June 18, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H3635 ‘‘(B) is outside the and is a na- General Assembly of the United Nations on De- considered as read and printed in the tional of the United States or a legal entity or- cember 15, 1997; RECORD. ganized under the laws of the United States (in- ‘‘(8) the term ‘intergovernmental organization’ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there cluding any of its States, districts, common- includes international organizations; objection to the request of the gen- wealths, territories, or possessions); and ‘‘(9) the term ‘international organization’ has ‘‘(2) knowingly conceals or disguises the na- the same meaning as in section 1116(b)(5) of this tleman from Wisconsin? ture, location, source, ownership, or control of title; There was no objection. any material support, resources, or funds— ‘‘(10) the term ‘armed conflict’ does not in- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ‘‘(A) knowing or intending that the support or clude internal disturbances and tensions, such objection to the original request of the resources were provided in violation of section as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence, gentleman from Wisconsin? 2339B of this title; or and other acts of a similar nature; There was no objection. ‘‘(B) knowing or intending that any such ‘‘(11) the term ‘serious bodily injury’ has the A motion to reconsider was laid on funds or any proceeds of such funds were pro- same meaning as in section 1365(g)(3) of this the table. vided or collected in violation of subsection (a); title; f shall be punished as prescribed in subsection ‘‘(12) the term ‘national of the United States’ (d)(2). has the meaning given that term in section b 1500 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality ‘‘(d) PENALTIES.— Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)); and REMOVAL OF NAME OF MEMBER ‘‘(1) SUBSECTION (A).—Whoever violates sub- ‘‘(13) the term ‘state’ has the same meaning as section (a) shall be fined under this title, impris- AS COSPONSOR OF H.R. 1475 that term has under international law, and in- oned for not more than 20 years, or both. cludes all political subdivisions thereof. Mrs. CLAYTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask ‘‘(2) SUBSECTION (C).—Whoever violates sub- ‘‘(f) CIVIL PENALTY.—In addition to any other unanimous consent that my name be section (c) shall be fined under this title, impris- criminal, civil, or administrative liability or pen- withdrawn as a cosponsor of H.R. 1475. oned for not more than 10 years, or both. alty, any legal entity located within the United The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. ‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— States or organized under the laws of the United ‘‘(1) the term ‘funds’ means assets of every SIMPSON). Is there objection to the re- States, including any of the laws of its States, kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or quest of the gentlewoman from North districts, commonwealths, territories, or posses- immovable, however acquired, and legal docu- Carolina? sions, shall be liable to the United States for the ments or instruments in any form, including There was no objection. sum of at least $10,000, if a person responsible electronic or digital, evidencing title to, or inter- for the management or control of that legal enti- f est in, such assets, including coin, currency, ty has, in that capacity, committed an offense bank credits, travelers checks, bank checks, ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER set forth in subsection (a).’’. money orders, shares, securities, bonds, drafts, PRO TEMPORE (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec- and letters of credit; tions at the beginning of chapter 113B of title The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- ‘‘(2) the term ‘government facility’ means any 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at permanent or temporary facility or conveyance ant to clause 8 of rule XX, the Chair the end thereof the following: that is used or occupied by representatives of a announces that he will postpone fur- state, members of a government, the legislature, ‘‘2339C. Prohibitions against the financing of ther proceedings today on the further or the judiciary, or by officials or employees of terrorism.’’. motion to suspend the rules on which a a state or any other public authority or entity (c) DISCLAIMER.—Nothing contained in this recorded vote or the yeas and nays are or by employees or officials of an intergovern- section is intended to affect the scope or appli- ordered, or on which the vote is ob- mental organization in connection with their of- cability of any other Federal or State law. jected to under clause 6 of rule XX. ficial duties; SEC. 203. EFFECTIVE DATE. Any record vote on the postponed ‘‘(3) the term ‘proceeds’ means any funds de- Except for paragraphs (1)(D) and (2)(B) of question will be taken tomorrow. rived from or obtained, directly or indirectly, section 2339C(b) of title 18, United States Code, through the commission of an offense set forth which shall become effective on the date that f in subsection (a); the International Convention for the Suppres- 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF UNITED ‘‘(4) the term ‘provides’ includes giving, do- sion of the Financing of Terrorism enters into STATES ARMY nating, and transmitting; force for the United States, and for the provi- ‘‘(5) the term ‘collects’ includes raising and re- sions of section 2339C(e)(7)(I) of title 18, United Mr. HAYES. Mr. Speaker, I move to ceiving; States Code, which shall become effective on the suspend the rules and agree to the con- ‘‘(6) the term ‘predicate act’ means any act re- date that the International Convention for the current resolution (H. Con. Res. 364) ferred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of sub- Suppression of Terrorist Bombing enters into recognizing the historic significance of section (a)(1); force for the United States, section 202 shall the 50th anniversary of the founding of ‘‘(7) the term ‘treaty’ means— take effect on the date of enactment of this Act. the Special Forces ‘‘(A) the Convention for the Suppression of TITLE III—ANCILLARY MEASURES Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, done at The and honoring the ‘‘Father of the Spe- Hague on December 16, 1970; SEC. 301. ANCILLARY MEASURES. cial Forces’’, Colonel Aaron Bank ‘‘(B) the Convention for the Suppression of (a) WIRETAP PREDICATES.—Section 2516(1)(q) (United States Army, retired) of Mis- of title 18, United States Code, is amended by— Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Avia- sion Viejo, , for his role in es- tion, done at Montreal on September 23, 1971; (1) inserting ‘‘2332f,’’ after ‘‘2332d,’’; and (2) striking ‘‘or 2339B’’ and inserting ‘‘2339B, tablishing the Army Special Forces, as ‘‘(C) the Convention on the Prevention and or 2339C’’. amended. Punishment of Crimes against Internationally (b) FEDERAL CRIME OF TERRORISM.—Section The Clerk read as follows: Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, 2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is adopted by the General Assembly of the United H. CON. RES. 364 amended by— Nations on December 14, 1973; Whereas on June 22, 2002, the Special (1) inserting ‘‘2332f (relating to bombing of ‘‘(D) the International Convention against the Forces Association will celebrate the 50th public places and facilities),’’ after ‘‘2332b (re- Taking of Hostages, adopted by the General As- anniversary of the establishment of the first lating to acts of terrorism transcending national sembly of the United Nations on December 17, permanent special forces unit in the United boundaries),’’; and 1979; States Army; (2) inserting ‘‘2339C (relating to financing of ‘‘(E) the Convention on the Physical Protec- Whereas such unit was created in response terrorism,’’ before ‘‘or 2340A (relating to tor- tion of Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna on to the advocacy of Colonel Aaron Bank ture)’’. March 3, 1980; (United States Army, retired), known as the (c) PROVIDING MATERIAL SUPPORT TO TER- ‘‘(F) the Protocol for the Suppression of Un- ‘‘Father of the Special Forces’’; RORISTS PREDICATE.—Section 2339A of title 18, lawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving Whereas Colonel Aaron Bank’s service in United States Code, is amended by inserting International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Office of Strategic Services and his expe- ‘‘2332f,’’ before ‘‘or 2340A’’. the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful rience leading resistance fighters against (d) FORFEITURE OF FUNDS, PROCEEDS, AND IN- Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done Nazi Germany convinced him of the need for STRUMENTALITIES.—Section 981(a)(1) of title 18, at Montreal on February 24, 1988; United States Code, is amended by adding at the permanent, elite units in the Armed Forces ‘‘(G) the Convention for the Suppression of end the following: that would specialize in small unit and Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime ‘‘(H) Any property, real or personal, involved counterinsurgency tactics, intelligence oper- Navigation, done at Rome on March 10, 1988; in a violation or attempted violation, or which ations, and the training of indigenous sol- ‘‘(H) the Protocol for the Suppression of Un- constitutes or is derived from proceeds traceable diers; lawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Plat- to a violation, of section 2339C of this title.’’. Whereas in 1952 the Army created its first forms located on the Continental Shelf, done at special forces unit, the 10th Special Forces Rome on March 10, 1988; or Mr. SENSENBRENNER (during the Group, at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, which ‘‘(I) the International Convention for the Sup- reading). Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous would later be known for the distinctive pression of Terrorist Bombings, adopted by the consent that the Senate amendment be green berets worn by its soldiers;

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:36 Jun 19, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18JN7.014 pfrm09 PsN: H18PT1 H3636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 18, 2002 Whereas Colonel Aaron Bank was assigned rate them on the 50th anniversary of anniversary. Given this historic anni- as the first commanding officer of the 10th Special Forces this coming Thursday, versary and Colonel Bank’s contribu- Special Forces Group; June 22. tion to the way in which America suc- Whereas the success of the United States Fifty years ago, Colonel Aaron cessfully conducts modern warfare, it Army Special Forces encouraged the incor- poration of principles of force multiplication Bank’s service in the Office of Stra- is appropriate to honor this man to into the military doctrine of the United tegic Services and his experience lead- whom we owe so much. States and paved the way for the revitaliza- ing resistance fighters against Nazi Colonel Bank, who is now 99 years tion of special operations forces in the Navy, Germany convinced him of the need for old, was an officer during World War II Air Force, and Marine Corps; permanent elite units in the Armed assigned to the Office of Strategic Whereas these special operations forces Forces. He envisioned a force that Services, the precursor to the Central have helped revolutionize the conduct of would specialize in small unit and Intelligence Agency. He fought in Eu- modern warfare; counterinsurgency tactics, intelligence rope behind enemy lines, and after the Whereas special operations soldiers have war he spent time in Southeast Asia served with bravery and distinction in every operations, and the training of indige- major military conflict in which the United nous soldiers. As a result of Colonel searching for U.S. prisoners of war. States has been involved in the last 50 years Bank’s efforts, in 1922 the Army cre- Colonel Bank’s experience in leading and in innumerable covert operations; ated the first permanent special oper- resistance fighters taught him the po- Whereas special operations soldiers are ations force, the 10th Special Forces tential of these new tactics in modern sometimes called upon to conduct missions Group at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. warfare. It showed him the usefulness so secret that their bravery cannot be fully Colonel Bank became the commander of military personnel trained in small recognized; of these soldiers, who are known for unit tactics, foreign languages, and Whereas special operations soldiers are subversion. His prescience led him to playing a critical role in the war against ter- their distinctive green berets. Becom- rorism; and ing a highly specialized and effective undertake a new mission: The forma- Whereas thanks to Colonel Aaron Bank component of our military, the U.S. tion of Special Forces within the and the thousands of United States Army Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force Army. They would specialize in small- Special Forces soldiers who have followed have all followed suit in creating spe- unit counterinsurgency tactics, intel- him, the Armed Forces are better prepared cial operations units. ligence operations, and the training of to conduct unconventional warfare and to The Special Forces have helped revo- indigenous soldiers throughout the protect the United States from developing lutionize the way we wage war, and world. threats: Now, therefore, be it they are an integral part in pros- The idea for such small elite units Resolved by the House of Representatives (the with specialized training was not at Senate concurring), That Congress— ecuting the war on terrorism. When I (1) recognizes the historic significance of was in Afghanistan a few month ago, I first recognized by military thinkers. the 50th anniversary of the founding of the was not only very impressed by the ca- It was not accepted. The United States United States Army Special Forces; pabilities and effectiveness of Special had just emerged from a war fought (2) honors the ‘‘Father of the Special Forces, but also very touched by their with enormous citizen armies in which Forces’’, Colonel Aaron Bank (United States professionalism and positive impact on large swaths of territory were occupied Army, retired) of Mission Viejo, California, the Afghan society. These are the key and held by ground forces. The inva- for his role in establishing the United States to the security and the future of Af- sion of Normandy in June 1944 seemed Army Special Forces; to epitomize this military doctrine: the (3) recognizes the sacrifices and accom- ghanistan, and they are doing a fan- plishments of United States Army Special tastic job. use of overwhelming force and numbers Forces soldiers and of all other special oper- Today we honor the sacrifices made to drive back, in this case, the German ations soldiers in the Armed Forces; by the special operations soldiers of forces. The military successes of World (4) expresses deep gratitude for the con- the Armed Forces who have trained War II and the emerging threat of the tinuing sacrifices of United States Army hard, served valiantly in battle, and massive Red Army in Eastern and Cen- Special Forces soldiers and of all other spe- made the ultimate sacrifice for their tral Europe seemed to provide little cial operations soldiers in the Armed Forces country, many times in missions so se- reason to question this line of think- now fighting throughout the world in defense ing. of the freedoms challenged by the heinous cret that their valor may never be fully events of September 11, 2001; and acknowledged. It is right that we also However, much of the key fighting (5) honors the sacrifices made by United express our deep gratitude for the con- that secured Normandy for the Allies States Army Special Forces soldiers who tinuing sacrifices of Army Special in fact took place not along the beach- have trained hard and acquitted themselves Forces soldiers, many of whom are es there, but behind German lines, with honor by serving valiantly in battle, based in my district at Fort Bragg, where American and British para- with many making the ultimate sacrifice to North Carolina, and of all other special troopers dropped in and operated small their country, many times in missions so se- operation soldiers in the Armed Forces units. These men had more specialized cret that their valor may never be fully ac- training and had operated more as knowledged. now fighting throughout the world in defense of the freedoms challenged by teams than the average GI. Here were The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- the heinous events of September 11, the ingredients for a new thinking on ant to the rule, the gentleman from 2001. military maneuver, and Colonel Bank North Carolina (Mr. HAYES) and the I call on my friends and colleagues to himself had parachuted behind German gentlewoman from California (Ms. pass this legislation, sending a message lines in occupied France to train Ger- SANCHEZ) each will control 20 minutes. loud and clear today to our U.S. Spe- man defectors in sabotage and other The Chair recognizes the gentleman cial Forces that your efforts are hon- methods of undermining Nazi control. from North Carolina (Mr. HAYES). ored, and your sacrifices are appre- These experiences convinced him GENERAL LEAVE ciated by this Congress and a truly that with the proper training, guerilla Mr. HAYES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- grateful Nation. forces could effectively fight the imous consent that all Members may Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the enemy from within. They could disrupt have 5 legislative days within which to gentleman from California (Mr. COX). communications and could conduct revise and extend their remarks on H. Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I thank the special operations to prepare the area Con. Res. 364, the concurrent resolu- gentleman for yielding me this time, for conventional forces. Colonel Bank tion under consideration. and I am very pleased that the com- then made a career decision. He placed The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there mittee would bring forth my legisla- his own prestige and his own reputa- objection to the request of the gen- tion today to honor both Colonel Aaron tion behind this idea and fought for it. tleman from North Carolina? Bank, my constituent, and the Special He lobbied the Pentagon intensively There was no objection. Forces that he played such an indispen- for the creation of such forces, and his Mr. HAYES. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- sable role in founding. advocacy paid off. self such time as I may consume. Colonel Bank is widely recognized as In June 1952, the U.S. Army Special Today, we pay honor and tribute to the founder of America’s Special Forces were created with the establish- the fine men and women of our U.S. Forces. This weekend, the Special ment of the original 10th Special Army Special Forces and commemo- Forces will be celebrating their 50th Forces Group. Appropriately, Colonel

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:36 Jun 19, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18JN7.016 pfrm09 PsN: H18PT1 June 18, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H3637 Bank was made the first commanding make ideal targets for the unconven- man teams or basically split the A- officer of the unit. That unit eventu- tional harassment and guerilla fight- team. ally spawned the Green Berets and pro- ing. On November 23, Colonel Bank will vided the impetus for the formation of Special operations as envisioned by be 100 years old, and throughout his the Navy SEALs, the Marine Corps’ Bank were a force multiplier where you life he has demonstrated unwavering Force Recon, and the Army’s had a small number of soldiers who loyalty and willingness to take on the counterterrorism specialists, the Delta could sow a disproportionately large most dangerous assignments to achieve Force. amount of trouble for the enemy. Con- the goal of his mission. Over the past half century, Colonel fusion would reign among enemy b 1515 Bank’s vision of small-unit operations ranks, and the objectives would be ac- has proven prophetic. The Special complished with an extreme economy During World War II, he served at the Forces have played a role in almost of manpower. It was a bold idea, one Office of Strategic Services. Under that every major military engagement and, that went against the grain of tradi- capacity, he was called on to organize just as importantly, in crucial clandes- tional concepts. a team of German-speaking Americans tine missions that have never made the In the spring of 1952, Bank went to and French soldiers to dress and train headlines. The Special Forces have Fort Bragg to choose a suitable loca- as German SS soldiers with the mis- trained counterinsurgency operations tion for a psychological warfare/Spe- sion to assassinate Hitler. Although and conducted diversionary campaigns cial Forces center. He then went about the mission was terminated on the eve to distract enemy forces. They have assembling a group of soldiers who of its deployment, Colonel Bank and hunted drug kingpins throughout Cen- would serve as the foundation of the his soldiers risked certain death by tral America. They have secured path- new unit. Bank did not want raw re- agreeing to serve on this incredibly ways for the distribution of humani- cruits. He wanted the best troops in the dangerous mission. tarian supplies in the Horn of Africa. Army, and he got them. They were a He was the commander of the 107th Now our Special Forces are engaged group of men who were looking for new Airborne Infantry Regimental Combat in a new challenge: finding and de- challenges to conquer. They were all Team during the Korean War. He has a stroying the cells of al-Qaeda. Our Spe- volunteers willing to work behind rich past. He is respected by many cial Forces are figuring prominently in enemy lines in civilian clothes if nec- military and world leaders. And even our war on terrorism. They have oper- essary. recently, leaders of the Special Forces ated for weeks at a time behind enemy And that last item was of no small contacted Colonel Bank for his advice lines, and they have incurred the brunt matter. If caught operating in civilian on military strategy. In 1997, I spoke of U.S. casualties in this new 21st cen- clothes, a soldier was no longer pro- and kicked off the Operation Bank to tury war. Their successes, though, are tected by the Geneva Convention and Bank, the Walk Across America, which a testament to Colonel Bank’s vision, would more than likely be shot on site brought the retired members of the his legacy that has revolutionized how if captured. These first volunteers were Special Forces Association who started America conducts 21st century warfare. extremely brave, and they did not in Newport Beach, California, to walk It is thus fitting, Mr. Speaker, that worry about these risks, and after across America covering eight States we should show our appreciation for months of intense preparation, Bank’s and 2,640 miles honoring the Green Be- the sacrifices that our Special Forces unit was finally activated on June 19 of rets and raising money for a Special are currently making on the war on 1952 at Fort Bragg. It was designated Forces museum. terror and in every corner of the world. the 10th Special Forces Group, with It was my pleasure on that day when This measure honors the brave men Bank as the commander, and on the I met Colonel Aaron Bank. Today it is and women who have served in this ca- day of activation, the total strength of my pleasure to call him the Father of pacity over the past 50 years, and espe- the group was 10 soldiers: Bank, 1 war- the Special Forces on the 50th anniver- cially the man who created these elite rant officer, and 8 enlisted men. sary of his contribution to our Nation’s units. It is with great pride that I ask That was soon to change, however. efforts to preserve democracy and free- this body to pass this legislation to Bank began training his troops in the dom. honor Colonel Bank for his achieve- most advanced techniques of unconven- Given their contribution to the war ments. tional warfare, and as defined by the on terrorism, it is even more appro- Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I yield Army, the main mission of Bank’s unit priate that we honor the tens of thou- myself as much time as I may con- was to infiltrate by land, sea, or air sands Special Forces alum and the sume. deep into enemy-occupied territory and more than 8,000 men and women cur- I rise in support of H. Con. Res. 364, organize the resistance/guerilla poten- rently serving as Special Forces sol- introduced by the gentleman from Or- tial to conduct Special Forces oper- diers in defense of America. ange County, California (Mr. COX) ations with an emphasis on guerilla Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the which recognizes the 50th anniversary warfare. gentleman from Missouri (Mr. SKEL- of the United States Army Special But there were also secondary mis- TON), the ranking member of the Com- Forces. The United States Army Spe- sions. They included deep-penetration mittee on Armed Services. cial Forces was created on June 20, raids, intelligence missions and Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I thank 1952, when the original 10th with Spe- counterinsurgency operations. It was a the gentlewoman for allowing me to cial Forces Group commanded by Colo- tall order, one which demanded a com- add my voice to this effort. nel Aaron Bank was activated at Fort mitment to professionalism and excel- Mr. Speaker, when one walks into Bragg, North Carolina. From this a lence perhaps unparalleled in our the Special Operations Center, in the permanent force of unconventional sol- American military history. But Bank’s lobby thereof on the right-hand side diers serving in small-scale conflicts men were up to that challenge, and by there will be a portrait of the late gen- behind enemy lines was formed. 1958 the basic operational unit of Spe- tleman from Virginia, Dan Daniels, for The success of this group, to be cial Forces had emerged as a 12-man it was he on June 26, 1986, who intro- known as the Green Berets, acted as a team known as the detachment, or the duced a bill to establish the National catalyst for the creation of similar spe- ‘‘A-team.’’ Each member of the A-de- Special Operations Agency. We have cial operations units within our Navy, tachment, two officers, two operations Special Operations Command as a re- Air Force, and Marine Corps. Colonel and intelligence sergeants, two weap- sult of his efforts, and the efforts on Aaron Bank, an OSS operative who re- ons sergeants, two communications the other side of the Capitol, particu- mained in the military after the war, sergeants, two medics, and two engi- larly with the help of Retired Lieuten- worked tirelessly to convince the Army neers, were trained in unconventional ant General Sam Wilson; this command to adopt its own conventional guerilla- warfare and cross-trained in each oth- was activated on April 16, 1987. U.S. style force. Bank and Volckmann con- er’s specialties, and they spoke, each of Special Operations Command provides vinced the Army chiefs that there were them, at least one foreign language. highly trained, rapidly deployable and areas in the world not susceptible to This composition allowed each detach- regionally focused personnel to support conventional warfare, but that would ment to operate if necessary in two six- the combatant commanders. Today,

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:36 Jun 19, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K18JN7.065 pfrm09 PsN: H18PT1 H3638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 18, 2002 there are some 46,000 Special Forces Bank, and to acknowledge the 50th an- life, along with my friends and class- personnel in the Army, Navy and in the niversary of this great organization. mates in airborne class who graduated Air Force. I can speak first hand of the organi- in July of 1980, and my ranger class Today we commemorate the 50th an- zation only through the constituents that graduated in April of 1981. niversary of the Special Forces of the that I have represented in Texas, so The Special Forces are designed Army. I rise to support H. Con. Res. many who have been part of the Army around light, lethal mobile, and inde- 364. The First Special Service Force of Special Forces. I have heard their com- pendent operations. A key to that is the Second World War is considered to mitment, dedication, but particularly NCO leadership: proficient, trained sol- be the predecessor to the present U.S. their pride in the service that they diers who can operate on their own and Army Special Forces. General George have given, the extra mile, the chal- operate successfully. That is really C. Marshall determined that an elite lenges that they are willing to accept, now the mode for the transformation of force recruited in Canada and our coun- that no challenge is too great for them the Army, and the success in Afghani- try was required to conduct raids and to be able to achieve or accomplish. stan just shows that the vision of Colo- strikes in snow-covered mountainous It is interesting as I have traveled to nel Bank has produced great fruit. terrain. These men were trained in a number of sites since my election to As the Army struggles with trans- demolitions, rock-climbing, amphib- Congress where there have been armed formation in this new era when we ious assault, and ski techniques, and conflict, Bosnia, the Albanian ethnic have new enemies, the model of the were also provided airborne instruc- purification that was attempted, we re- Special Operations Command of light- tions. The First Special Service Forces alize that the Armed Forces and their er, quicker, independent action, more was known as The Devil’s Brigade. It Special Services were key to the suc- lethal, and junior NCO leadership, is a was inactivated in the south of France cess of ending those conflicts. But now model by which I think we will be well near the end of World War II. more than ever with the continuing served in the defense of this country Colonel Aaron Bank, who served in war against terrorism and the con- for many, many years to come. the OSS at the time, proposed a perma- tinuing presence that we will have to Mr. Speaker, I am really honored to nent, small elite unit to do this have in Afghanistan, I can say first- have this opportunity to speak on the counterinsurgency work. So in June hand that the Special Services are key floor in support of my classmates who 1952, the first unit of Special Forces to this country’s success in fighting are still members of the Special Oper- was activated. The 10th Special Forces terrorism. ations Command, and all those who Group was established at Fort Bragg. It is a vision of Colonel Bank’s that have gone before to make this country Let me add my voice to that of the should continually be admired and pro- a better place. gentlewoman from California (Ms. moted. I thank him for his thoughts Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I yield SANCHEZ), the gentleman from North and vision, for thinking about that spe- myself such time as I may consume. Carolina (Mr. HAYES), and others, and cial type of force that is needed to pro- Mr. Speaker, Colonel Bank is a very urge that it be adopted. vide the leadership, the courage and interesting guy. He will be 100, as I Mr. HAYES. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 the refinement of fighting these unique said, in November. I want to reiterate minute to the gentleman from Mary- and special circumstances. It is with that he is still alive and kicking and land (Mr. BARTLETT). great admiration that I join in sup- doing a great job for us. I will remind Mr. BARTLETT of Maryland. Mr. porting this particular resolution hon- Members that until his 75th birthday, Speaker, I rise to ask unanimous sup- oring the Special Forces for their 50 he ran several miles a day. In fact, port of H. Con. Res. 364. years, and to say that we hope that when he had his troops, sometimes he This Thursday, June 20, will mark they will succeed and be in service for had an ambulance follow them during the 50th anniversary of the founding of 50 more years on behalf of the United their workouts because some of the the U.S. Army Special Forces under States of America. new young recruits did not know how the leadership of Aaron Bank. Mr. HAYES. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 difficult it was going to be in those The Special Forces are the best of minutes to the gentleman from Illinois units. Even today, he rides a sta- the best. Through their storied history, (Mr. SHIMKUS), who also is a lieutenant tionary bike four days a week. He lives they have achieved popular recognition colonel, airborne and ranger-qualified in Orange County, California; and we and acclaim as the Green Berets in in the Army Reserve. are very proud of him, as we are of all honor of their distinctive headgear. (Mr. SHIMKUS asked and was given our Special Forces from over the years. As a Marylander, I am proud to say permission to revise and extend his re- Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance that the Maryland Army National marks.) of my time. Guard Second Battalion 20th Special Mr. SHIMKUS. Mr. Speaker, I thank Mr. HAYES. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- Forces Bravo Company makes its home the gentleman for yielding me this self such time as I may consume. at the Gunpowder Military Reservation time. Mr. Speaker, first I thank the gen- in Baltimore County. Mr. Speaker, I am honored to be here tleman from California (Mr. COX) for At age 99, Aaron Bank is still alive speaking about what Colonel Bank has his leadership in helping bring this res- and vigorous. It is without reservation done for the country. It has been men- olution forward, and also I thank the that we acclaim him as a living legend. tioned about the fruit not falling far gentlewoman from California (Ms. He is indeed the father of the Special from the tree. I want to mention some SANCHEZ) for her leadership and inter- Forces, and it is right and proper that of the Special Operations Command in- est in this vital project, and the rank- he is recognized as such in H. Con. Res. dividuals that had an impact on my life ing member of our Committee on 364. I urge my colleagues to join me in through this organization. Armed Services, the gentleman from congratulating Colonel Aaron Bank I just briefly remember my first com- Missouri (Mr. SKELTON). and all of the current and former gen- pany commander, who is now a retired Their efforts and their time spent in erations of Green Berets for 50 years of lieutenant colonel in the Army, John bringing this measure to the floor ex- outstanding service to our country. Everett, who was an A Team leader be- peditiously are most appropriate and Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 fore he commanded my company, appreciated. These folks that we honor minutes to the gentlewoman from where I was a lowly second lieutenant today, past and present, are first and Texas (Ms. JACKSON-LEE). platoon leader. Then there was my bri- foremost warriors; but they are also Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. gade commander, Wayne Downing, who engineers, teachers, and medics. They Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for now is retired Special Operations Com- bring stability and peace to the regions her leadership on this issue and the mand commander, and now works for in the areas that they touch. gentleman from California (Mr. COX) the former governor of Pennsylvania, for the sponsorship, with the leaders of Tom Ridge, and the Agency of Home- b 1530 the Committee on Armed Services; and land Security; and also my first com- They represent us with incredible I rise to support H. Con. Res. 364 and mand Sergeant Major Quesada, who distinction and make clear the old honor the father of the Special Forces was on the raid to Sontay in North adage that simply says, our citizen sol- in such a great leader as Colonel Aaron . All had great impacts on my diers clearly recognize the difference

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:36 Jun 19, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K18JN7.067 pfrm09 PsN: H18PT1 June 18, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H3639 between good and evil, and they are isiana. In 1943, when the Army called for lin- nation is immune, and all nations must not willing to live in a world where evil guists to join the newly formed Office of Stra- act decisively to protect against this prevails. tegic Services (OSS) [predecessor of the Cen- constantly evolving threat. In honor of the Airborne, the Special tral Intelligence Agency], Colonel Bank We must recognize that the threat of Forces and for Colonel Shimkus, I close stepped forward. Under the Command of terrorism is a permanent condition, by saying simply: Colonel William B. (‘‘Wild Bill’’) Donavan, and we must take action to protect Stand up, hook up, shuffle to the door Colonel Bank parachuted into occupied America against the terrorists that Leap right out and count to four. France in the Rohne Valley to train and fight seek to kill the innocent. If your main don’t open wide, with the . Colonel Bank was Since September 11, 2001, all levels of You got a reserve by your side. made Chief of Guerilla Operations. He oper- government and leaders from across Airborne. ated in the area of Avignon and Nimes, along the political spectrum have cooperated Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, with other OSS Jedburgh Teams. Colonel like never before. We have strength- the fog and friction of war ruled the day when Bank was involved with some of the most in- ened our aviation security and tight- seven American special operations forces died triguing operations and personalities of that ened our borders. We have stockpiled on an isolated mountaintop in Afghanistan. era. He was actively involved with the famous medicines to defend against bioter- The battle at Takur Ghar took place during Operation ‘‘Iron Cross’’—the plot to assas- rorism and improved our ability to Operation Anaconda. U.S. military officials sinate Adolph Hitler. combat weapons of mass destruction. sent a special operations reconnaissance ele- Following World War II, Colonel Bank We have dramatically improved infor- ment to a key piece of terrain. As the team served as Commander of Counter-Intelligence mation sharing among our intelligence reached the 10,000-foot mountaintop, the in Bavaria until 1950. He also served in Korea, agencies, and we have taken new steps team’s assault helicopter took immediate where he was the executive officer of a Regi- to protect our critical infrastructure. ground fire. In the course of the next two mental Combat Team. From 1951–1952, Colo- Our Nation is stronger and better hours, the special operations team went back nel Bank was assigned to the Special Oper- prepared today than it was on Sep- to rescue their mate, who had fallen out the ations Branch, Psychological Warfare Staff at tember 11. Yet, we can do better. I pro- back of the assault helicopter. He continued to the Pentagon. It was here that the idea for the posed the most extensive reorganiza- fight until his death. That fight is a microcosm First Special Forces Group took form. On tion of the Federal Government since of men and women who are in the Army’s June 19, 1952, this idea became reality. This the 1940s by creating a new Department Special Forces. The military personnel that occurred when Colonel Bank activated the of Homeland Security. For the first fought on Takur Ghar, displayed dedication 10th Special Forces Group, the original Spe- time we would have a single Depart- bravery, selflessness courage and unity. This cial Forces unit. Colonel Bank commanded the ment whose primary mission is to se- is who our Special Forces are. Group at Bad Toelz, Federal Republic of Ger- cure our homeland. Soon after the Sec- The Special Forces Regiment uses a many until 1954. In 1986, Colonel Bank was ond World War, President Harry Tru- twelve-member team concept. It assigns multi- honored with the title of Colonel of the Regi- man recognized that our Nation’s frag- faceted missions including counter-terrorism, ment for all U.S. Army Special Forces. mented military defenses needed reor- direct action, strategic reconnaissance, psy- The Army Special Forces live quietly by ganization to help win the Cold War. chological warfare, civil affairs, and training their motto ‘‘De Oppresso Liber’’, Latin for ‘‘To President Truman proposed uniting our foreign military and para-military forces in Free the Oppressed’’. Therefore, I salute the military forces under a single entity, counter-insurgency operations. Special Forces United States Army Special Forces and Colo- now the Department of Defense, and Soldiers are teachers who are trained in for- nel Aaron Bank on the historic significance of creating the National Security Council eign languages and are called on to teach the 50th anniversary of the founding of the to bring together defense, intelligence, military skills to people around the world. They United States Army Special Forces. and diplomacy. President Truman’s re- operate in urban, jungle, desert, mountain, Mr. HAYES. Mr. Speaker, I yield forms are still helping us to fight ter- maritime, and arctic environments and are back the balance of my time. ror abroad, and today we need similar sometimes called on to survive for months at The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. dramatic reforms to secure our people a time behind enemy lines. SIMPSON). The question is on the mo- at home. Speical Operations Forces are an elite, spe- tion offered by the gentleman from President Truman and Congress reor- cialized military unit which can be inserted be- North Carolina (Mr. HAYES) that the ganized our Government to meet a very hind the lines to conduct a variety of oper- House suspend the rules and agree to visible enemy in the Cold War. Today ations, many of them clandestine. Special Op- the concurrent resolution, H. Con. Res. our Nation must once again reorganize erations Forces are characterized by ‘‘com- 364, as amended. our Government to protect against an binations of specialized personnel, equipment, The question was taken; and (two- often-invisible enemy, an enemy that training and tactics that go beyond the routine thirds having voted in favor thereof) hides in the shadows and an enemy capabilities of conventional military forces.’’ the rules were suspended and the con- that can strike with many different SOF personnel are carefully selected and un- current resolution, as amended, was types of weapons. Our enemies seek to dergo highly demanding training. U.S. Army agreed to. obtain the most dangerous and deadly SOF include 26,000 soldiers from the Active A motion to reconsider was laid on weapons of mass destruction and use Army, National Guard, and Army Reserve who the table. them against the innocent. While we are organized into Special Forces units, Rang- f are winning the war on terrorism, Al ers units, special operations aviation units, Qaeda and other terrorist organiza- HOMELAND SECURITY ACT OF civil affairs units, psychological operations tions still have thousands of trained 2002—MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI- units, and special operations support units. killers spread across the globe plotting DENT OF THE UNITED STATES Special operations forces and predecessor attacks against America and the other (H. DOC. NO. 107–227) U.S. units have played a role in most U.S. nations of the civilized world. conflicts. In 1985, Congress noted that the The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- Immediately after last fall’s attack, I U.S. SOF provide an immediate and primary fore the House the following message used my legal authority to establish capability to respond to terrorism. from the President of the United the White House Office of Homeland Colonel Aaron Bank is truly a legend. If life States; which was read and, together Security and the Homeland Security were like fiction, Colonel Bank would be the with the accompanying papers, without Council to help ensure that our Federal leading character in one of the most dramatic objection, referred to Union Calendar response and protection efforts were stories of the 20th century. He is called the and ordered to be printed: coordinated and effective. I also di- ‘‘Father of the Green Berets.’’ Colonel Bank To the Congress of the United States: rected Homeland Security Advisor Tom was born in City in November of I hereby transmit to the Congress Ridge to study the Federal Govern- 1902. As a young man he lived in Europe and proposed legislation to create a new ment as a whole to determine if the learned French and Russian. He enlisted in Cabinet Department of Homeland Se- current structure allows us to meet the the U.S. Army in late 1939 and graduated curity. threats of today while preparing for from OCS in 1940. He was commissioned in Our Nation faces a new and changing the unknown threats of tomorrow. the Infantry and served as the Tactical Officer threat unlike any we have faced be- After careful study of the current of a railroad battalion at Camp Polk in Lou- fore—the global threat of terrorism. No structure, coupled with the experience

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