 5 resume información sobre las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NOM) vigentes y proyectos de NOM que conciernen a la actividad pesquera, así como de las vedas que se aplican en las diferentes pesquerías. En el capítulo 6 se hace un compendio de las principales variables de la actividad pesquera mundial, en el que se puede apreciar la destacada participación de México. La estructura del Anuario concluye con la presentación del anexo, que comprende el glosario de términos, la lista de las especies que integran cada una de las pesquerías para las cuales se registra información desagregada y se presentan cuadros sinópticos a manera de indicadores, sobre las principales variables de la pesca mexicana, de las pesquerías más importantes, al igual que las fases y especies con mayor participación relativa en la pesca mundial. Es oportuno señalar que, con el propósito de mantener perió- dicamente informado al sector pesquero, se elaboran y difunden mensualmente los indicadores de la producción pesquera, con cifras preliminares sobre las principales variables de la pesca en sus fases de captura, acuacultura, industria y comercialización. Estos indica- dores se encuentran disponibles para su consulta en la biblioteca “Ing. José Luis de la Loma y Oteyza” de la SAGARPA, sita en Benjamín Franklín 146, Col. Escandón, 11800, Miguel Hidalgo, D. F., así como en Internet: www.sagarpa.gob.mx. Nota: La mayor parte de los cuadros que se presentan en este Anuario Estadístico de Pesca 2000 fueron elaborados en la Dirección de Estadística y Registro Pesqueros con información propia. Los datos que se incluyen en las series históricas tienen como fuente los anuarios de los años que se indican. Sólo se especifica la fuente en los casos en que ésta sea diferente, o que el cuadro haya sido elaborado por la citada Dirección en colaboración con otra área. 1 Producción pesquera Producción pesquera ste apartado del Anuario presenta las estadísticas de la etapa primaria de la actividad, es decir, las cifras sobre los volúmenes de la producción pesquera E nacional. Para su mejor comprensión, se presentan por separado las cifras sobre la producción total y las que tienen su origen sólo en las prácticas de cultivo, ambas realizadas con fines comerciales. Es necesario precisar que los cuadros estadísticos sobre producción se presentan en peso vivo y desembarcado. En el caso de los cuadros de valor, la producción se reporta en esta última expresión, puesto que de este modo es como se comercializa y se asienta su precio a pie de playa. Durante 2000 se continuó el esfuerzo iniciado años anteriores en las delegaciones federales y oficinas centrales, cuyo objetivo fue identificar la composición por especies de la captura sin registro oficial. De esta manera, al igual que en los tres anuarios precedentes, las cifras de producción de varias especies incluyen parte de la captura sin registro oficial, mientras que el renglón “otras sin registro oficial” comprende la parte complementaria no identificada por especie. Por lo que se refiere a la acuacultura, es importante señalar que, con el fin de precisar los alcances de esta actividad, la información se presenta desagregada en dos modalidades de cultivo: sistemas controlados y pesquerías acuaculturales. La definición de las mismas aparece en el glosario de términos. Con el fin de presentar información comparable cronoló- gicamente, se dispone de series históricas de la producción estatal y por especie. En este volumen se incrementa, con respecto a anuarios anteriores, la cantidad de series históricas que se presentan. Cabe aclarar que existen algunas diferencias entre los totales por especie presentados en algunos anuarios y la desagregación de los mismos por entidad federativa. Para elaborar los cuadros que se exponen, se ha utilizado la información desagregada por entidad, a partir de los anuarios estadísticos que cubren los períodos a que se hace referencia. Respecto a la forma en que se agrupan las especies, es oportuno indicar que ésta es similar a la presentada en el Anuario de 1997, pero diferente a la utilizada en los precedentes, ofreciéndose una mayor desagregación de especies, al identificarse algunas que con antela-ción se presentaban reunidas en el rubro “Otras”. En las series históricas referidas a los túnidos, desde ejercicios anteriores se incluyen solamente atún, bonito y barrilete, excluyendo el jurel. Por
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