Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Drilling Solutions

Version 6

Table of contents

Overview 2

Integrated Solutions 6 Integrated Borehole Strengthening Solutions (I-BOSS) 6 OPTI-STRESS 8

Drilling Fluid Simulation Software 9 OPTIBRIDGE 9 PRESS PRO RT 10 VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS 12

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products 13 Water-Base Systems DRILPLEX 13 DRILPLEX AR PLUS 14 DURATHERM 15 ENVIROTHERM NT 16 GLYDRIL 18 K-MAG 19 KLA-SHIELD 20 POLY-PLUS 21 ULTRADRIL 22 Oil-base Systems ECOGREEN 24 ENVIROVERT 25 MEGADRIL 26 RHADIANT 27 RHELIANT 28 VERSACLEAN/VERSADRIL 29 Synthetic-Base Systems PARALAND 30 PARATHERM/VERSATHERM 31 Non-Aqueous Systems WARP Advanced Fluids Technology 32

Drilling Fluid Products 34 Product Summaries 34

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 1 Overview

The M‑I SWACO solutions mindset permeates our company and positively influences the problem-solving orientation we have toward our clients, the solutions we deliver, our new-technology advancement, people development within our company and our future strategies.

Starting with the basic building blocks of Before people work for M‑I SWACO, training for the job at hand, M‑I SWACO instructors quickly bring new specialists a Schlumberger company, we screen up to speed in the disciplines required for them to deliver maximum value them not only for current skills from our products and services. M‑I SWACO ensures customers around and experience, but also for their the world get the highest level of service by standardizing training courses to willingness to learn new things, solve meet the universal expectations of all operators. Where locale dictates problems and help others. Once they certain specialized practices, M‑I SWACO trainers prepare field join the M‑I SWACO organization, personnel for those details as well. Once these capable people are working employees have the benefits of in the field, their learning and training are not over. In fact, basic training is just the beginning of a successful career with a global learning-management M‑I SWACO. As an organization, we are developing career paths, checkpoint system which provides worldwide criteria and progress-measurement methods to keep M‑I SWACO and its access to learning, in‑house and people at the forefront of the industry. custom e‑learning solutions, talent and competency management, and performance management.

2 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Overview

Research and development QHSE M‑I SWACO has made considerable Each of our global business units M‑I SWACO people operate with investments in research and engineering has a Quality, Health, Safety and an awareness of the environment facilities as well as laboratories Environmental (QHSE) manager and a sense of responsibility for and field-support operations. who reports to our headquarters in protecting it. We operate specialized Our Research and Engineering Center Houston. Our loss-prevention teams laboratories, including a greenhouse, in Houston and our three International ensure that M‑I SWACO operations where our environmental specialists Technical Centers - in Houston; are in compliance with the latest safety conduct exhaustive tests for toxicity, Aberdeen, Scotland and Stavanger, standards. Full-time occupational health biodegradation, recyclability, reuse Norway - provide 24 hr assistance, and safety specialists make sure that and more. On a larger scale, our and innovative solutions, anywhere our locations and the customer locations environmental emphasis and expertise in the world. Our Ecotoxicological and rigs where our people work are safe. are guiding forces behind the company’s Laboratory in Bergen, Norway, performs The Occupational Health group provides focus on Environmental Solutions. a wide range of analytical services. a management framework that monitors Prime examples of this philosophy Drilling and production frontiers such and investigates a broad range of can be seen in our line of production as offshore Canada, Russia and the health hazards and initiates controls chemicals and our Ecotoxicological Caspian Sea, China, Latin America, to manage those hazards through Laboratory in Bergen, Norway. and land and offshore operations programs such as Hearing Conservation, M‑I SWACO will continue to throughout North America are now Respiratory Protection, Ergonomics and establish itself as a leader by just a phone call or mouse click away Malaria Control. Our customers also listening to customers and trusting from powerful technical support. frequently utilize our expertise to assess our people to develop customized potential occupational health issues solutions to solve their problems. involving our products at their sites.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 3 Overview Drilling Solutions for you and your well

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Solids Control, Pressure Control Production Technologies ■■ Wellsite and project engineering & Waste Management ■■ Specialty chemicals and services ■■ Simulation software ■■ Rig-equipment engineering ■■ Produced water & sand management ■■ Drilling-fluid systems and additives –– Solids control ■■ Scale, NORM & decommissioning ■■ ALPINE SPECIALTY CHEMICALS† –– Solids-control systems services –– Drilling fluids mixing ■■ ■■ FEDERAL† Wholesale H2S & mercury removal –– Shakers ■■ ■■ HDD Mining & Waterwell DRA (pipeline flow improvers) –– Drilling fluids cleaners ■■ ■■ Technical support Integrated chemical management –– Centrifuges ■■ Data services –– FLUIDS PROCESSING SYSTEM† (FPS) ■■ Cuttings handling and transportation ■■ Oilfield screens ■■ Waste injection ■■ Cuttings treatment ■■ Rig instrumentation ■■ Enhanced fluids treatment ■■ Vessel cleaning ■■ Produced water treatment ■■ Production waste management

4 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Overview

Completion Fluid, Underbalanced Drilling, Systems & Tools Managed Pressure Drilling & ■■ Reservoir drill-in fluids @balance Services† ■■ Completion fluids ■■ Rotating Control Devices ■■ Packer fluids & Breakers –– Low Pressure –– High Pressure ■■ Completion software ■■ Fluid Separation Products ■■ Fluid loss control systems –– Drilling fluids Gas Separators ■■ Spacers and displacement chemicals –– D-GASSERS ■■ Wellbore preparation tools –– TOTAL GAS CONTAINMENT† ■■ Filtration (TOGA) ■■ Flow Control Products –– Drilling Chokes –– Choke Manifolds –– Choke Control Consoles ■■ Flow Measurements Products –– CARBONTRACKER† gas flow meter

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 5 Integrated Solutions:

INTEGRATED BOREHOLE STRENGTHENING SOLUTIONS (I-BOSS) SOLUTIONS STRENGTHENING BOREHOLE INTEGRATED Solutions: Integrated INTEGRATED BOREHOLE STRENGTHENING SOLUTIONS (I-BOSS)

Benefits ■■ Reduced downhole fluid-loss ■■ Lower NPT ■■ Potential to drill difficult plays ■■ Applicable for depleted zones ■■ Reduced stuck pipe incidence ■■ Potential reduction of one or more casing strings ■■ Reduced waste volumes ■■ Reduced well construction costs

The exclusive I-BOSS† significantly reduced drilling costs, Those tools include: multi-disciplinary wellbore less non-productive time, and possibly ■■ OPTI-STRESS† software for designing elimination of an entire casing string. strengthening strategy is a particulate-based solutions revolutionary approach to The mechanics I-BOSS ■■ Laboratory testing equipment specifically designed for validation minimizing the excessive wellbore strengthening The fundamental difference between and pre-planning, including non-production time (NPT) I-BOSS and simple lost circulation –– High-pressure matrix loss tester and enormously expensive cures is that the latter deals only with –– Low-pressure matrix loss tester costs of dealing with mitigating losses of whole drilling –– Fracture tester wellbore instability and fluids. Wellbore strengthening with –– Cylindrical fracture cell I-BOSS focuses on avoiding losses lost circulation. by increasing the apparent fracture Drilling and monitoring Throughout the well construction How it works gradient. This is accomplished through enhancement of wellbore process, M-I SWACO proprietary I-BOSS combines chemicals, circumferential stresses, sealing induced software, specialized wellbore mechanical and engineering software and existing fractures, and isolating the strengthening products, testing tools into an integrated solution fracture tip to prevent its elongation. equipment and procedures are that effectively stabilizes wellbores used to identify the most cost- This stress environment is created in during well construction. The I-BOSS effective solution for the specific much the same way that one would approach does not necessarily prevent project. As drilling progresses, shore up an arch with a keystone, fracturing, rather it uses techniques real-time sampling, monitoring and and thus, in a similar fashion, wedging that manipulate existing and/or adjustments keep the wellbore- or propping open fractures and drilling-induced fractures to increase strengthening process optimized maintaining them in that state with wellbore stresses, mitigate fracture for the drilling conditions at hand. propagation and seal the wellbore. particulates or settable chemicals. A suite of proprietary engineering As no universal cure exists for all I-BOSS pre-drilling planning software is employed to monitor the drilling problems, the I-BOSS solutions During planning, the M-I SWACO operation during execution that, among draw upon a range of proven tools specialist gathers information other functions, identifies potential and integrate the elements needed about the proposed well and uses problems and creates a virtual snapshot for a successful outcome on a well- M-I SWACO procedures, software of downhole fluid behavior during drilling. by-well basis. As such, operators can and laboratory equipment to construct wellbores in zones with determine the exact combination low fracture gradients, resulting in of particulates that are needed.

6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 INTEGRATED BOREHOLE STRENGTHENING SOLUTIONS (I-BOSS) SOLUTIONS STRENGTHENING BOREHOLE INTEGRATED Solutions: Integrated

Applications Induced fractures: during drilling, Outward compression of formation: Wellbore Strengthening where the WSM wedges into the The I-BOSS strategy is an ideal option Material (WSM) is driven into induced fractures, it generates for mature fields, extended-reach fractures as they are compression in the wellbore drilling, complex well configurations, induced. The WSM acts wall as it forces aside zones with narrow pore-pressure/ similar to a keystone the formation. fracture-gradient drilling windows and in an arch. when drilling through fragile or depleted zones above the target. The multi- pronged methodology, which begins with a pre-drilling well analysis, resolves many of the limitations of after-the-fact remedial treatments for stopping drilling fluid-losses that often are unsuccessful. In addition, the comprehensive I-BOSS toolkit includes the patented MANAGED PARTICLE-SIZE RECOVERY† (MPSR) technology that recycles wellbore When drilling-fluid pressure induces a fracture, fluid fills strengthening materials, thus reducing the void, wedging it open until properly sized WSM is forced drilling waste and cleanup problems. into the opening. This wedging process “squeezes” the Overall, the I-BOSS suite of solutions formation outward, around the perimeter of the wellbore. reduces the waste associated with building larger volumes of whole drilling fluids to accommodate downhole losses. Features ■■ Flexible solution can be tailored for specific wells ■■ Computer optimization ■■ Rigsite testing apparatus ■■ Ideal for permeable formations Outward compression and strengthening of the wellbore ■■ Novel solutions for shale and carbonate formations ■■ Ability to recover bridging particles Once the drilling fluid is trapped in the fracture behind the WSM bridge, the filtrate bleeds off into the porous ■■ Real-time, in-line particle formations, and the fracture closes. In impermeable size measurement formations where the filtrate cannot bleed off, the WSM bridge must completely seal the fracture.

The drop in fluid pressure within the fracture transfers high compressive stress to the WSM bridge, thus maintaining wellbore compression.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 7 Integrated Solutions:

Integrated Solutions: OPTI-STRESS Solutions: Integrated OPTI-STRESS

Benefits ■■ Helps assure success of wellbore strengthening strategy ■■ Reduces uncertainties ■■ Minimizes NPT ■■ Accurately and quickly identifies product solutions ■■ Reduces drilling costs ■■ Enhances well control

Applications The proprietary OPTI-STRESS The proprietary Engineering Constellation Control software utilizes wellbore pressure † Program (ECCP) suite of programs. data and geomechanical properties of OPTI-STRESS engineering the formations to be drilled (provided In making the calculations, the user software package was by the operator), to calculate the inputs a variety of rock properties and developed to assist with fracture width (aperture) probability. available WSM products. The program The software then selects an optimum the design of Wellbore uses a finite element analysis technique blend of WSM, based upon defined employed in rock mechanics to calculate Strengthening Material available material PSD and calculates the fracture width. Once the fracture (WSM) treatments. the required concentrations. width is calculated, the program selects How it works the appropriate particle size distribution Features The software utilizes the Circumferential, (PSD) and wellbore strengthening ■■ Comprises three components that or Hoop, Stress Enhancement concept material blends to bridge, prop and determine fracture width, WSM of I-BOSS to first calculate the fracture seal fractures to maintain the required concentration and PSD width required to be achieved by wellbore stress that allows ■■ Proprietary engineering tool a desired wellbore pressure, then use of the desired wellbore pressure ■■ calculates an WSM formulation of the in targeted formations. Uses probabilistic techniques based on Monte Carlo simulation correct particle size distribution (PSD) As some uncertainty always exist in ■■ Probability model addresses to fill, prop and seal the fractures. the input parameters used to calculate uncertainties OPTI-STRESS comprises three the fracture width, OPTI-STRESS main components that calculate employs Monte Carlo analysis, typically ■■ Utilizes “hoop stress enhancement” running thousands of calculations concept ■■ Fracture width that pick random values of the input ■■ Total concentration of the WSM parameters within their uncertainty blend required to bridge and seal bands and in the process generating the fracture a scatter-shot probability distribution ■■ The particle size distribution and curve for the fracture width ties in the concentrations of individual WSM input parameters. WSM blends can be components in the WSM blend. calculated for any point on that curve. OPTI-STRESS employs a probabilistic technique that utilizes WSM expected uncertainties in rock properties and drilling parameters. The software is Excel-based and is designed to operate as part of the M-I SWACO

8 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: OPTIBRIDGE Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: OPTIBRIDGE Software: Simulation Fluid Drilling

Benefits ■■ Reduces formation damage ■■ Takes the guesswork out of selecting bridging material ■■ Lowers material costs ■■ Optimizes production ■■ Prevents fluid invasion

Applications OPTIBRIDGE is used in selecting the optimum blend of bridging particles, focusing on an ideal packing sequence for minimizing fluid invasion in sandstone Our proprietary Using the software, the M‑I SWACO reservoirs. OPTIBRIDGE can also be OPTIBRIDGE† software gives engineer examines data from the used to optimize a blend based on targeted formation, including maximum screen sizes commonly used in open- the M‑I SWACO engineer pore-size opening, permeability and/ hole completions. OPTIBRIDGE takes a tool for precisely and or screen sizes, and combines that a graphical approach to determine the quickly selecting correctly input with the bridging-particle optimum particle-size distribution of sized bridging agents. information. From that model, the bridging material for given formation OPTIBRIDGE program automatically characteristics. OPTIBRIDGE uses How it works generates a target line of the either pore sizing from thin section The first step in designing a non- optimum blend of particles that will analyses or permeability information, damaging fluid is to determine effectively minimize solids and combined with particle-size distributions the ideal particle-size distribution filtrate invasion. Once the optimum of the bridging material, to determine for the bridging material. blend is known, the ratio of bridging the Ideal Packing Sequence. materials can be perfectly matched With the OPTIBRIDGE program, the to the formation characteristics. Features M‑I SWACO engineer inputs formation ■■ Accurately matches local bridging Because the OPTIBRIDGE program data as well as information about locally agents with formation characteristics considers characteristics of your available products. Then the software ■■ Applicable for reservoir calculates the “best-fit” mixture of specific formation and matches them with bridging particles available in your drill-in fluids, lost-circulation locally produced bridging particles for treatments, kill pills, fracture effectively sealing the formation face. area, there is no concern about having to wait or bear the burden of extraordinary sealing and perforation sealing The OPTIBRIDGE program improves delivery costs. What’s more, this ■■ Uses actual formation and on the popular Ideal Packing Theory, powerful software package ensures bridging-agent information that will which takes a graphical approach the desired solids are maintained in the provide an optimum filter cake to determine the optimum sizing of fluid system, allowing you to maximize bridging material for specific formation your solids-control program while still characteristics. Basically, this theory maintaining the precise particle-size examines all the voids in a given distribution of the bridging agent. formation and considers the full range of particle-size distribution that will be required to fill them effectively. OPTIBRIDGE software takes that theory a major step further. It generates a mathematical model based on the largest pore size, also known as the d½ rule.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 9 Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: PRESSPRO RT Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: PRESSPRO RT Software: Simulation Fluid Drilling

Benefits ■■ Prevents/minimizes downhole fluid-losses due to lost circulation ■■ Early detection of impending problems by providing “what should be” data to compare with “what is” ■■ Minimized drilling fluids related non‑productive time ■■ Helps reduce drilling costs ■■ Provides real-time monitoring for immediate response ■■ Enhances ECD management by The PRESSPRO† RT service projections that look ahead of the bit, providing downhole pressure based on current operating conditions. profiles during drilling, tripping, from M‑I SWACO provides and other critical parameters unprecedented remote If it impacts drilling or tripping, ■■ Complements PWD when and wellsite engineering the PRESSPRO RT service available and substitutes support with a unique, has you covered for PWD when the data Specially designed PRESSPRO is not available specifically designed suite RT modules provide valuable of software. This proprietary information about all the properties and innovative suite of of the fluids in the wellbore. that combine advanced drilling programs use surface ■■ DRILLPRO† RT software targets technology and 3-D computer graphics measurements to calculate critical parameters that must be Applications considered when drilling a well. downhole pressure profiles PRESSPRO RT and APWD: For the very first time, equivalent a perfect match and fluid properties in real circulating density (ECD) profiles time during drilling, tripping are calculated and displayed The PRESSPRO RT package is an and other critical operations. every second while both drilling integral part of ECD management. and making connections It does not replace the popular APWD tool. Instead, it complements APWD How it works ■■ TRIPPRO† RT software calculates and data, comparing the “what are” The PRESSPRO RT system leverages displays real-time fluid parameters measurements of APWD with a “what the proven technologies in the VIRTUAL while tripping drill pipe and running should be” scenario for early detection HYDRAULICS† module and displays casing—situations where wellbore of impending problems. While APWD key downhole profiles and fluid conditions can change very quickly provides a single-point measurement properties in a real-time SNAPSHOT† ■■ SNAPSHOT RT software provides a at the bit, the PRESSPRO RT package graph that is continuously updated continuous graphical display of calculates complete profiles of downhole with live drilling and tripping data. downhole profiles hydraulics and drilling fluids behavior. Whereas VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS ■■ Additionally, it can substitute for the provides accurate planning and VISUAL HYDRAULICS software PWD when the tool is unavailable, such sensitivity analyses, the PRESSPRO provides a visual representation of as while running casing, when the tool is RT system closes the feedback loop downhole metrics using an easy‑to- non-operational, or when temperatures by monitoring current conditions, understand color scale † or pressures exceed tool limitations. helping personnel modify drilling ■■ PRESSPRO RT NAVIGATOR provides practices and plan for contingencies in a virtual window into downhole advance. VH RHECON† module closes hydraulics using sophisticated 3D the information loop by generating visualization and interactive navigation

10 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: PRESSPRO RT Software: Simulation Fluid Drilling

PRESSPRO RT and VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS packages are a winning combination Now a vital element in many operators’ onshore real-time drilling centers, the PRESSPRO RT package is the only technology that provides in-time equivalent static and equivalent circulating densities at any point in the wellbore during drilling. Features ■■ Managed by a specially trained, onsite, critical-well analyst ■■ Can be operated from remote Operation Centers ■■ Monitors drilling and tripping parameters ■■ A dedicated computer can be interfaced to an existing data- acquisition system with the data- acquisition source on the rig ■■ Predefined screens for targeted drilling/tripping components ■■ Downhole profiles calculated and updated every second and displayed as virtual sensors

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 11 Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS VIRTUAL Software: Simulation Fluid Drilling

Benefits ■■ Transient ECD prediction and recommendations ■■ Office-based critical well planning made easy ■■ Reduced drilling fluids losses during all critical well operations ■■ Drilling fluid properties can be engineered to meet the wellbore conditions of the demanding wells

VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS† is a Applications Features ■■ powerful tool for maximizing The true value of the VIRTUAL Transient analysis of hydraulics HYDRAULICS software suite is truly of all major drilling phases: drilling fluid performance, drilling, tripping, circulating minimizing overall costs, appreciated in deepwater wells where uncontrolled ECDs can quickly exceed ■■ Interactive 3D visualization of and improving confidence the boundaries of narrow operating downhole hydraulics levels while using high- windows, in extended-reach and ■■ Dynamic “reconnaissance” performance fluids in horizontal wells, in HPHT applications simulations to optimize hydraulics challenging deepwater and other technically demanding wells. ahead of the bit Proven on thousands of projects, both and HPHT environments. ■■ Bit hydraulics optimization where critical and more routine applications, rheological properties are part of the How it works this powerful computational tool optimization process literally gives M‑I SWACO specialists VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS is based on two ■■ Improved models and parametric a virtual snapshot of downhole fluid fundamental concepts. The first concept analyses for hole cleaning, ECD behavior before drilling begins and is based on variable downhole properties management, annular velocity profiles, while the well is in progress. This and parameters and sub-divides the downhole temperatures and pressures accurate prediction of downhole well into short segments each with own hydraulics has a proven, positive ■■ New graphics that address key set of properties. The second concept effect on overall well performance. hydraulics-related issues called VIRTUAL RHEOLOGY† takes full advantage of the best available rheological data for the specific drilling fluids in use by combining data from different instruments. VIRTUAL RHEOLOGY uses an innovative “data- cube” concept to predict drilling fluids rheological properties under downhole conditions. Rheology data from field and laboratory viscometers are combined into a 3D cube of temperature, pressure and shear rate.

12 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: DRILPLEX

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Ideal for lost-circulation zones, unconsolidated formations, milling situations, and high- angle and horizontal wells ■■ Minimizes losses ■■ Reduces environmental impact ■■ High rates of penetration ■■ Well-suited for coiled-tubing drilling ■■ Cost-effective

Applications Many drilling operations require a Product Function fluid system that is cost-effective and GELPLEX Complexing-agent environmentally acceptable in addition to Secondary pH control having exceptional hole-cleaning ability,

Soda Ash DRILPLEX & Ca++ removal agent good screenability at high flow rates and the ability to control losses in hard rock DRILPLEX Viscosifier as well as unconsolidated sedimentary FLOPLEX Primary fluid-loss control additive formations. Those applications Caustic soda pH control additive would include the following: drilling lost-circulation zones, casing-milling The versatile water-base components are virtually non-toxic, operations, stabilizing unconsolidated system with exceptional with low concentration of organic formations, coiled-tubing operations, material. The primary fluid-loss environmentally sensitive areas, and rheological properties control additive is a starch derivative high-angle and horizontal wells. designed to lower costs for minimal environmental impact. Features in a wide range of wells The ability to stabilize ■■ Latest-generation Mixed-Metal Oxide How it works goes with the flow (MMO) system † The flow profile of the fluid in the The DRILPLEX system is the current ■■ Highly shear-thinning generation of Mixed-Metal Oxide annulus affords DRILPLEX the ability ■■ Excellent QHSE profile (MMO) products, a water-base drilling to stabilize mechanically weak and ■■ fluid system with unequaled solids poorly consolidated formations. Temperature-stable to 250°F (121°C) suspension, but one that still screens The high viscosity of the fluid at low ■■ Exceptional hole cleaning easily, even at high flow rates— the ideal shear rates results in a stationary layer and suspension of fluid on the sides of the wellbore. system for an array of applications. ■■ Excellent ability to seal the This protective layer shields weak rock The system’s water-base chemistry high-permeability formations found formations from erosion caused by reduces costs and environmental impact, in deepwater drilling minimizes torque and drag and limits the flow. The capacity of the fluid to the chance of hole erosion because stabilize these weak and unconsolidated the DRILPLEX system provides flow formations is further enhanced by that is low to zero across the wellbore the lower pump rates used with the cross-section. The basic system DRILPLEX system. This tendency may contains essentially no components also explain the lower seepage losses that can harm the environment; all its that occurred in several wells in which the formations were fractured.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 13 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems DRILPLEX AR PLUS

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Improved stability of the fluid in the presence of anionic contaminants with less dilution required ■■ Expanded operational envelope (i.e. drilling in running gravel in permafrost) ■■ Fluid-loss is controlled reducing the filtrate penetration ■■ Reduced torque and drag with lubricant addition.

Product Function Applications Many drilling operations require a GELPLEX Complexing agent fluid system that is cost-effective and Soda Ash Secondary pH control environmentally acceptable in addition to DRILPLEX DRILPLEX Viscosifier having exceptional hole-cleaning ability, FLOPLEX PLUS Filtration control good screenability at high flow rates and TROLPLEX HT fluid-loss control the ability to control losses in hard rock as well as unconsolidated sedimentary AR PLUS AR Shale inhibitors K-silicate or polyamines formations. Those applications REPLEX Anionic scavenger would include the following: drilling LUBEPLEX Lubricant lost-circulation zones, casing-milling operations, stabilizing unconsolidated The versatile water-base How it works formations, coiled-tubing operations, system with exceptional The uniqueness of the DRILPLEX AR environmentally sensitive areas, and PLUS† system is derived from the high-angle and horizontal wells. rheological properties and formation of a complex between small, with a robust resistance flat cationic MMO crystals and bentonite Features to withstand the common platelets, and is unchanged from the ■■ Anionic scavenger neutralizes the field anionic contaminants. original DRILPLEX. The DRILPLEX AR contaminants and protects the PLUS drilling fluid system is the most MMO complexes recent variant of MMO system. The ■■ Filtration control allows to DRILPLEX AR PLUS system provides reduce fluid-loss increased temperature stability, ■■ Lubricant adds extra lubricity inhibition, improved lubricity and anionic when it is required compatibility in comparison to the ■■ Latest-generation Mixed-Metal Oxide original DRILPLEX system. In a word, (MMO) system a more robust drilling fluid system. ■■ Highly shear-thinning ■■ Excellent QHSE profile ■■ Temperature-stable to 250°F (121°C) ■■ Exceptional hole cleaning and suspension ■■ Excellent ability to seal the high-permeability formations found in deepwater drilling

14 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: DURATHERM

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Ideal for lost-circulation zones, unconsolidated formations, milling situations, and high- angle and horizontal wells ■■ Minimizes losses ■■ Reduces environmental impact ■■ High rates of penetration ■■ Well-suited for coiled-tubing drilling ■■ Cost-effective

High ROPs, improved solids-removal capability and minimal formation Product Function damage help reduce drilling costs, while XP-20 HT thinner & fluid-loss control its aqueous-base chemistry gives it environmental advantages over oil-base RESINEX HT stabilizer & fluid-loss control

systems. The system is especially DURATHERM TANNATHIN Thinner & fluid-loss control useful when there are concerns POLYPAC-UL or R Fluid-loss control, viscosifier about formation evaluation, kick Viscosifier, filter-cake detection or lost circulation. M-I GEL SUPREME & fluid-loss control It may be formulated with freshwater M-I BAR or FER-OX Weighting agent or seawater, and non-flocculating salts may be incorporated for inhibition. Caustic, lime and gypsum pH control & CO2 contamination Features † gelation caused by the flocculation of The DURATHERM system ■■ Thermal stability to temperatures in active clays at high temperature, as well has been recognized as a excess of 500°F (260°C) as the viscosity increase resulting from drilling fluid applicable in saltwater flows, acid gases, or salt. ■■ Minimal liquid separation or breakout areas of high temperature ■■ Ability to suspend barite and solids Generally, treatments with lignosulfonate without settling and pressure. Due to its (SPERSENE†) should be discontinued at physical characteristics bottomhole temperatures above 325°F ■■ Non-corrosive (when freshwater it also may be used (163°C). Solids-control equipment— is used as a base) as a packer fluid. shakers, hydroclones and centrifuges ■■ Low static shear strengths —must be operated as efficiently as ■■ Quick reversion to fluid state How it works possible to minimize maintenance costs. upon agitation The DURATHERM system evolved from Applications formulations used as packer fluids, The DURATHERM system is a low- where long-term rheological stability colloid, contaminant-resistant water- is necessary, this low-colloid system base fluid designed for high-temperature remains stable in the presence of drilling. It provides good inhibition, acid gases, salts, and drill solids. minimizes clay migration and swelling, The system’s stability can be maintained and is stable to >500°F (>260°C) by minimizing the concentration of active ambient, with densities from 9 to 20 lb/ solids, and using polymeric materials for gal (1.1 to 2.4 kg/L), and at depths from viscosity requirements. This reduces 5,000 to 25,000 ft (1,524 to 7,620 m).

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 15 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: ENVIROTHERM NT

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Reduces NPT ■■ Maintains optimum ROP in highly compacted/hard shales ■■ Environmentally acceptable worldwide ■■ Reduces pressure spikes caused by gelation ■■ Less time spent treating the system ■■ Drilling can proceed in a range of conditions ■■ Economical to use, as fluid formulation can be customized for various temperature ranges Product Function ■■ Less waste for disposal CALOVIS FL Fluid-loss control and secondary viscosifier

ENVIROTHERM NT CALOVIS HT Fluid-loss control and at temperatures in excess of 450°F secondary viscosifier (232°C) and densities up to 19 ppg. CALOTHIN HPHT rheology stabilizer The system’s stability derives from CALOSPERSE and/or CALOSPERSE ZR Chrome-free HPHT thinners its low reactive-solids content and temperature-stable, chrome-free POROSEAL Shale / filter-cake sealing additive materials. The low reactive-solids M-I GEL SUPREME Viscosifier, LSRV, hole cleaning content is achieved by decreasing the bentonite and drill solids content as The ENVIROTHERM NT† How it works fluid density and wellbore temperatures system is the result The system is a successful, field- increase. High-temperature-r proven HPHT water-base fluid and esistant polymeric materials replace of three simultaneous has been used under very severe the bentonite and stabilize the operator demands. conditions—to more than 350°F (177°C). overall viscosity and gel strengths. We have consistently It maintains its stable properties not This minimizes the problems caused by received requests for a only while drilling, but also during the flocculation of reactive clay solids at high prolonged static conditions experienced temperatures and the viscosity increase single drilling-fluid system during tripping, logging and testing resulting from chemical contamination. that is chrome-free for operations. The ENVIROTHERM NT ■■ CALOSPERSE† additive is a unique environmental reasons, system is characterized by low and blend of polymeric and organic that can resist bottomhole stable rheological properties, low chrome-free thinners specially temperatures in excess of HPHT fluid-loss and minimizes hole formulated for improved rheology problems, providing shale inhibition and control of the ENVIROTHERM NT 450°F (232°C) and that uses resistance to contamination for extreme and other water-base drilling fluids. water-base chemistry. conditions of density and temperature. CALOSPERSE additive functions The ENVIROTHERM NT chemistry is effectively in high-temperature water-base and chrome-free, making it (HT) applications. It reduces and environmentally acceptable worldwide. stabilizes overall viscosity and gel The system is stable in the presence strengths and also contributes of contamination from soluble calcium, to reducing the fluid-loss. salts and acid gases, and can be used

16 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 ■■ CALOTHIN† is a liquid anionic acrylic Applications Features copolymer designed to provide The ENVIROTHERM NT system is a low- ■■ Easily managed in the field rheology control in the Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling colloid, contaminant-resistant water- ■■ Excellent shale inhibition ENVIROTHERM NT and other HPHT base fluid designed for high-temperature ■■ Water-base, chrome-free chemistry water-base drilling fluids. In addition to drilling. Water-base fluids are often its thinning effect, the product also is preferred when there are environmental ■■ Stable at high temperatures used effectively to reduce fluid-loss. regulations, formation evaluation, kick- ■■ Stable rheological properties This synthetic additive has a detection or lost circulation concerns. ■■ Resists contamination temperature limit in excess of 450°F Also they have a lower unit cost ■■ Flexible formulation that can be (232°C) and is not subject to bacterial compared to non-aqueous fluids. adapted as temperatures increase degradation. The system is run as a chrome-free ■■ Reduces the need for dilution ■■ CALOVIS† FL synthetic polymer polymer/ bentonite drilling fluid and has is a specially formulated additive been used in the field at densities designed for use as a fluid-loss up to 18.4 lb/gal (2.20 sg). reducing and stabilizing agent in The system is also suitable for the ENVIROTHERM NT system conversion to a super-saturated salt and other high-temperature water- drilling fluid for drilling Zechstein base drilling fluids. It is an excellent sequences. Normally a water-based additive for high -temperature high- fluid would be converted to the pressure (HPHT) filtration control and ENVIROTHERM NT system once the rheological stabilization for drilling reactive shales are cased off, and ENVIROTHERM NT fluids subjected to high temperatures. the temperature profile increases. ■■ CALOVIS† HT synthetic polymer is a Operational guidelines and controls specially formulated additive designed involving extensive on-site and for use as a fluid-loss reducing and onshore testing of the drilling fluid rheology stabilizing agent in the have been developed and are used ENVIROTHERM NT system and to ensure that no problems arise other high-temperature when drilling these critical wells. water-base drilling fluids. It is an excellent additive for high- temperature high-pressure (HPHT) filtration control and rheological stabilization for fluids subjected to temperatures up to 500°F (260°C).

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 17 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: GLYDRIL

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ In-gauge wellbores ■■ Lower fluid-losses ■■ Lower potential for As temperature increases and chemical differential sticking environment changes, ■■ Less torque, drag polyglycol clouds out. and bit balling Soluble polyglycol ■■ Lower dilution rates enters shale pores. ■■ Slicker, firmer filter cake ■■ Greater wellbore stability

shale formations—where wellbore stability, torque and drag are major Product Function concerns. In addition, the glycols Water Base fluid in the GLYDRIL system enhance the Soda Ash Treating calcium ions thermal stability of FLO-VIS†, DUO-VIS†,

GLYDRIL KOH pH adjustments DUO-TEC viscosifiers and polyanionic cellulose (PAC)/starch systems, and KCl Shale inhibition also enhance the low‑shear rheological POLYPAC UL Fluid-loss control behavior of FLO-VIS polymers at POLYPAC R Fluid-loss and rheology temperatures above 248°F (120°C). DUOVIS Rheology control GLYDRIL and ROP enhancement M-I WATE Weighting agent Like most water-base systems, the GLYDRIL MC Shale inhibition GLYDRIL system’s performance can benefit from the addition of an ROP † The GLYDRIL system uses high-saline polyglycol systems. While enhancer in certain applications. an enhanced-polymer, polyglycols are most effective when used in conjunction with an inhibitive- Features water-base chemistry salt, non-dispersed polymer system, ■■ Improved wellbore stability that employs polyglycol they can be used as additives in most and shale inhibition water-base systems. GLYDRIL MC agent technology. Thanks to that ■■ Improved lubricity is acceptable for most applications technology, operators can ■■ specifying low-toxicity additives. Low toxicity count on the GLYDRIL system ■■ Improved high-temperature to deliver a high degree of Applications filtration control In fact, the system’s broad range of shale inhibition; wellbore ■■ Reduced dilution rates glycols makes it a preferred system and drilling fluids consumption stability; HPHT fluid-loss where environmental guidelines dictate ■■ Reduced bit balling potential control and lubricity. a water-base fluid. The GLYDRIL system can be customized to meet a How it works variety of drilling challenges—large- Provides improved wellbore stability, diameter wellbores, extended-reach lubricity, high-temperature filtration drilling, deepwater and subsalt control, plus reduced dilution rates applications, and particularly reactive and bit balling. GLYDRIL MC additive shales. The system also is ideal for is recommended for freshwater to drilling high-angle wells in reactive

18 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: K-MAG

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Reduced dispersion of drill cuttings for easier removal ■■ Near-gauge wellbores for better cement jobs, even in water-sensitive shales ■■ Reduced swelling for wellbore stability

Features ■■ Flexible system can be formulated to suit drilling environment ■■ Excellent shale inhibition and wellbore stability Product Function ■■ Minimizes bit balling, improves ROP M-I WATE or FER-OX Weighting agent ■■ Preserves drill cuttings M-I GEL Viscosity and fluid-loss control for easier removal Potassium Hydroxide pH control ■■ Tolerates salinity from freshwater K-MAG to seawater levels Lime or Gyp. Treat CO 2 out SHALE CHECK† Shale stability ■■ Substitutes for some synthetics where environmental issues are a concern DUO-VIS Low shear rate viscosity POLYPAC R Viscosity/gel strengths Note: Not to be confused with systems having a similar name such as K+-Mg, K+Mag, K+/Mg K-17 Shale control/filtration/thinner . This system is a K/Mg saturated WBM to drill RESINEX† HT stabilizer and fluid-loss control Carnalite complex salt formations. K-52 Potassium source/inhibition XP-20N/XP-20K Thinner and fluid-loss control

Used primarily in the Applications Gulf of Mexico, the K-MAG† The system’s popularity has increased as the use of synthetic-base fluids system is an inhibitive in offshore drilling has become water-base system that more challenging due to more provides shale inhibition stringent environmental regulations, and wellbore stability while biodegradation restrictions and other environmental issues. In addition, it minimizes bit balling. low fracture gradients and narrow How it works ECD windows often encountered in The K-MAG system is designed to deepwater operations greatly increase perform most efficiently in freshwater the risk of lost circulation, which can to seawater-salinity environments, but drastically increase the cost of the the salinity can be increased to improve operation. More economical water-base shale stability and gas-hydrate inhibition fluids, such as the K-MAG system, with when necessary. The use of a powerful good shale inhibition and effective ROP dispersant, such as lignosulfonate, is enhancement are now competing with usually kept as low as possible in order synthetics in deepwater applications. to minimize excessive dispersion of drill solids and wellbore washout.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 19 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: KLA-SHIELD

Benefits DDrilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid DDrilling ■■ Lower dilution rates and total costs ■■ Achieve higher ROP and lubricity ■■ Effectively drill high-angle wells in reactive shale formations,

The right choice for the environment Products that make up the KLA-SHIELD system are formulated to address environmental concerns worldwide, both on land and offshore. Onshore, the Inhibitor Function KLA-SHIELD system can be engineered to provide shale inhibition without the † KLA-CURE Shale inhibitor use of salts, and it contains no aromatic KLA-GARD† Shale inhibitor or cyclic hydrocarbon compounds, making cuttings ideally suited for

KLA-SHIELD KLA-GARD B Shale inhibitor landfarming. For offshore operations, KLA-GARD D Shale inhibitor the system displays relatively low KLA-STOP† Shale inhibitor marine toxicity, provides relatively fast biodegradation rates, and minimizes The KLA-SHIELD† system’s KLA-SHIELD and Rop enhancement cuttings piles and benthic impacts. broad range of polyamines For faster, smoother drilling, ROP Features enhancers and accretion inhibitors, ■■ Polyamine base for enhanced makes it a preferred system such as DRILZONE† or DRILZONE L environmental performance over where environmental products, can be added to the system potassium chloride-based systems guidelines dictate a water- in addition to other products for ■■ base fluid and hole conditions improving rheology, fluid-loss control, Flexible enough to meet geological formation bridging and density. and performance requirements demand flexibility. ■■ Better waste management Applications How it works ■■ Superior stabilization This gives you a water-base system in fractured shales The polyamines in the KLA-SHIELD that is fine-tuned to meet a variety of ■■ system enhance the thermal stability drilling challenges—large diameter Economical and technical solutions † of both the FLO-VIS xanthan wellbores, extended-reach drilling, to WBM issues † gum/DUO-VIS biopolymer and and highly reactive shales. ■■ Easy to build and maintain systems for modified starches/PAC which optimized inhibition and reduced costs are used in the systems. The system is also ideal for drilling ■■ high-angle wells in reactive shale Ideal for drilling high-angle wells These same polyamines also formations where wellbore stability, in reactive shale formations enhance the low-shear rheological torque and drag, and borehole and ■■ More tolerant to contamination behavior of FLO-VIS polymers at logging quality are major concerns. with drill solids temperatures above 248°F (120°C). ■■ Reduced clay dispersion and hydration

20 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: POLY-PLUS

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Provides excellent cuttings encapsulation and limits cuttings dispersion ■■ Provides improved shale stabilization ■■ Less dilution due to enhanced removal of drill solids ■■ Helps in preventing balling on the bit, stabilizers and BHA by coating and lubricating solids ■■ Improves the lubricity of most drilling fluids systems, particularly nondispersed drilling fluids, when used in Product Function combination with M-I BAR Increase density a lubricant ■■ M-I GEL Viscosity and fluid-loss control Can be used to viscosify clear-water and low-solids POLY-PLUS Inhibition and gel extender POLY-PLUS drilling fluids Caustic soda and KOH pH and pF ■■ Reduced torque and drag POLYPAC Fluid-loss control ■■ Promotes good cement jobs SP-101 Fluid-loss control ■■ Reduced costs POLY-SAL Fluid-loss control Soda ash Control hardness DUO-VIS Control low-shear-rate viscosities TACKLE Reduce gel strengths Clear-water fluids: KCl and NaCl Ionic inhibition POLY-PLUS polymer can be used in clear-water, solids-free drilling fluids. A high-molecular-weight Since the polymer has a high molecular The POLY-PLUS system increases polymer, anionic liquid weight and is relatively long, it viscosity and enhances solids removal combines with several sites along designed to provide by flocculating the undesired solids. the wellbore. This has the effect of It also provides very good cuttings cuttings encapsulation coating the wellbore and restricting encapsulation and improved wellbore and shale stabilization. water from entering the clay. stability. This system is frequently Applications used in slim-hole, continuous-coring How it works applications. Adding 0.5–1.75 lb/ The shale-inhibition feature of POLY- POLY-PLUS polymer drilling bbl (1.4–5 kg/m3) enhances solids PLUS occurs when the polymer attaches fluid systems: removal by flocculating solids. to clays on the wellbore and blocks The POLY-PLUS system provides the hydration and dispersion that excellent cuttings encapsulation Features normally occurs. The anionic carboxyl and improved wellbore stability. It ■■ Good shale encapsulation groups attach to the positive charges is effective in fresh water fluids but ■■ Low cuttings dispersion on the edges of the clay particles. also in salt drilling fluids, such as KCl- ■■ Low solids content or NaCl-enhanced fluids, although slightly higher concentrations of ■■ Low coefficient of friction POLY-PLUS polymer may be required. ■■ Low toxicity

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 21 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: ULTRADRIL

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Optimizes inhibition ■■ Environmentally acceptable ■■ Deepwater alternative ■■ Reduced costs ■■ Increases drilling rates

Applications Deepwater and other offshore and onshore projects in environmentally sensitive areas characterized by highly reactive shales. Features

Product Function ■■ High chemical stabilization Base fluid Continuous phase ■■ Low dilution, low toxicity ULTRAHIB Primary shale inhibition ■■ Near-OBM/SBM performance

ULTRADRIL ULTRACAP (or ULTRACAP PLUS) Clay-dispersion inhibition ■■ Easy to build and maintain

Clay-accretion inhibition, lubricity, ■■ ULTRAFREE Anti-accretion agent and ROP enhancement ■■ Micro-pore plugging agent ULTRADRIL has a proven content results in drier, firmer drilled industry track record cuttings. ULTRADRIL systems have successfully drilled long sections of as the standard in high highly reactive gumbo shales and performance, ultra-inhibitive graded out very high in terms of water-based drilling fluids stability, inhibition, screenability and maintenance. In sections typically % How it works drilled with CaCl2 or 20 NaCl/PHPA ULTRADRIL employs a triple inhibition water-base fluids, the high performance approach to suppress the hydration of ULTRADRIL system eliminated shaker- reactive shales. The inhibitive capability screen binding, rapid encapsulator of the ULTRADRIL system closely depletion and high-dilution rates that matches that of non-aqueous drilling had severely impacted wells drilled fluids. The system’s low moisture with its more traditional counterparts.

22 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Inhibition action #1: Inhibition action #2: Inhibition action #3: Superior clay inhibition Cuttings encapsulation Protected metal surfaces Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling

Conventional Conventional Conventional ULTRADRIL

ULTRADRIL ULTRADRIL ULTRADRIL

Conventional water-base systems do With conventional systems, drilling is slower, Conventional fluids allow gumbo buildup and not have the highly inhibitive quality of the cuttings are smaller, and there is not the bit balling to occur, slowing down the entire the ULTRADRIL system, so shales are same, high level of inhibition as we have with drilling process. prone to sloughing and swelling that the ULTRADRIL system. Many of the cuttings can cause stuck pipe, and washouts. break apart and disperse, creating fines that The third feature of the system’s triple- not only require dilution of the system but that inhibition approach is its ability to coat the bit, The first feature of the ULTRADRIL settle in the hole and can packoff the bit. Other BHA and drill pipe with an accretion-inhibitive system’s triple-inhibition approach is its particulates swell and agglomerate into large coating. The cutting structure stays clean ability to inhibit the most reactive shales masses that adhere to the bit, drill pipe and and effective, resulting in less bit balling and and provide superb wellbore stability, Bottomhole Assembly (BHA). higher ROP. even in the most reactive clays. The second feature of the ULTRADRIL system’s triple-inhibition approach is the way it encapsulates cuttings with a thin polymer coating that virtually eliminates shale dispersion. This, in turn, reduces the need for dilution and the disposal of large fluid volumes. Because it is a high-performance system, the well can be drilled at higher ROP, producing larger cuttings which reach the shaker firm and intact.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 23 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: ECOGREEN

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Wellbore stability ■■ Increased ROP ■■ Cuttings integrity ■■ Lubricity ■■ Permission to discharge

The true value of the ECOGREEN system lies in its versatility. It is easily ECOGREEN Systems: : Oil-base formulated to address a wide range of drilling requirements, including Extended-Reach Drilling (ERD) and horizontal drilling, and drill-in fluid Product Function applications. ECOGREEN produces ECOGREEN B Base fluid the penetration rates consistent with oil drilling fluids, while eliminating or Primary emulsifier, wetting ECOGREEN P dramatically reducing the instances agent; HPHT fluid-loss control of stuck pipe, out-of-gauge holes and Secondary emulsifier, wetting agent; unstable wellbores normally associated ECOGREEN S rheology and HPHT fluid-loss control with water-base systems. Its low ECOGREEN VIS Impart viscosity lubricity coefficients dramatically reduce torque and drag, making it Emulsifier for low-alkalinity ECOGREEN A particularly beneficial in deviated environments and high-angle wellbores.

† forms the continuous phase while a From an environmental standpoint, ECOGREEN , our ECOGREEN is a synthesized material, ester-base synthetic fluid brine solution serves as the dispersed phase. As such, it contains no and the fatty-acid ester comprising system, to balance high toxic hydrocarbons and possesses its base fluid contains no “priority performance downhole with an aromatic content of zero. pollutants” and is biodegradable. ECOGREEN has passed some of the most environmental stewardship. ECOGREEN has been formulated rigorous toxicity, biodegradation and with Synthetic/Water (S/W) ratios How it works vapor tests in the industry and has been as low as 60/40 and as high as approved for discharge in some of the The ECOGREEN “fingerprint” simplifies 95/5 with densities ranging from world’s most restricted environments. crude detection unweighted to as high as 17 lb/gal. The unique chemistry of ECOGREEN ECOGREEN is also completely generates a very identifiable Applications reusable after only minimal treatment, fingerprint - so identifiable, in fact, Versatility is an ECOGREEN trademark significantly reducing your drilling fluids consumption costs. that crude oil concentrations as low When you prefer an ester-base as 0.5% are easily detectable. system in order to meet local Features discharge requirements without The ester that is the base for the ■■ Biodegradable ECOGREEN system is synthesized sacrificing the economic benefits ■■ Synthetic, invert-like system from natural fatty acids and alcohol. of a high-performance fluid, look ■■ Non-aqueous-fluid system The system is synthetically formulated no further than ECOGREEN. as an emulsion in which the ester ■■ Ester chemistry

24 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: ENVIROVERT

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Eliminates typical chloride disposal problem ■■ Promotes faster biodegradation ■■ Reduces unexpected events ■■ Also works as a spotting, packer and casing-pack fluid ■■ Reduces drilling, completion and disposal costs ENVIROVERT Systems: : Oil-base

ENVIROVERT reduces your environmental costs and concerns For a landfarming operation to succeed Product Function in its biodegradation activity, one or VG-69 Viscosifier more supplemental applications of a fertilizer high in nitrogen is necessary. Diesel Base fluid The ENVIROVERT system gives you Calcium Nitrate Water phase activity a head start by providing the nitrogen ENVIROFLOC Primary flocculation required for hydrocarbon-degrading Lime Drilling fluids alkalinity microorganisms to perform ENVIROTREAT Oil-wetting agent effectively in landfarming operations. Develops gel strength/ The ENVIROVERT calcium nitrate salt ENVIROTONE not only eliminates the trouble and increases rheology costs associated with chlorides, it also ENVIROMUL I Primary emulsifier facilitates faster biodegradation. ENVIROMUL II Secondary emulsifier In addition, ENVIROVERT meets M-I WATE Weighting agent NMX-L-162-1996-SCFI specifications.

With the ENVIROVERT† Applications Features ■■ system, operators now The ENVIROVERT system has been Invert drilling-fluid system for shown to significantly reduce torque and water-sensitive formations have all the performance drag, making it an ideal option for drilling ■■ Uses calcium nitrate in place advantages of a conventional high-angle or horizontal wellbores. of calcium chloride invert-emulsion drilling fluid, Its high-temperature stability gives ■■ Excellent torque and drag reduction you a dependable system for with the added benefit of ■■ Prevents lost circulation drilling deep, hot holes. in low‑pressure zones reduced disposal costs. What’s more, this highly versatile system How it works has demonstrated its effectiveness The system contains no chlorides, but as a perforating, completion, rather a proprietary calcium nitrate spotting and casing-pack fluid. salt that not only inhibits reactive shales, but also provides nitrogen that accelerates biodegradation.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 25 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: MEGADRIL

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Simplified logistics ■■ Reduced disposal costs ■■ Decreased ECD for better hole cleaning ■■ Optimized drilling efficiency ■■ Lower pump pressures ■■ Increased hole cleaning

The MEGADRIL solution: MEGADRIL Systems: : Oil-base With its tight rheological profile, this new invert-emulsion system maintained a close relationship between the 6 RPM readings and the 10 sec through Product Function 30 min gel strengths. Diesel Base fluid Challenge B: Base-oil costs VERSAGEL HT Viscosifier Base-oil costs were driving up the LIME Drilling fluids alkalinity total AFE costs of wells drilled in the ACTIMUL RD Emulsifier and wetting agent Bakken shale area of North Dakota. MEGAMUL Emulsifier and wetting agent The MEGADRIL solution: VERSATROL or MEGATROL Fluid-loss control agent Because the MEGADRIL system lowered CaCl brine Water phase activity 2 the overall diesel content by 10%, the M-I WATE Weighting agent operator not only saved an average of $20,000 per well but also benefitted from This new drilling-fluid system Applications a generally lower overall rheological profile for the drilling-fluid system. delivers the durable and The MEGADRIL system in action temperature-stable invert- The system’s relationship among the Features emulsion fluid operators yield point, 6 RPM dial reading and the ■■ Single-drum emulsifier / wetting agent gel structure allows for superior cuttings ■■ Reduced rheological properties want, without the associated transport, dramatically improving result in lower pump pressure elevated gel strengths. hole cleaning. The system’s constant and ECD values rheological relationship ensures efficient How it works cuttings transport and fewer packoffs. ■■ Excellent drill-solids, temperature Through its unique combination of and contamination tolerance † These properties are based on actual chemistries, the MEGADRIL system ■■ Lower HPHT fluid-loss produces an improved relationship field data where the fluid design is ■■ Capable of withstanding higher among the 6 RPM reading, gel strength optimized for an 8.5 in. horizontal well and where the OWR remains water content, especially in the lower and yield point. The result is a system drilling fluids densities that controls filtration without increasing constant at 87:13 with 5.3% low- overall viscosity and that has a higher gravity solids in the system. tolerance for drill solids which can Challenge A: High gels cause progressive gel strengths. This In the mid-continent, operators allows for reduced pump pressures and required elevated yield points increased hole-cleaning capabilities and 3 and 6 RPM dial readings for while retaining manageable ECD values. sufficient hole cleaning, when drilling horizontally but wish to maintain a close relationship with the gels.

26 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: RHADIANT

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Maintains thermal stability greater than 500°F (260°C) BHST ■■ Resists acid gas contamination ■■ Effectively controls equivalent circulating densities (ECDs) ■■ Improves tripping ■■ Reduces drilling fluids loss and stuck pipe incidents

■■

Reduces torque and drag RHADINT Systems: : Oil-base ■■ Provides ideal logging, casing and cementing operations ■■ Eliminates fluid-related Product Function nonproductive time (NPT) ■■ Minimizes HSE risks Base fluid Continuous phase ■■ Accelerates production VG-Plus and VG-SUPREME Viscosifier ■■ Maximizes asset value Lime Drilling fluids alkalinity ■■ Minimized potential for high MUL XT Primary emulsifier temperature gelation ONETROL HT Primary fluid-loss control agent ECOTROL HT Secondary fluid-loss control agent Applications CaCl2 brine Water phase activity Any ultra-high temperature well M-I WATE Weighting agent (BHST 400F and higher) where stable drilling fluid properties are critical The components of the How it works in static conditions with no gelation RHADIANT† fluid system are The RHADIANT fluid system performs or thermal degradation issues. in ultra high-temperature (uHT) Features specially engineered to work environments (>500°F) with various synergistically to maintain synthetic and mineral oil-base ■■ Maintains thermal stability greater stability throughout the fluid chemistries by using specialty than 500°F (260°C) BHST drilling phase and evaluation chemicals which remains stable and ■■ Resists acid gas contamination of an ultra-high temperature do not decompose at the uHT BHST. ■■ Effectively controls equivalent The components of the RHADIANT circulating densities (ECDs) well. The RHADIANT fluid fluid system are specially engineered ■■ Improves tripping system performs equally to work synergistically to maintain ■■ Provides ideal logging, casing and well with various synthetic stability throughout the drilling and evaluation phases. Unlike conventional cementing operations and mineral oil-base fluid non-aqueous drilling fluids, the ■■ Eliminates fluid-related nonproductive chemistries, providing the RHADIANT fluid system maintains time (NPT) flexibility to formulate a extreme-temperature stability even ■■ Minimizes HSE risks during prolonged static conditions. system tailored to meet ■■ Accelerates production Stable rheologies in tandem with ■■ Maximizes asset value specific downhole and ultra-thin and slick filter cake deposits environmental demands. clear the path for efficient logging, ■■ Minimized potential for high casing and cementing operations. temperature gelation

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 27 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: RHELIANT

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Reduced fluid and well- construction costs ■■ Improved ECD management ■■ Minimized formation fractures ■■ Reduced environmental costs, greater safety ■■ Optimized drilling efficiency ■■ Significantly reduced whole- drilling fluids losses RHELIANY Systems: : Oil-base

Applications Field results that deliver on the promise Product Function of the laboratory In the field, the RHELIANT system has VG-PLUS and VG-SUPREME Viscosifier shown performance characteristics far LIME Drilling fluids alkalinity superior to those of any conventional SUREMUL Primary emulsifier synthetic-base and other invert drilling SUREWET Wetting agent and secondary emusifier fluids in deepwater applications. RHEFLAT Rheology modifier ■■ ROP as much as 20 ft/hr (6.1 m/hr) RHETHIK Viscosifier faster than typical RHEDUCE Thinner synthetic-base systems RHEBUILD Temporary viscosifying agent ■■ On-bottom drilling time reduced by ECOTROL RD Filtration control as much as 24 hrs per interval ■■ Reduced drilling fluids losses, less CaCl2 brine Water phase activity dilution and improved displacement M-I WATE Weighting agent characteristics ■■ Balanced yield point delivers higher How it works The RHELIANT system’s penetration rates, vastly improved lower clay content, fit- With its flat rheology, this unique system cuttings-transport and considerable maintains consistent fluid properties savings in hole‑conditioning time for-purpose viscosifiers, that are independent of temperature specially designed and pressure. ECDs with RHELIANT Features emulsifiers, rheology are consistently lower than with ■■ Flat rheological profile over a wide modifiers and adaptability conventional invert systems while temperature range encountering fewer drilling problems and ■■ Reduced sag potential to different base fluids minimizing loss of whole drilling fluids. yield a high-performance ■■ Less dilution/maintenance system that is cost-effective ■■ Improved hole cleaning, cuttings yet easy to maintain. suspension ■■ Reduced pressure spikes

28 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: VERSACLEAN/VERSADRIL

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Maximizes production ■■ Reduces torque and drag ■■ In-gauge wellbores ■■ Optimized ROP ■■ Stable wellbores

Applications Both systems deliver very good thermal stability for drilling deep, hot VERSACLEAN/VERSADRIL Systems: : Oil-base holes. VERSACLEAN and VERSADRIL systems minimize damage to producing formations through the prevention of water intrusion, thereby eliminating Product Function clay swelling which can cause reduced VG-69 and VG-PLUS Viscosifier permeability of the pay zone. They also provide increased rates of penetration VERSAGEL HT and VG-HT High temperature viscosifier and ability to drill thick, water-sensitive VERSAMUL Primary emulsifier shale sections with relative ease, thus VERSACOAT Coating agent providing for gauge hole drilling. VERSAWET Wetting agent and secondary emulsifier In many cases, oil drilling fluids are VERSAMOD Rheology modifier not considered, although the drilling SWA Supplemental wetting agent conditions warrant their use, because HRP Temporary viscosifying agent of their initial makeup costs. However, if VERSALIG HPHT fluid-loss control agent the overall drilling costs are considered, Lime Drilling fluids alkalinity the costs accompanying the use of an oil drilling fluids are usually comparable Calcium chloride Water phase activity with, or less than, those of a water-base M-I WATE Weighting agent fluid, particularly when most drilling problems are eliminated, resulting in The VERSACLEAN† and How it works substantial time savings. In addition, VERSADRIL† systems are oil- Their formulation provides inherent both VERSACLEAN and VERSADRIL base fluids formulated with protection against acid gases, such oil drilling fluids can be salvaged and as CO and H S, as well as corrosion VERSACOAT-VERSAWET 2 2 reused following the drilling operation. due to the presence of Lime (used as or VERSAMUL-VERSACOAT an alkalinity control reagent) in the Features emulsification packages continuous oil phase. VERSACLEAN and ■■ Low coefficient of friction and engineered to meet any VERSADRIL systems can drill water- ■■ High-temperature stability soluble formations (anhydrite, gypsum, drilling-fluid requirement. ■■ Chemically stable salts and complex salts) with minimum The only difference between ■■ Excellent filtration control the two systems is that the or no hole-washout problems. They provide improved lubricity for drilling VERSACLEAN system uses deviated holes and for significantly a highly refined mineral reducing occurrences of stuck pipe. oil while the VERSADRIL system is formulated with No. 2 diesel oil as the continuous external phase.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 29 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: PARALAND

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Optimized drilling performance ■■ Low dilution rates ■■ Minimum environmental exposure ■■ Lower well costs ■■ Beneficial reuse of cuttings ■■ Zero-waste option

worms in a local vermiculture farm, converting the cuttings into vermicast fertilizer. In Colorado, PARALAND cuttings were co-composted with straw, bark and sand to provide a Product Function topsoil for reseeding the drillsite. Linear Paraffin Fluid Base fluid Features VERSAGEL-HT Viscosifier ■■ High-performance, Lime Drilling fluids alkalinity invert‑emulsion system PARAlLAND ECOTROL RD Filtration control ■■ Readily engineered and maintained NOVAMUL Emulsifier ■■ Biodegradable organic components VERSAWET Oil-wetting agent ■■ All components low terrestrial toxicity Internal Phase (Chlorides-free salt) Low water activity for shale stability ■■ Variety of compatible FER-OX Weighting agent treatment options The non-aqueous system Applications designed to deliver In the field, PARALAND has consistently exceeded performance expectations outstanding performance with high rates of penetration, low coupled with unsurpassed dilution rates and high levels of environmental excellence contamination tolerance. Drilling fluids weights from 7.5 to 16 lb/gal How it works (0.9 to 1.92 kg/L) have been easily The PARALAND system design achieved with ideal rheological and incorporates ready biodegradability filtration properties. The system is and low terrestrial toxicity into all of easily and economically maintained its organic components. In addition, with actual total fluid-cost reductions the inorganic components are of as much as 30% below estimate. designed to minimize conductivity The PARALAND system has been used and enhance plant growth. All of this in various zero-waste operations. In is accomplished while maintaining New Zealand, PARALAND cuttings the high-performance characteristics were used as a food source for of an invert-emulsion fluid.

30 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: PARATHERM/VERSATHERM

Benefits Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Optimized ROP ■■ In gauge well bores ■■ Reduction in Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) ■■ Reduced pump pressure ■■ Reduced sag potential. ■■ Reduced torque and drag

narrow-hydraulic window well. The well was successful due in large part to the lower rheological properties and associated reduction in ECD obtainable with the PARATHERM Product/Additive Function system. This application confirmed the BARITE Weight material ability of the PARATHERM system to provide a fluid with reduced high-shear- EDC 99-DW Base fluid rate viscosity compared to conventional SIPDRIL 2/0 Base fluid systems, providing a direct benefit in PARATHERM/VERSATHERM PARAMUL Primary emulsifier reduced total system pressure loss. PARAWET Secondary emulsifier The PARATHERM system has also BENTONE 128 / BENTONE 38 been used successfully to drill Viscosifier Extended-Reach Drilling (ERD) wells. / VG SUPREME The VERSATHERM system has been CaCl2-brine Salinity successfully used in HPHT applications. LIME Alkalinity The maximum bottomhole static VERSATROL M, VERSATROL HT Fluid-loss control temperature the system has been ECOTROL HT, ECOTROL RD Fluid-loss control used to drill is slightly above 356°F (180°C). The system has exhibited ONETROL HT Fluid-loss control very stable properties and low, Barite Density non-progressive gel strengths. Features The PARATHERM† and ■■ Stability at high temperatures ■■ Low coefficient of friction VERSATHERM† systems are ■■ Reduced high shear rate viscosity ■■ High temperature stability invert-emulsion systems with ■■ Stable low shear rate viscosity ■■ Chemically stable one significant difference Reduction in Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) ■■ Excellent filtration control in their formulations. ■■ Reduced sag potential ■■ Reduced high shear rate viscosity PARATHERM uses a linear- ■■ Stable low shear rate viscosity paraffin base oil, while Applications VERSATHERM employs a The PARATHERM system is suitable low-toxicity mineral oil. for applications with narrow hydraulic windows, regardless of the expected How it works Bottomhole Static Temperature The PARATHERM and VERSATHERM (BHST). The first field application of systems was designed to deliver a non the PARATHERM system was in a low- aqueous fluid with the following qualities: temperature (160°F [71°C]),

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 31 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Non-Aqueous Systems: WARP Advanced Fluids Technology

Benefits Non-Aqueous Systems: Non-Aqueous & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling ■■ Reduces risk of static and dynamic sag ■■ Lower ECD values ■■ Lower swab and surge pressures ■■ Lower pump pressures ■■ Improves cement-job quality ■■ Faster pipe-running and tripping speeds ■■ Improves MWD/LWD data quality ■■ Lowers rotary torque and friction factors The boundaries of extended-reach WARP Fluids Technology ■■ Increases solids-removal and horizontal drilling in “green” allows for low rheology efficiency and lower dilution/ and “brown” field development are maintenance fluids without barite sag. extending outward. API-grade barite has served the industry well for the last 80 ■■ Reduces risk of completion- WARP How it works years or more as the natural product of screen plugging The concept behind WARP Fluids choice to increase the density of fluids. ■■ Lower downhole fluid-losses Technology lies in grinding the weighting Advanced Fluids Technology Advanced In practice, drilling-fluid viscosity was can be used material to extremely fine particle controlled to ensure that the sizes — from 0.1 to 10 microns. By barite remained suspended, preventing treating these extremely fine particles, it from settling out in the wellbore. Features there is no rheology increase. That was fine in the past, but now well ■■ WARP† Fluids Technology particles Applications trajectories are becoming increasingly are 10 times smaller than drilling-grade complex, forcing an inevitable These and other advantages make barite compromise between the rheological WARP Fluids Technology the ultimate ■■ Low-viscosity fluids with low plastic requirements for barite suspension choice for reducing drilling risk and viscosities and yield point and low- and hydraulics forwell control. well costs for a wide array of critical shear-rate viscosity, a drilling fluids drilling applications, including: reduced risk of barite sag ■■ Horizontal and extended-reach wells ■■ Lower friction factors: up to 10% in cased hole and 25% in openhole ■■ Coiled-tubing and through-tubing rotary drilling ■■ WARP micron-sized weighting agents pass more efficiently through shaker ■■ Managed-pressure drilling screens and openhole-completion ■■ Reservoir drill-in fluids screens ■■ Wells with narrow operating windows ■■ Non-damaging to producing ■■ HPHT wells formations and completion hardware ■■ Casing drilling ■■ Lower dynamic and static fluid-loss ■■ Inhibitive fluids with thinner filter cakes and lower breakthrough pressures ■■ Wells with risk of barite sag ■■ Drilling waste management ■■ Critical cementing operations

32 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Comparison of barite and WARP particles Non-Aqueous Systems: Non-Aqueous & Products: Systems Fluid Drilling

API barite API barite 1 micron colloidal 75 μm top size d50 ~25 μm WARP particle

The specially treated micron-size weighting materials unique to WARP Fluids Technology are 10 times smaller than drilling-grade barite. Their ultra-small size, combined with their proprietary treatment, ensures that fluids formulated with WARP Fluids Technology have exceptionally stable properties.

Typical particle-size distribution Warp Advanced Fluids Technology Fluids Advanced Warp

WARP API barite

0.6µ 1.6µ 3.8µ

The average size of particles in WARP Fluids Technology are less than 2 microns and nearly all the particles are less than 5 microns — about the same size as human red blood cells. For the first time since weighting agents were first used in drilling fluids more than 80 years ago, WARP Fluids Technology overcomes many of the deficiencies of barite. It is the weighting agent for solving 21st-century drilling problems.

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 33 Drilling Fluid Products: Product Summaries

Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function M-I CIDE† Biocide—Not available in the U.S.A. Water Biocide — Biocides SAFE-CIDE† Biocide—Not available in the U.S.A. Water Biocide —

Drilling Fluid Products: Products: Drilling Fluid Breakers BREAKLOOSE Lithium Hypochlorite Water Breaker — CITRIC ACID pH reducer Water Calcium remover pH reducer Alkalinity SODA ASH Sodium carbonate Water Calcium remover pH control Control SODIUM Bicarbonates of Soda Water Calcium remover pH reducer BICARBONATE CONQOR† 101 Filming amine Water Corrosion inhibitor — CONQOR† 202 B Persistent filming amine Water Corrosion inhibitor —

Product Summaries Product CONQOR† 303 A Amine corrosion inhibitor for clear brines Water Corrosion inhibitor — Corrosion CONQOR† 404 General-use, phosphorus-base inhibitor Water Corrosion inhibitor — inhibitors OS-1L† Sulfite-base oxygen scavenger Water Corrosion inhibitor Thermal stability

† SULFATREAT DFS H2S scavenger Water Corrosion inhibitor —

† SULFATREAT XLP Extended-life H2S scavenger Water Corrosion inhibitor — BUBBLE BUSTER† Low-toxicity defoamer Water Defoamer — Defoamers DEFOAM-A† Alcohol-base defoamer Water Defoamer — DEFOAM-X† All-purpose liquid defoamer Water Defoamer — Oil/ ACTIMUL RD 100% active, dry emulsifier Emulsifier Wetting agent Synthetic ECOGREEN† P Primary emulsifier for the ECOGREEN system Synthetic Emulsifier Surfactant ECOGREEN† S Secondary emulsifier for the ECOGREEN system Synthetic Emulsifier Surfactant Oil EMUL HT† HPHT emulsifier Emulsifier — Synthetic MEGAMUL† Multi-purpose emulsifier Oil Emulsifier Wetting agent Surfactant Filtration NOVAMUL† Basic emulsifier package Synthetic Emulsifier Thermal stability Viscosifier Emulsifiers/ NOVAPRO P/S Sufactant Synthetic Emulsfier Wetting agent Wetting † Agents NOVATEC P Primary emulsifier for the NOVATEC system Synthetic Emulsifier Filtration NOVATEC† S Secondary emulsifier for the NOVATEC system Synthetic Emulsifier Filtration Filtration OILFAZE† Sacked oil-base concentrate Oil Emulsifier Viscosifier ONE-MUL† Emulsifier package Oil Emulsifier Wetting agent PARAMUL Environmentally acceptable emulsifier Synthetic Emulsifier Filtration Oil PARAWET† Primary wetting agent for RHELIANT Wetting agent Emulsifier Synthetic Oil SUREMUL† Primary emulsifier for invert-emulsion systems Emulsifier Surfactant Synthetic Oil SUREWET Primary wetting agent for RHELIANT Wetting agent Emulsifier Synthetic

34 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function VERSACOAT† HF High flash-point emulsifier for oil-base fluids Oil Emulsifier Temp stability Surfactant VERSACOAT Na Primary emulsifier for oil-base fluids Oil Emulsifier

Thermal stability Products: Drilling Fluid Surfactant Emulsifiers/ Filtration Wetting VERSAMUL† Basic emulsifier package Oil Emulsifier Agents Thermal stability Viscosifier

VERSATRIM Cutting retention reducer Oil Wetting agent LSRV modifier

VERSAWET Organic surfactant Oil Wetting agent — Summaries Product CAUSTILIG Causticized lignite Water Filtration Rheology control DUAL-FLO Specially modified starch additive Water Filtration LSRV modifier DUAL-FLO HT Specially modified starch additive Water HT Filtration LSRV modifier

DURALON† High-temperature filtration-control polymer Water Filtration Thermal stability

Polysaccharide derivative to control FLO-PLEX Water Filtration — filtration in DRILPLEX system FLO-TROL Special starch derivative Water Filtration — HIBTROL† Modified metal-cellulose polymer Water Filtration Shale inhibition Fluid-loss additive and secondary shale HIBTROL† Ulv Water Filtration Shale Control Filtration inhibitor with ultra-low viscosity reducers Modified metal-cellulose polymer Shale inhibition HIBTROL† Hv Water Filtration that also provides viscosity Viscosifier MEGATROL† Readily dispersible filtration control additive Oil Filtration — M-I 157 Specialized emulsifier for filtration Oil Filtration Control Emulsion stability M-I GEL† Bentonite, meets API specifications Water Filtration Viscosifier — Viscosifier M-I PAC† R PAC polymer, tech grade Filtration Shale inhibitor M-I PAC SR Regular semi-pure grade quality PAC Water Filtration Viscosity control M-I PAC SUL Regular semi-pure grade quality PAC Water Filtration — M-I PAC† UL PAC polymer, low-viscosity, tech grade Water Filtration Shale inhibitor MY-LO-JEL† Pregelatinized starch Water Filtration —

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 35 Drilling Fluid Products:

Product Summaries (Continued)

Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function NOVATEC F Maleated rosin polymer/glycol ether Synthetic Filtration — Oil ONETROL† HT Filtration control additive Filtration —

Drilling Fluid Products: Products: Drilling Fluid Synthetic POLY-SAL† Preserved modified starch Water Filtration Viscosifier POLY-SAL† HT High-quality preserved polysaccharide Water Filtration Viscosifier POLY-SAL† T Non-fermenting tapioca starch derivative Water Filtration Viscosifier POLYPAC† ELV Extra-low-viscosity PAC Water Filtration Shale inhibitor POLYPAC† R Polyanionic cellulose Water Filtration Viscosifier POLYPAC†

Product Summaries Product PAC, premium-grade, ultra-low viscosity Water Filtration Shale control SUPREME UL POLYPAC† UL Polyanionic cellulose Water Filtration Shale control Thermal stability RESINEX† Resinated lignite complex Water Filtration Thinner Thermal stability RESINEX† II Resinated lignite, tech grade Water Filtration Thinner Thermal stability Filtration RESINEX EH Resinated lignite additive Water Filtration Thinner reducers Shale control SP-101† Sodium polyacrylate Water Filtration Thermal stability Filtration Emulsifier TANNATHIN† Ground lignite Water Thinner Thermal stability THERMPAC UL Pure grade polyanionic polymer Water Filtration — UNIPAC SUPREME R Modified polyanionic cellulose Water Filtration Viscosity UNIPAC Modified polyanionic cellulose Water Filtration — SUPREME UL UNITROL† Modified polysaccharide Water Filtration — VERSALIG† Amine-treated lignite Oil Filtration Lost circulation Lost circulation VERSATROL† Asphaltic resin Oil Filtration Viscosifier Oil VERSATROL† HT High-temperature Gilsonite Filtration — Synthetic VERSATROL NS Blend of lignite & gilsonite for HPHT filtration Oil Filtration Thermal stability VERT-TROL Asphaltic fluid-loss additive Oil Filtration — FLOXIT Powerful organic floculant Water Flocculant Shale control Flocculants Flocculant GELEX† Bentonite extender Water — viscosifier PLATINUM FOAM Biodegradable foaming agent Water Foaming agent — Foaming PLATINUM agents Foaming agent for air drilling applications Water Foaming agent — FOAM PLUS Water Lost circulation C-SEAL† Coke FLCA Oil Lost circulation — materials Synthetic

36 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function Water C-SEAL† F Coke FLCA (fine grind) Oil Lost circulation —

Synthetic Products: Drilling Fluid Water FORM-A-PLUG† ACC Accelerator for the FORM-A-SET II system Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic Water FORM-A-PLUG† II Acid-soluble plug Oil Lost circulation Filtration Synthetic Product Summaries Product Water FORM-A-PLUG† RET Retarder for the FORM-A-SET II system Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic FORM-A-SET† Cross-linked polymer plug Water Lost circulation — Water FORM-A-SET† ACC Accelerator for the FORM-A-SET pill Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic Water FORM-A-SET†AK Polymeric lost-circulation material Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic Lost Water circulation † materials FORM-A-SET AKX Variant of FORM-A-SET AK for water shut off Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic Water FORM-A-SET† RET Retarder for the FORM-A-SET pill Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic Water FORM-A-SET† XL Cross-linker for the FORM-A-SET pill Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic Water G-SEAL† Sized graphite bridging agent Oil Lost circulation Lubricant Synthetic Water G-SEAL PUS Coarse-size graphite bridging agent Oil Lost circulation Lubricant COARSE Synthetic Water G-SEAL PLUS Sized graphite bridging agent Oil Lost circulation Lubricant Synthetic Water G-SEAL HRG FINE Fine-size high-resiliency graphite Oil Lost circulation Lubricant Synthetic

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 37 Drilling Fluid Products:

Product Summaries (Continued)

Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function Water G-SEAL HRG Coarse-size high-resiliency graphite Oil Lost circulation Lubricant

Drilling Fluid Products: Products: Drilling Fluid Synthetic M-I CEDAR FIBER† Shredded cedar fiber Water Lost circulation — Water M-I SEAL† LCM for fractured or vugular formations Oil Lost circulation Filtration Synthetic Water M-I-X† II Ground cellulose Oil Lost circulation Filtration

Product Summaries Product Lost circulation Synthetic materials Water NUT PLUG† Ground nut shells Oil Lost circulation — Synthetic Water SAFE-CARB† Ground marble (calcium carbonate) Oil Bridging agent Density Synthetic VERSAPAC Thermally activated organic thixotrope Oil Lost circulation Gelling agent Oil VINSEAL† Filtration control and electrical stability agent Lost circulation Filtration Synthetic

DRIL-FREE† High-performance lubricant, anti-sticking agent Water Lubricant Surfactant

IDLUBE† XL Extreme-pressure lubricant Water Lubricant — Lubricant for high potenial toque LOTORQ Water Lubricant — and drag in FLOPRO systems LUBE-945† Water-dispersible lubricant Water Lubricant Shale inhibition

LUBE-100† Water-dispersible lubricant Water Lubricant Shale inhibition

LUBE-167† Water-dispersible lubricant Water Lubricant Shale inhibition

LUBE-776† Water-dispersible lubricant Water Lubricant Shale inhibition Lubricant LUBE-1722† Water-dispersible lubricant Water Lubricant Shale inhibition

LUBE XLS Extreme-pressure lubricant Water Lubricant —

M-I LUBE† General-purpose lubricant Water Lubricant —

SIL-LUBE† Lubricant for the SILDRIL system Water Lubricant —

SILDRIL EPL SILDRIL torque/drag/differential sticking reducer Water Lubricant —

STARGLIDE† Lubricant and ROP enhancer Water Lubricant Surfactant

STEEL LUBE† EP Extreme-pressure lubricant Water Lubricant —

VERSALUBE† Oil-soluble lubricant Oil Lubricant —

Water † Pipe freeing PIPE-LAX Oil-base, stuck-pipe-freeing surfactant Free pipe — Oil compounds PIPE-LAX† ENV Low-toxicity, stuck-pipe spotting fluid Water Free pipe Lubricant

38 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function Water PIPE-LAX† W Liquid, one-drum, stuck-pipe spotting fluid Free pipe — EXPORT Oil Pipe freeing compounds Water Products: Drilling Fluid PIPE-LAX† W EH Liquid, one-drum, stuck-pipe spotting fluid Free pipe — Oil

Scale Blend containng water soluble SI-1000 Water Scale inhibitor — inhibitors organic phosphorus compounds Water ZINC OXIDE Very fine particle size Sulfide Scavenger Oil Sulfide scavenger —

Synthetic Summaries Product Scavengers Water ZINC CARBONATE Fine particle size zinc carbonate Oil Sulfide scavenger — Synthetic ASPHASOL† Sulfonated organic-resin blend Water Shale inhibitor Filtration ASPHASOL† D Sulfonated organic blend Water Shale inhibitor Filtration ASPHASOL† Sulfonated asphalt Water Shale inhibitor Filtration SUPREME Water dispersible asphaltic BORETEX Water Shale Inhibitor Filtration compound for shale stability Broad-cloud-point, general-purpose polyglycol Shale control GLYDRIL† GP Water Lubricity for low-salinity fluids and low temperatures Filtration Polyglycol for high-salinity fluids Shale control GLYDRIL† HC Water Lubricity and high temperatures Filtration Low-cloud-point polyglycol for low- Shale control GLYDRIL† LC Water Lubricity salinity fluids and low temperatures Filtration Medium-cloud-point polyglycol for moderate- Shale control GLYDRIL† MC Water Lubricity salinity fluids and high temperatures Filtration IDCAP† D Polymeric shale inhibitor Water Shale inhibition —

Shale KLA-CAP† Shale encapsulator Water Shale inhibition — inhibitors K-52† Potassium supplement Water Shale control — KLA-CURE† Hydration suppressant Water Shale control — KLA-CURE† II Hydration suppressant plus detergent Water Shale control — KLA-GARD† Shale stabilizer and inhibitor Water Shale control Filtration KLA-GARD† B Salt-free KLA-GARD Water Shale inhibitor KLAFLOC† I Low-cost shale inhibitor for floc water drilling Water Shale inhibitor — KLAFLOC† II Cationic flocculant for floc water drilling Water Shale inhibitor — KLA-STOP† Shale inhibitor Water Shale control — POLY-PLUS† Liquid PHPA Water Encapsulator Shale stabilization POLY-PLUS† DRY Dry PHPA polymer Water Encapsulator Shale stabilization POROSEAL Co-polymeric shale sealing additive Water Shale control Filtration POLY-PLUS† LV Low-viscosity PHPA Water Encapsulator Shale stabilization POLY-PLUS† RD Readily dispersible PHPA powder Water Encapsulator Shale stabilization SILDRIL† D Dry sodium silicate Water Shale inhibitor —

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 39 Drilling Fluid Products:

Product Summaries (Continued)

Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function SILDRIL† K Potassium silicate Water Shale inhibitor — SILDRIL† L Liquid sodium silicate Water Shale inhibitor —

† Drilling Fluid Products: Products: Drilling Fluid TARCLEAN Anticrete agent for heavy oil to thin asphaltenes Water Shale control — Shale ULTRACAP† Encapsulator for the ULTRADRIL system Water Shale inhibitor — inhibitors Encapsulator for the ULTRADRIL ULTRACAP P Water Shale inhibitor — system - powder ULTRACAP PLUS Encapsulator for the ULTRADRIL system Water Shale inhibitor — ULTRAHIB† Shale inhibitor for the ULTRADRIL system Water Shale inhibitor — Water

Product Summaries Product Detergent for general rig cleaning when CLEAN UP† Oil Surfactant Emulsifier using oil- and synthetic-base fluids Synthetic Emulsifier D-D† Drilling detergent Water Surfactant Shale control D-SPERSE Mixed surfactant solution Water Surfactant Dispersant

Concentrated, mild drilling Emulsifier DRIL-KLEEN† Water Surfactant detergent with low toxicity Shale control Emulsifier DRIL-KLEEN† II Anti-bit balling agent Water Surfactant Lubricant DRILZONE† ROP enhancer Water Surfactant — DRILZONE† L Low-cost anticrete Water Surfactant — ECOKLEEN† Anticrete for tar applications Water Surfactant —

Primary emulsifier and wetting Oil FAZE-MUL Emulsifier Wetting agent agent for FAZEPRO systems Synthetic DRILLING Rig wash Rig wash Rig wash — FLUIDSWASH† Surfactants Emulsifier NOVAWET† Wetting agent Synthetic Surfactant Thinner Thermal stability Synthetic SUREWET† Wetting agent for invert-emulsion systems Surfactant Emulsifier Oil Oil-base wetting agent for high- SWA† EH Oil Surfactant Emulsifier brine-content systems TARLIFT† Solvent for the SAGDRIL† system Water Surfactant — TARSURF† Water-wetter for the SAGDRIL system Water Surfactant — ULTRAFREE† ROP enhancer for the ULTRADRIL system Water Surfactant — ULTRAFREE† L Low-cost anticrete Water Surfactant Lubricant Non-hydrocarbon version of ULTRAFREE† NH Water Surfactant Lubricant ULTRAFREE ROP enhancer Emulsifier VERSACOAT† Emulsifier and wetting agent Oil Surfactant Thermal stability Emulsifier Wetting agent for VERSAWET† Oil Surfactant Thinner oil-base fluids Thermal stability

40 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function GLYDRIL† DG Water-miscible glycol-hydrate inhibitor Water Thermal stability Surfactant PTS-200† Polymeric temperature stabilizer Water Thermal stability —

Emulsifier Products: Drilling Fluid Temperature XP-20K† Potassium chrome lignite Water Thermal stability Filtration stabilizers Thinner Thinner XP-20† N Chrome lignite, sodium hydroxide, neutralized Water Thermal stability Filtration

Thermal stability CAUSTILIG† Caustilized lignite Water Thinner filtration

Emulsifier Summaries Product IDSPERSE† XT High-temperature polymeric dispersant Water Thinner — Filtration K-17† Potassium lignite Water Thinner Shale control Synthetic RHEDUCE† Thinner for RHELIANT system Thinner — Oil RHEOCHECK Modified lignin compound Water Thinner — RHEOSPERSE† Polymeric high-temperature deflocculant Water Thinner — Emulsifier SPERSENE† Chrome lignosulfonate Water Thinner Filtration Thermal stability SPERSENE† CF Chrome-free lignosulfonate Water Deflocculant Filtration Thinners SPERSENE† CFI Iron lignosulfonate Water Thinner — Thermal stability SPERSENE† I Ferrochrome lignosulfonate Water Thinner Filtration Synthetic SURETHIN† Thinner for invert-emulsion systems Thinner Surfactant Oil Liquid, low-molecular-weight TACKLE† Water Thinner Filtration polyacrylate (dry available) TACKLE† DRY Powdered low-molecular-weight polyacrylate Water Thinner — THINSMART† Thinner for water-base drilling fluids Water Thinner — VERSATHIN† Thinner and conditioner for oil-base fluids Oil Thinner — High Flashpoint thinner and VERSATHIN† HF Oil Thinner Conditioner conditioner for oil-base fluids XP-20 N Chrome Lignite Water Thinner Filtration Tracers OPTITRAK 600 Blue dye Water Tracer — DRILPLEX† Viscosifier for the DRILPLEX MMO system Water Viscosifier Shale inhibitor DUO-TEC† Xanthan gum Water Viscosifier — DUO-TEC† NS High molecular weight biopolymer Water Viscosifier — Viscosifiers Duo-VIS† Xanthan gum Water Viscosifier — DUO-VIS† L Liquified xanthan gum, non-clarified — Viscosifier — DUO-VIS† NS Xanthan gum Water Viscosifier — DUO-VIS† PLUS Xanthan gum Water Viscosifier —

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 41 Drilling Fluid Products:

Product Summaries (Continued)

Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function DUO-VIS† PLUS NS High molecular eight, nondispersable biopolymer Water Viscosifier — DUROGEL† Sepiolite clay Water Viscosifier —

Drilling Fluid Products: Products: Drilling Fluid ECOGREEN† M Low-end rheology modifier Synthetic Viscosifier — FLO-VIS PLUS High yield, premium-grade, clarified xanthan gum Water Viscosifier — GELPLEX† GUAR GUM Rapidly mixing,high viscosity polymer Water Viscosifier — HRP† Liquid viscosifier for oil fluids Oil Viscosifier — M-I GEL† SUPREME Non-treated bentonite, meets API specifications Water Viscosifier Filtration M-I GEL† WYOMING API-spec bentonite sourced only from Wyoming Water Viscosifier Filtration Product Summaries Product NOVAMOD† Rheology modifier, LSRV Synthetic Viscosifier — Low-end rheology modifier for NOVATEC† M Synthetic Viscosifier — the NOVATEC system Synthetic RHEBUILD† Viscosifier for RHELIANT system Viscosifier — Oil Synthetic RHEFLAT† Rheological modifier for RHELIANT system Viscosifier — Viscosifiers Oil Synthetic RHETHIK† Rheological modifier for RHELIANT system Viscosifier — Oil SALT GEL† Attapulgite clay Water Viscosifier — SUPRA-VIS† High-performance biopolymer viscosifier Water Viscosifier —

Viscosifier, gelling agent for Synthetic SUREMOD† Viscosifier — invert-emulsion systems Oil SURETHIK† Rheological modifier Synthetic Viscosifier — TARVIS† Liquid viscosifier for the SAGDRIL system Water Viscosifier — TRUVIS† Viscosifier for the TRUDRIL system Oil Viscosifier Filtration VERSAGEL† HT Hectorite Oil Viscosifier Filtration VERSAMOD† Rheology modifier, LSRV Oil Viscosifier — VG-69† Organophilic clay Oil Viscosifier Filtration Oil VG-PLUS† Organophilic clay Viscosifier Filtration Synthetic VG-SUPREME† Organophilic clay for the NOVA systems Synthetic Viscosifier Filtration Water FER-OX† Hematite Oil Density — Synthetic Water Weighting M-I BAR† Barite, meets API specifications Oil Density — agents Synthetic Water M-I WATE High quailty drilling grade barite Oil Density — Synthetic

42 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 Primary Secondary Name Description Type function function SALT Sodium Chloride Water Density Inhibition

Weighting Water Eco reduction Micronized weighting agents WARP Oil Density Products: Drilling Fluid agent SAG mitigation Synthetic Water OPTISEAL I LCM blend designed for wellbore strengthening Oil Fracture sealing Fluid-loss control Synthetic Water OPTISEAL II LCM blend designed for wellbore strengthening Oil Fracture sealing Fluid-loss control

Wellbore Summaries Product strengthening Synthetic mateial Oil OPTISEAL III LCM blend designed for wellbore strengthening Fracture sealing Fluid-loss control Synthetic Water OPTISEAL IV LCM blend designed for wellbore strengthening Oil Fracture sealing Fluid-loss control Synthetic ECOGREEN† B Ester base fluid Synthetic Thinner Lubricant ENVIROBLEND† Salt for ENVIROVERT system Oil Shale inhibitor — HYDRABLOK† Deepwater hydrate inhibitor Water Surfactant — NOVATEC† B LAO base fluid Synthetic Thinner Lubricant PARADRIL† B Base fluid for the PARADRIL system Synthetic Thinner — General Base fluid C11-17 linear paraffin PARALAND† B Synthetic Thinner — Products for the PARALAND system PARAMIX† A Salt for the PARALAND system Synthetic Shale inhibitor — PARAMIX† N Salt for the PARALAND system Synthetic Shale inhibitor — VERSACLEAN† B Base fluid for the VERSACLEAN system Oil Thinner Lubricant VERSAVERT† B Base fluid for VERSAVERT system Oil Thinner Lubricant VERSAVERT† BT Thin version of worker-friendly base oil Oil Thinner Lubricant

Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 43

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