Suffolk County Council and the Suffolk and North East Essex ICS*

Suffolk County Council and The Suffolk and North East Essex ICS*

JANUARY 2020

*INTEGRATED CARE SYSTEM

Introduction This summary provides a brief overview of the Suffolk and North East Essex Integrated Care System (ICS) and its relationship to Suffolk. This summary provides information relating to all the local authorities (LAs) in the ICS footprint.

On 1 April 2019 East Suffolk Council was formed, covering the former districts of Suffolk Coastal District Council and Waveney District Council. On the same day, Forest Heath District Council and St Edmundsbury Borough Council were replaced by a single district council called West Suffolk Council.

Colchester and Tendring local authorities form the North East Essex element of the Suffolk and North East Essex ICS geographic footprint.

Figure 1: Integrated Care System (ICS) boundary (black dotted line) and Suffolk local authorities, 2019

Whilst this paper provides an update to a document published in 2017, the decision has been made to provide a broad overview for the entire ICS area, identifying key demographic variation between the geographies. This is due to the boundary changes mentioned above. Although Colchester is statistically similar to West Suffolk using the CIPFA nearest neighbours methodology, Tendring has no Suffolk statistically similar neighbour (previously this was Waveney).

Local authority descriptive summaries

West Suffolk

“The area of West Suffolk is a predominantly rural district in the heart of East Anglia. Well- connected with London, the rest of East Anglia and the Midlands, West Suffolk is a safe and comparatively prosperous place in which to live. It also has some beautiful and accessible countryside areas, including grassland, heath and forest.

West Suffolk has six market towns, Brandon, Bury St Edmunds, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall

and Newmarket”.

Babergh and Mid Suffolk

“The districts of Babergh and Mid Suffolk form the heart of Suffolk and cover an area of over 1,400 square kilometres (540 square miles). They are predominantly rural in nature, with a number of market towns.

…the heart of Suffolk is a very special place to live and work; with 6,400 listed buildings, 60 conservation areas and two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Both districts feature in the top 50 rural areas to live across the UK in terms of well-being and satisfaction with quality of life. The latest Halifax Rural Areas Quality of Life Survey identifies that Babergh is thirty-third in 2015/16 and Mid Suffolk has maintained a good position at twenty-fifth”.

Ipswich

“Ipswich is the county town of Suffolk, with a diverse cultural population, rich heritage, vibrant waterfront, dynamic university and an unparalleled arts and sports offer. It is also proud of its status as the oldest continually settled English town. Ipswich also has several

large employers who provide a significant amount of employment”.

East Suffolk

“East Suffolk Council covers the same geographical area as Suffolk Coastal and Waveney District Councils combined – from Felixstowe and the outskirts of Ipswich in the south, to Bungay and across to Lowestoft in the north.

East Suffolk is recognised by many as an economic powerhouse area- with many major economic assets e.g. offshore / nuclear energy, Felixstowe Por, BT’s global research and development HQ…”.

Tendring

“Tendring is located in the north-eastern peninsula of Essex and covers an area of approximately 130 square miles. The district is bounded by the River Stour in the north, River Colne in the south, the sea to the east and the town of Colchester to the west.

The main populous areas are those on the coastline such as Frinton, Walton, Brightlingsea, Clacton and Harwich. Harwich is home to a busy international freight and passenger port. Tendring district houses a large elderly population and is also home to the most deprived small area in England, locally known as Jaywick”.

Colchester

“The borough of Colchester is situated in the north east of Essex, is approximately 60 miles from London and covers an area of approximately 125 square miles. The main town is Colchester but there are many surrounding small towns and villages of which the largest are Stanway, Tiptree, West Mersea and Wivenhoe.

The borough houses a large university of approximately 8,000 students and is also home to a garrison with capacity for approximately 4,000 military personnel”.

Sources:1–6

Population For the purposes of calculating the ICS footprint, the old geographical local authority (LA) boundaries have been used, in order to exclude the Waveney population.

Figure 1: Population Mid 2018 2018 Population

Colchester 192,523 Tendring 145,803 Ipswich 137,532 Suffolk Coastal 129,938 St Edmundsbury 113,482 Mid Suffolk 102,493 Babergh 91,401 Forest Heath 65,399

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

Source: 7

• The total population of the Suffolk and North East Essex (SNEE) ICS is nearly 978,600 people (978,571), as of 2018 estimates. This compares to a population of approximately 758,600 (758,556) for the Suffolk County Council area. • The Colchester and Tendring population combined equates to 338,300 individuals. When Waveney is subtracted from the Suffolk footprint and Colchester and Tendring are added, this equates to a net gain of 220,000 residents when comparing the Suffolk footprint to that of the ICS area. • Using new boundary data the largest local authority area would be East Suffolk Council, however as this contains the former Waveney district, calculations have been made using the former LA boundaries. o Using this method, Colchester has the largest population (around 192,500 individuals), and Forest Heath has the smallest population (65,400). Forest Heath is now part of the West Suffolk Council area. • The new council areas have been included for comparison only below (shaded grey). • Ipswich has the highest population density per square kilometre.

Table 1: Area and population density (2018) Name Area (sq km) People per sq. km Population estimate East Suffolk 1,262 197 248,249 West Suffolk 1,035 173 178,881 Suffolk Coastal 892 146 129,938 Mid Suffolk 871 118 102,493 St Edmundsbury 657 173 113,482 Babergh 594 154 91,401 Forest Heath 378 173 65,399 Tendring 338 432 145,803 Colchester 329 585 192,523 Ipswich 40 3,480 137,532 Source: 7

Age Figure 2: Proportion in broad age band, mid 2018 100.0% 7.0% 4.5% 5.0% 4.8% 6.2% 6.3% 7.7% 8.1% 6.4% 6.2% 90.0% 12.7% 13.0% 11.6% 18.1% 16.2% 16.8% 16.4% 80.0% 19.0% 19.6% 21.5% 70.0% 30.0% 26.9% 30.5% 60.0% 34.6% 32.0% 32.3% 31.8% 34.3% 34.4% 31.7% 50.0% 40.0% 29.1% 30.2% 28.4% 23.3% 22.4% 23.3% 30.0% 18.5% 20.1% 17.5% 18.4% 20.0% 10.0% 21.2% 23.7% 24.8% 24.6% 20.9% 22.1% 20.8% 20.4% 22.1% 22.3% 0.0%

0-19 20-39 40-64 65-79 80+

Source: 7

• Tendring in North East Essex has the highest number of residents aged 65 years and over (approximately 43,100), and the highest proportion of residents aged 65 years and over (29.5%). • Tendring also has the highest number and proportion of residents aged 80 years and over (11,800 and 8.1% respectively). • Compared to the ICS footprint as a whole, Suffolk County Council (including Waveney), has a higher proportion of residents aged 65 and over (23.2% vs 22.5%). • However, when looking at the numbers of individuals aged 65 and over, there are around 176,100 people aged 65 and over in Suffolk, compared to 220,500 for the ICS, a difference of 44,400. • The former Forest Heath district (now part of West Suffolk) has the highest proportion of 0-19 year olds, nearly 1 in 4 people in the area in 2018 were aged 0-19 (24.8%). However, the highest absolute number of 0-19 year olds live in Colchester Borough, where 45,600 people are aged 0-19.

Economic activity

Table 2: Economic activity in ICS districts and boroughs, Jan-December 2018

% Forest Mid Suffolk Babergh Colchester Heath Ipswich Suffolk St Edmundsbury Coastal Tendring Economic 82.5 81.3 78.9 80.3 82.1 84.2 85.0 76.6 activity rate - aged 16-64 Employment rate 78.6 79.2 74.8 78.1 77.7 83.0 81.8 74.0 – aged 16-64 Unemployment 4.7 2.5 5.1 2.7 5.4 No data 3.7 3.4 rate –aged 16-64 Unemployment 4.2 2.5 4.9 2.7 5.1 No data 3.9 3.2 rate – aged 16+ Source: 8

Table 3: Economic activity for Suffolk and the East of England, Jan-December 2018

% Suffolk East Economic activity rate - aged 16-64 81.6 80.8 Employment rate - aged 16-64 78.5 78.0 Unemployment rate - aged 16-64 3.8 3.5 Unemployment rate - aged 16+ 3.7 3.5 Source: 8

• Within the old district and boundary areas, Suffolk Coastal had the highest economic activity and employment rates for people aged 16-64 in 2018, Tendring had the lowest. • Unemployment was highest in Mid Suffolk, with 5.4% of 16-64 year olds unemployed, higher than both Suffolk and the East of England.

Qualifications

Figure 3: Degree level qualifications, people age 16-64, 2018 % with NVQ4+ (Degree level or higher) 45.0

40.0 41.6 38.6 38.3 37.8

35.0 35.2 32.6

30.0 30.2

25.0 27.1 23.6

20.0 21.1 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

Source: 8

Figure 4: No qualifications, people age 16-64, 2018 % with no formal qualifications 12.0 10.0 11.1

8.0 8.6 6.0 7.4 5.7 5.1 4.9

4.0 3.3 3.3 2.6 2.0 0.0

Source: 8 Note: no data for Forest Heath

• Mid Suffolk residents have the highest proportion of working age residents qualified to degree level or higher (41.6%). This is higher than both Suffolk (32.6%) and the East of England (35.2%). • Tendring residents have the lowest proportion of residents qualified to degree level or higher (21.1% - just over 1 in every 5 working age residents). They have the highest proportion of individuals with no qualifications. Over 1 in 10 (11.1%) of residents have no formal qualifications. This is twice as high as the value for Suffolk (5.1%) and higher than the East of England (7.4%).

When looking at numbers, 9,100 Tendring residents age 16-64 had no qualifications, compared to 7,500 in Ipswich, and 6,800 in Colchester.

24,300 residents in Mid Suffolk had degree level or higher qualifications, compared to 17,300 in Tendring.

Pay Figure 5: Gross weekly pay for full time workers by area of residence (£), 2018 700.0

600.0 589.4 536.6 500.0 400.0 £ 300.0

200.0 593.9 580.0 574.9 563.9 546.2 542.2 501.4 480.1 100.0 0.0

Suffolk East

Source: 9

• Residents of Suffolk Coastal earnt more on average compared to Suffolk and the East of England. However, this was the only area where residents earnt more than the East of England average. • Gross weekly pay was lowest for Forest Heath residents. • Across the ICS footprint, and based on old district and borough areas, there was a weekly pay difference of nearly £114 between the highest and lowest average gross weekly pay.

Job density The job density figures represent the ratio of total jobs to population aged 16-64. A job density of 1.0 would mean that there is one job for every resident aged 16-64.

In 2017 the ratios were as follows:

• Babergh: 0.74 • Colchester: 0.84 • Forest Heath: 0.73 • Ipswich: 0.92 • Mid Suffolk: 0.77 • St Edmundsbury: 1.15 • Suffolk Coastal: 0.88 • Tendring: 0.60 • East: 0.85

St Edmundsbury had the highest job density ratio, with a ratio indicating a higher number of jobs available than people, and Tendring had the lowest.

Claimant count data, and low income families

Figure 6: claimant data for ICS area, 2016-2018

Source: 10 *=aggregated number from values available

Table 4: Rounded claimant counts for ICS areas and comparators, November 2019 Claimants as a proportion of Area Claimant count residents aged 16-64 (%)

Babergh 930 1.8 Colchester 2,455 2.0 Forest Heath 555 1.4 Ipswich 3,040 3.5 Mid Suffolk 920 1.5 St Edmundsbury 1,370 2.0 Suffolk Coastal 1,025 1.4 Tendring 3,280 4.2

Suffolk 10,430 2.3 East 84,565 2.2 Great Britain 1,179,440 2.9 Source: 11

For data depicted in table 4, under Universal Credit a broader span of claimants are required to look for work than under Jobseeker’s Allowance. As Universal Credit Full Service is rolled out in particular areas, the number of people recorded as being on the Claimant Count is therefore likely to rise.

• Both Ipswich and Tendring have a statistically significantly higher percentage of children in low income families compared to the England average, as well as statistically significantly higher numbers of long-term job seekers allowance claimants (see figure 6). • When looking at more recent claimant count numbers, again both Ipswich and Tendring have higher absolute numbers of claimants, and a higher proportion of claimants compared to Suffolk, the East of England and for Great Britain, (note Great Britain is used as the comparator here).

House prices Table 5: The median price paid for the year ending June 2019 Local authority name Price paid (£) Babergh 277,000 Colchester 270,000 Mid Suffolk 260,000 West Suffolk 250,000 Tendring 235,000 East Suffolk 235,000 Ipswich 200,000

Suffolk 241,500 East of England 286,950 Source: 12

Figure 7: Ratio of median house price to median gross annual residence-based earnings, 2010- 2016 10.00

9.00

8.00

7.00 based earnings earnings based

6.00 Ratio of median house

residence - 5.00 price to median gross annual annual gross median to price

4.00 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Colchester 6.54 6.46 6.63 6.83 6.72 7.36 7.92 8.34 8.83 Tendring 6.13 6.23 6.03 5.97 6.33 6.76 7.17 7.98 8.37 Babergh 7.31 6.66 7.54 7.54 7.75 8.11 8.78 8.63 9.18 Forest Heath 7.06 7.20 6.96 6.53 7.34 8.02 7.80 7.81 8.27 Ipswich 5.44 5.66 5.57 5.62 5.75 6.08 6.15 6.84 7.06 Mid Suffolk 7.68 7.16 7.45 6.54 6.94 7.05 8.38 9.83 9.64 St Edmundsbury 7.00 6.88 7.52 8.03 8.84 8.74 8.94 8.98 9.39 Suffolk Coastal 8.06 7.44 7.21 7.34 7.52 7.81 8.00 8.83 9.28 Suffolk 6.85 6.63 6.86 6.77 6.94 7.29 7.73 8.37 8.53 East 6.94 6.83 6.79 6.94 7.30 7.86 8.33 9.10 9.12

Source: 12

The latest price paid data is available for the new administrative areas, whereas the ratio data is published for the old areas. Median price paid for the year ending June 2019 indicates Babergh had the highest price paid (£277,000), Ipswich had the lowest (£200,000). Affordability ratios for housing are calculated by dividing house prices by gross annual earnings, in this case gross median prices and earnings. When examining data for housing affordability, Mid Suffolk had the highest ratio in 2018, with house prices being on average 9.6 times greater than annual earnings. When comparing 2018 and 2010 data, St Edmundsbury and Colchester have seen the largest increases in the ratio of house price to earnings. 9

Deprivation The English Indices of Deprivation measure relative levels of deprivation in 32,844 small geographical neighbourhoods, called Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs), in England. It is important to note that these statistics are a measure of relative deprivation, not affluence, and to recognise that not every person in a highly deprived area will themselves be deprived. Likewise, there will be some deprived people living in the least deprived areas

At LA level, Tendring is the most deprived area within the ICS, and almost 1 in 5 LSOAs in Tendring (18.0%) are in the 10% most deprived areas nationally. Additionally, Tendring is home of the most deprived LSOA in England - Tendring 018A, which covers the Jaywick area near Clacton-on-Sea.

The changes in district and borough boundaries mean that Waveney LSOAs are included within the East Suffolk deprivation data. Many small areas within Waveney experience higher levels of deprivation. This will impact upon the results for the East Suffolk area.

Table 6: LA summary deprivation data, 2019

IMD - IMD - Income Income Income Income Average Proportion Deprivation Deprivation Deprivation Deprivation score of LSOAs Affecting Affecting Affecting Affecting Older in most Children Children Index Older People (IDAOPI) Local Authority deprived Index (IDACI) - People - Proportion of District name 10% (IDACI) - Proportion of (IDAOPI) - LSOAs in most nationallya Average LSOAs in most Average deprived 10% score deprived 10% score nationally nationally Babergh 14.27 0.0% 0.11 1.9% 0.09 0.0% Colchester 19.78 1.0% 0.15 4.8% 0.11 1.0% East Suffolk 19.56 6.9% 0.15 6.9% 0.11 3.4% Ipswich 25.89 14.1% 0.19 11.8% 0.15 2.4% Mid Suffolk 13.23 0.0% 0.10 1.8% 0.08 0.0% Tendring 30.48 18.0% 0.25 22.5% 0.15 4.5% West Suffolk 16.25 0.0% 0.10 0.0% 0.10 0.0% Source: 13

Figure 8 highlights changes in deprivation over time based on rank of average rank, for the local authorities in table 3 above. Tendring and Ipswich remain the most deprived local authorities.

Figure 9 depicts deprivation within the ICS area in map form. From this you can see the areas (LSOAs) that are in the 20% most deprived areas nationally. These are particularly dominant in Tendring, but there are also pockets in Ipswich, Colchester, Felixstowe and Bury St Edmunds.

a The score is the proportion of the larger area’s LSOAs that fall in the most deprived 10% of LSOAs nationally. The scores for the larger areas are then ranked, where the rank of 1 (most deprived) is given to the area with the highest score. (Larger areas which have no LSOAs in the most deprived 10 per cent of all such areas in England have a score of zero for this summary measure).

Figure 8: Changes in deprivation over time, 2010-2019

Mid Suffolk Babergh Colchester West Suffolk East Suffolk

Ipswich Tendring

Source: 13

Figure 9: SNEE ICS deprivation map for LSOAs, 2019

Source: 13

Please note, in the map above, Waveney data is excluded, and the outer boundary line shown is the ICS boundary.

Tables 7 and 8 below show the numbers of people residing within each deprivation quintile by area, as well as the percentage of the total population of that area residing within each quintile.

Over 1 in 10 people (12%) in the SNEE ICS are living in the 20% most deprived areas as measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation. When looking at lower geographies, approximately 1 in 3 people in Ipswich and Tendring live in the most deprived 20% areas within England, equating to over 45,000 individuals in each of those LAs.

Table 7: Numbers of people by 2019 deprivation quintile area, 2019

Population (2018) in each deprivation quintile 1 2 3 4 5 Babergh - 14,880 25,860 32,043 18,618 East Suffolk 31,068 49,807 70,864 40,154 56,356 Ipswich 45,672 26,567 30,555 21,910 12,828 Mid Suffolk 1,681 1,482 42,323 32,358 24,649 West Suffolk 1,703 37,595 66,937 47,017 25,629

Suffolk and North East Essex ICS 116,642 172,310 298,136 216,754 174,729 Colchester 19,074 26,752 57,810 44,355 44,532 Tendring 45,239 48,848 35,619 14,471 1,626 Source: 13

Table 8: Proportion of people by 2019 deprivation quintile and area, 2019 % of total population in each deprivation quintile 1 2 3 4 5 Babergh 0% 16% 28% 35% 20% East Suffolk 13% 20% 29% 16% 23% Ipswich 33% 19% 22% 16% 9% Mid Suffolk 2% 1% 41% 32% 24% West Suffolk 1% 21% 37% 26% 14%

Suffolk and North East Essex ICS 12% 18% 30% 22% 18% Colchester 10% 14% 30% 23% 23% Tendring 31% 34% 24% 10% 1% Source: 13

Health summary

Table 9: GP and other selected services as of December 2019 GPs / Branch Dispensing Pharmacies Care Dental Service Optician Practices Practices Home Babergh 19 7 16 29 8 10 Colchester 24 5 36 76 29 22 Forest Heath 9 7 10 8 9 13 Ipswich 15 35 27 23 20 Mid Suffolk 12 10 13 20 9 6 St Edmundsbury 18 8 20 27 13 14 Suffolk Coastal 21 9 22 40 17 11 Tendring 27 8 33 105 15 21 Total 145 54 185 332 123 117 Source: 14

Primary Care Networks (PCNs)

PCNs are where practices have begun working together and with community, mental health, social care, pharmacy, hospital and voluntary services in their local areas. In SNEE ICS the following number of PCNs exist:

• Ipswich and East Suffolk clinical commissioning group (CCG): 11 PCNs • West Suffolk CCG: 6 PCNs • North East Essex CCG: 7 PCNs

Life expectancy Although life expectancy is generally high, there is variation between the LAs. Data for life expectancy at birth indicates that life expectancy for Tendring males and females is significantly lower compared to England, the same is true for life expectancy at age 65. Data indicates that the longest life expectancy at birth is highest in Mid Suffolk and Suffolk Coastal for males, and in Mid Suffolk for females.

Table 10: Life expectancy at birth, 2015-2017 Male life expectancy at birth Female life expectancy at birth Babergh 81.4 84.1 Colchester 80.0 83.2 Forest Heath 80.6 84.3 Ipswich 79.2 83.4 Mid Suffolk 81.9 84.9 St Edmundsbury 81.7 84.6 Suffolk Coastal 81.9 84.7 Tendring 77.8 81.5 Suffolk 80.9 84.1 England 79.6 83.1 Source: 10 Red= Statistically lower than England Yellow= Statistically similar to England Green= Statistically higher than England

Table 11: Life expectancy at age 65, 2015-2017 Male life expectancy at age 65 Female life expectancy at age 65 Babergh 19.6 21.8 Colchester 18.8 21.1 Forest Heath 19.8 21.8 Ipswich 18.4 83.4 Mid Suffolk 20.2 22.2 St Edmundsbury 20.1 21.9 Suffolk Coastal 20.2 22.3 Tendring 18.2 20.6 Suffolk 19.6 21.8 England 18.8 21.2 Source: 10 Red= Statistically lower than England Yellow= Statistically similar to England Green= Statistically higher than England

Table 12: Inequalities in life expectancy at birth, 2015-2017

When comparing the most deprived areas to the least deprived areas life expectancy is:

Babergh 6.5 years lower in the 3.6 years lower in the most deprived most deprived Colchester 7.5 years lower in the 7.8 years lower in the most deprived most deprived Forest Heath 4.3 years lower in the No significant difference most deprived Ipswich 7.1 years lower in the 5.7 years lower in the most deprived most deprived Mid Suffolk Not enough data to 6.9 years lower in the compare most deprived St Edmundsbury 5.1 years lower in the 2.7 years lower in the most deprived most deprived Suffolk Coastal 2.9 years lower in the 0.1 years lower in the most deprived most deprived Tendring 10.8 years lower in the 7.0 years lower in the most deprived most deprived Source: 10 (Slope Index of Inequality)

Table 13: Child and young person health summary

Source: 10 (Benchmark – England)

Table 14: Adult health summary

Source: 10 (Benchmark – England) 15

Table 15: Older people health summary

Source: 10 (Benchmark – England)

When comparing a range of health indicators as summarised in the table above, Tendring compares poorly with England for both children, adults and older people. Whilst these represent only a very small range of measurable indicators, they do help to provide an insight into health and health outcomes for an area. Please also see the health profile extracts in the appendix for more information.

References 1. West Suffolk Council. About the area. 2019. https://www.westsuffolk.gov.uk/Council/Data_and_information/aboutthearea.cfm. 2. Essex Insight. A profile of people living in Tendring. https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0ahUKEwjnh6GtsLvVAhVlLMAKH YkuCDwQFggzMAE&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.essexinsight.org.uk%2Fget%2FShowResourceFile.aspx%3FResourceI D%3D383&usg=AFQjCNEvOv7znpPJn-OhApDxRzD5nwOqhg. Published 2016. Accessed August 3, 2017. 3. Essex Insight. A profile of people living in Colchester. https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwj_0OiPsrvVAhXpKMAKH TYIDlMQFggoMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.essexinsight.org.uk%2Fget%2FShowResourceFile.aspx%3FResourceI D%3D379&usg=AFQjCNEOo7m0c021Jtk1pXodiO0x8iMWCA. Published 2016. Accessed August 3, 2017. 4. Ipswich Borough Council. IPSWICH BOROUGH COUNCIL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY. https://www.ipswich.gov.uk/sites/default/files/final_adopted_economic_development_strategy_- _front_cover.pdf. Published 2018. Accessed November 26, 2019. 5. East Suffolk Council. East Suffolk Prospectus. https://www.eastsuffolk.gov.uk/yourcouncil/new-single-council-for- east-suffolk/east-suffolk-prospectus/. Published 2019. Accessed November 26, 2019. 6. Babergh District Council, Mid Suffolk District Council. Joint Strategic Plan Refresh. https://www.midsuffolk.gov.uk/assets/The-Council/Performance/Joint-Strategic-Plan-2016-2020.pdf. Published 2016. Accessed November 26, 2019. 7. Office for National Statistics. Mid Year Population Estimates 2018. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datas ets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland. Published 2019. Accessed July 4, 2019. 8. Nomis. Annual Population Survey - Nomis. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/. Published 2019. Accessed December 17, 2019. 9. Nomis. Nomis - Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/. Published 2019. Accessed December 17, 2019. 10. Public Health England. Public Health Profiles. https://fingertips.phe.org.uk. Published 2019. Accessed December 17, 2019. 11. Nomis. Claimant count by sex and age. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/. Published 2019. Accessed December 17, 2019. 12. ONS. Median house prices for administrative geographies: HPSSA dataset 9. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/datasets/medianhousepricefornationalands ubnationalgeographiesquarterlyrollingyearhpssadataset09. Published 2019. Accessed December 17, 2019. 13. Ministry of Housing Communities and Local Government. English indices of deprivation 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019. Published 2019. Accessed October 21, 2019. 14. Public Health England. Shape Atlas. https://shapeatlas.net/place. Published 2019. Accessed December 17, 2019.

Appendix Health profile summaries (2019) Online at: https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/health-profiles/

Babergh:

Colchester:

East Suffolk:

Ipswich:

Mid Suffolk:

Tendring:

West Suffolk: