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FAO JOURNAL VOLUME XI, NUMBER 2 September 2007

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FAO JOURNAL VOLUME XI, NUMBER 2 September 2007 FAO JOURNAL VOLUME XI, NUMBER 2 September 2007 As Goes Hamas . Cross-Cultural Considerations for US Security Cooperation in the Middle East Foreign Area Officer Heroes: Your Distinguished Predecessors DISCLAIMER: FAOA Journal, a quarterly professional publication for Foreign Area Specialists, is printed by the Foreign Area FAO JOURNAL Officer Association, Mt. Vernon, VA. The views expressed are those of the authors, not of the Department of Defense, the A Professional Journal for Armed services or any DoD agency. The Regional Specialists contents do not reflect the DoD position and are not in any way intended to super- sede information from official military sources. Use of articles or advertisements September 2007 Volume XI, No. 2 constitutes neither affirmation of their accu- racy nor product endorsement by FAOA or ISSN 1551-8094 DoD. PURPOSE: To publish a journal for dis- seminating professional knowledge and furnishing information that will promote un- INSIDE THIS ISSUE derstanding between U.S. regional special- ists around the world and improve their ef- fectiveness in advising decision-makers. It is intended to forge a closer bond between ARTICLES the active, reserve, and retired FAO com- munities. As Goes Hamas . SUBSCRIPTIONS / ASSOCIATION MEM- LTC David DiMeo, USA pg 4 BERSHIP: Subscription to the journal comes with membership in the association. Membership information may be obtained Cross-Cultural Considerations for US Security through FAOA, P.O. Box 295, Mt. Vernon, VA 22121. E-Mail address is: Cooperation in the Middle East [email protected] or [email protected]. For those interested in subscribing, cost is Major Hank Kron, USA pg 7 $25.00 for one year and may be requested at the above address. Foreign Area Officer Heroes: SUBMISSIONS: The Association is a to- Your Distinguished Predecessors tally voluntary enterprise. For the Journal to succeed, we need articles, letters to the Rod Propst, US Army (Retired) pg 20 editor, etc. Contributors should mail articles to the above address or e-mail to [email protected] or [email protected]. Articles are subject to editing by the FAO Journal Staff, to ensure that space constraints of the publication are met. WEB SITE: The Association Web Site is at — www.faoa.org. ADDRESS CORRECTIONS: FAOA is a private organization. We rely on the mem- bership to update their mailing addresses on a regular basis. E-mail address changes to [email protected]. FAO Journal Editor FEATURES LTC Steve Gotowicki Letter From the President pg 3 US Army (Retired) [email protected] and LCDR Michael Beidler, USN Page 3 FAO Journal Letter from the President . Dear Colleagues, as to take an active role in the running of the FAOA. Please My thanks for the great turnout at our last FAOA submit your nominations by e- Policy-Luncheon, which featured the Director of mail NLT 15 January 2008 to DIA, LTG Michael Maples, as our guest speaker. [email protected] or web- As you know, DIA is the single largest user of [email protected]. We will FAOs, especially in the Defense Attaché System. post a ballot in the FAO Jour- His comments on the importance of your FAO nal and on the web page in early February. skills to our senior leadership were based on first -hand experience and you should all feel proud of the contributions you are making. Finally, Rick Herrick and I attended an event at the DACOR Bacon House in Washington DC. Rick Herrick has taken over the responsibility for This historic house, built in 1824, is close to the our Policy-Luncheons and he has arranged for White House and serves as the HQs of the Dip- the next one to be on Wednesday, 12 December lomatic and Consular Officers, Ret., Inc. 2007, at the Ft. McNair Officers’ Club. The Under (DACOR). The organization pursues programs of Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readi- a public and educational nature to enhance ness, Dr. David Chu, will be our featured speaker awareness of and foster leadership in interna- at this event. Details on this have been sent via e tional affairs. In short, DACOR should be of inter- -mail to local DC officers. est to many FAOs. Because of our involvement in the international arena, DACOR would wel- Bob Olson is coordinating our efforts to have a come military FAOs becoming members. If you FAOA dining-out next year and needs your help are interested you can get additional information in putting a committee together to make it a suc- at www.dacorbacon.org. cessful and fun event. Please contact Bob at rol- [email protected] if you can help in this regard. Thanks again for your support of the FAOA. The FAO Journal Editor, Steve Gotowicki, also Steve Norton needs our support for articles, letters to the edi- tor, etc. The best way of sharing our FAO experi- ences and professional knowledge is through our FAO Journal. Please help Steve to make it as meaningful as possible. You can send your input to him at [email protected]. Your association is managed by a 10 member board of governors (BoG) and representatives from the four Services. In accordance with our by -laws, the membership should elect a new BoG in the first quarter of 2008. Therefore, I would like to solicit your nominations for the BoG, to include a short biographic sketch. Ideally, those nomi- nated would live in the Washington, DC area so Page 4 FAO Journal As Goes Hamas . Lieutenant Colonel David DiMeo, USA, 48G When the 2006 Palestinian legislative The Rise of Hamas elections yielded a majority for Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement—Harakat al-Muqawama Public Services. The deciding factor in al-Islamiyya in Arabic), many skeptics’ worst Hamas’ election victory may not have been mili- fears regarding the progress of Middle East de- tant Islam’s message, but rather the more mun- mocratization and the Arab-Israeli peace proc- dane issue of daily economic survival. Hamas ess seemed validated. Had the fledgling experi- traces its history to the populist Muslim Brethren ment in free elections really brought to power a (Editor’s note: also known as the Muslim Broth- group officially designated as a terrorist organi- erhood), a group which established branches in zation by the United States government? More nearly every Arab country after being founded in importantly, did this really happen in the crucial Egypt in 1928. The Brethren’s success in estab- territory upon which so lishing grassroots support many hopes for regional through its social welfare stability rested? Surely, organizations correlates this signal event, paralleled roughly to the increase in by the emergence of Shi’ite corruption and inefficiency clerics as power brokers in of each country’s respec- Iraq and the large, popular tive government welfare celebrations over Hizb’al- system. Needless to say, lah’s perceived “victory” the Palestinian territories, against the Israeli military where corruption reaches in Lebanon, reinforced levels out of proportion to some alarmists’ dire predic- its relatively tiny popula- tions of an inevitable con- tion, have provided an ex- flict of cultures.1 tremely fertile ground for the growth of the Brethren. Indeed, Hamas’ In fact, some 90-95% of election victory provided an Hamas activity is concen- indicator of the political trated on social welfare.2 forces moving across the UN workers, for instance, Arab world today, but per- who may personally abhor haps not the same kind of movement that radio some aspects of Hamas’ policies, nonetheless talk show hosts have perceived. Rather than an concede that it is often the only organization in inherent antipathy to peace, religious tolerance, the territories that actually delivers international and democracy, the populist appeal of Islamist aid supplies to the intended recipients.3 The groups like Hamas stems from an ability to give situation is often made worse by imposed secu- voice to the political, social, and economic griev- rity measures, some of which involve closing ances of a tired and frustrated public. Interna- state-run schools and clinics and withholding aid tionally, Hamas finds itself a beneficiary of the money, all of which exacerbate the grievances regional turmoil fueled by a power vacuum in upon which Hamas feeds. (As Lenin once said Iraq, rising Shi’ite power, a backlash against of the conditions necessary to fuel revolution, American military intervention, and a stalled “the worse, the better.4”) Even by Western ac- peace process. Page 5 FAO Journal counts, Hamas’ municipal leaders have, since setting either the militant factions allied to them or their election, remained successful in delivering the moderate swing voters who brought them to the basic services—like public sanitation, for in- power, or both. stance—that its secular competitor, Fatah, could not.5 . And the Fall? To make the charge that Hamas’ social If Hamas’ victory appeared to some to be welfare activities are secretly a “front” for its ter- one part of a unified wave of international Islam- rorist operations largely misses the point. Cer- ism, that illusion did not last long. With only a tainly, a portion of the funds from Hamas’ slim majority in the Legislative Council and less “charitable organizations” are funneled into mili- than a majority of the popular vote, Hamas found tant operations, but legitimate social welfare ac- itself deadlocked with President and Fatah leader tivities tend to win irreplaceable public support, Mahmud Abbas to form a government. The en- allowing the organization to dominate the political suing deadlock was broken largely through the scene in a way that armed action alone cannot. intervention of Saudi King Abdullah, leading to the Mecca Accord in February 2007, which called Public Resistance. While the 1987 Intifada, for a unity government between Fatah and a spontaneous, youth-led uprising, took most ma- Hamas.
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