DOCSLIB.ORG

Glossary Environmental & Socio-Economic Impact Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glossary Environmental & Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Shah Deniz 2 Project Glossary Environmental & Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Glossary Background Level The concentration of a substance or Aarhus Convention energy intensity level (such as noise or An international legal agreement which light) that is characteristic of the promotes access to information, public surrounding environment. participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters. Ballast Water taken aboard a vessel to maintain Abandonment stability and to distribute load. Final plugging of wells and/or permanent dismantling of a production platform or Barite other installation. A very heavy substance used as a main component of drilling mud to increase its Accidental Events density (mud weight). Chemical name is Incidents or non-routine events that have barium sulphate. the potential to trigger impacts that would otherwise not be anticipated. Barrels The traditional unit of measure of oil 3 Amphipod volume, equivalent to 159 liters (0.159 m ) A small crustacean of the order or approximately 35 imperial gallons (42 Amphipoda having a laterally compressed US gallons). body with no carapace. Base Case Design Annelid Project design as described and assessed Any of various worms or wormlike animals within the ESIA. of the phylum Annelida, characterised by an elongated, cylindrical and segmented Basel Convention body. An international legal agreement that primarily deals with transboundary Annulus hazardous waste movement and other The space between two concentric hazardous waste management. objects, such as between the wellbore and casing or between casing and tubing. Bathymetry The measurement of the depth of bodies Anode of water. A positively charged electrode (associated with a battery, electronic device or Benthos electrical equipment). The collection of organisms attached to or resting on the bottom (benthic) sediments Anticline and those which bore or burrow into the An arch-shaped fold in rock in which the sediments. rock layers are upwardly convex. Berm Anthropogenic An engineered (earth) bank forming a Relating to humans. raised barrier separating two areas. Associated Gas Best Practicable Environmental Option Natural gas found as part of or in (BPEO) conjunction with other constituents of Procedure which results in identification of crude oil. This may be dissolved in the the option that causes least damage to the crude oil or found as a cap of free gas environment at acceptable cost. above the oil. Biocide Azerbaijan Manat (AZN) A chemical agent that can be added to Currency of Azerbaijan. fluids for the purpose of selectively preventing or limiting the growth of bacteria and other organisms. Shah Deniz 2 Project Glossary Environmental & Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Biodegradable Buy Back Susceptible to breakdown into simpler A system to allow the use of gas from a compounds by microorganisms in the soil, gas export line, when fuel gas is water and atmosphere. Biodegradation unavailable on the platform. often converts toxic organic compounds into non- or less toxic substances. Caisson A steel cylindrical chamber extending from Biodiversity a drilling rig or platform that may be used The number of plant and animal species in for uptake or discharge. a given area. Caravanserai Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) An inn built around a large court for The amount of oxygen required by aerobic accommodating caravans along trade microorganisms to decompose the organic routes in central and western Asia. matter in a sample of water, such as that polluted by sewage. It is used as a Casing measure of the degree of water pollution. The steel piping used to line a well for protection against collapse of the well Biomass borehole and unwanted leakage into or The total mass of living matter within a from the surrounding formation. given quantity. Cathodic Protection Birth Rate A method of neutralising the corrosive Childbirth per 1,000 people per year. static electric charges in a submerged steel structure. Bivalve A marine or freshwater mollusc having a Cement laterally compressed body and a shell A powdery substance that acts as a binder consisting of two hinged valves. that hardens (sets) after mixing with water. Cement is often used to bind aggregate Black Water materials (such as sand and gravel) Human generated wastewater containing together, to form concrete. fecal matter and urine. Chal-Meadow Blowout Vegetation community that is linked to the Uncontrolled or uncontrollable release of temporary retention of surface water downhole pressure upward through the following rainfall, this community is wellbore or casing. dominated by Tamarix meyeri scrub and usually occurs in depressions and along Blow Out Preventer (BOP) drainage lines. Hydraulically operated device used to prevent uncontrolled releases of oil or gas Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from a well. The amount of oxygen consumed by organic compounds in a sample of water. Borehole It is used to indirectly measure the amount A hole in the ground made by drilling; the of organic compounds in water. uncased drill hole from the surface to the bottom of the well. Circulation The passage of fluids, primarily drilling Bowsers mud, down the interior of the drill stem and A vehicle tanker containing fuel or water. back to the surface via the annulus. Bund Coalescer Containment around a storage tank to A device used to change material from a contain the contents in case of rupture or liquid to a thickened curd-like state by spillage. chemical reaction. Shah Deniz 2 Project Glossary Environmental & Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Coliform Consortium Of or relating to the bacteria that An association or grouping of institutions, commonly inhabit the intestines/colons of businesses, or financial organisations, humans and other vertebrates. usually set up for a common purpose. Commissioning Consultation Preparatory work comprising system A formal process which aims to obtain the testing of the process systems, prior to full views and opinions from stakeholders production. about a project. Communities Continental Plate A social group whose members reside in a A tectonic plate that forms part of one of specific locality, share government and the Earth’s continents. often have a common cultural and historical heritage / an ecological unit Continental Slope composed of the various populations of Connects the continental shelf and the micro-organisms, plants, animals that oceanic crust and is part of the continental inhabit a particular area. margin. Completion Contract Area The work of preparing a newly drilled well Area of the sea that has been sub-divided for production. and licensed/leased to a company or group of companies for exploration and Completion Fluid production of hydrocarbons. Chemical mixture present in the well during the placement of production tubing Control Fluid and perforation of the well. A type of hydraulic fluid and the medium by which power is transferred in Compression hydraulically operated systems. For the The raising of pressure within a SD2 Project it is water-based fluid used as substance. the energy source in the subsea control system to operate the hydraulically Condensate (Gas Condensate) actuated valves. Light hydrocarbon fractions produced with natural gas which condense into liquid at Convergent Plate Boundary normal temperatures and pressures An actively deforming region where two (or associated with surface production more) tectonic plates or fragments of equipment. lithosphere move toward one another and collide. Conductivity A measure of the ability of a substance to Copepod transmit heat, electrical charge or sound Any member of a large family of the through a medium without noticeable phylum Arthropoda, including many motion of the medium itself. crustaceans, living in freshwater and marine water. Some copepods are Conductor Section parasitic and others are free living. Casing string that is usually hammered into the well at the seabed, to prevent the Corrosion sides of the hole from caving into the The eating away of metal by chemical or wellbore. electrochemical action. The rusting and pitting of pipelines, steel tanks, and other Consequence metal structures is caused by a complex The resultant effect (positive or negative) electrochemical action. of an activity’s interaction with the legal, natural and/or socio-economic Crude Oil environments. An unrefined mixture of naturally-occurring hydrocarbons with varying densities and properties. Shah Deniz 2 Project Glossary Environmental & Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Crest Dispersant Highest point of a geological structure. Specially designed oil spill products that are composed of detergent-like surfactants Ctenophore in low toxicity solvents. Dispersants do not Any of various marine animals of the remove oil from the water but break the oil phylum Ctenophora, having transparent, slick into small particles, which then gelatinous bodies bearing eight rows of disperse into the water where they are comblike cilia used for swimming. Also further broken down by natural processes. known as comb jelly. Domestic waste Culvert Solid waste, composed of garbage and A man made structure used to channel rubbish, which normally originates from a water. residence/living quarters. Cumulative Impact Downhole Environmental and/or socio-economic Area within the drilled bore of an oil or gas aspects that may not on their own well. constitute a significant impact but when combined with impacts from past, present Drainage Catchment or reasonably foreseeable future activities,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 6. the BOREHOLE ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Overburden
    Petrophysics MSc Course Notes The Borehole Environment 6. THE BOREHOLE ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Introduction Wireline logging has a single clearly defined purpose: to give accurate and representative data on the physical properties of the rock formations and fluids encountered in a borehole. The tools used to take these readings have to cope with extremely tough conditions downhole, particularly, high temperatures and pressures, inhospitable chemical conditions and the physical constraints imposed by the physics of the measurements and the borehole geometry. It should also be remembered that we are interested in the properties of the rocks in undisturbed conditions, and the act of drilling the borehole is the single most disturbing thing that we can do to a formation. 6.2 Overburden Pressures The formations in the sub-surface are at raised pressure, and are occupied by fluids which are also at high pressure. The pressure that a rock is subjected to at a given depth is determined by the weight of the rock above it, and hence the density of that rock. This is called the overburden pressure or sometimes the lithostatic pressure (note that, to a first approximation, the overburden pressure is the same in all directions (isotropic)). We can write an equation to describe the overburden pressure (6.1) Pover = rrock g h where, Pover = the overburden pressure at depth h rrock = the mean rock density above the depth in question g = the acceleration due to gravity h = the depth to the measurement point. Clearly the rock above a given depth will have a varied lithology and porosity and hence a varying density.
    [Show full text]
  • Well Logging
    University of Kirkuk / Faculty of Science / Applied geology department rd 3 year 2020 WELL LOGGING Dr. Radhwan Khaleel Hayder INTRODUCTION: -What is a “Log” and ‘’Well Logging’’. LOG OR WELL LOGGING (THE BOREHOLE IMAGE): - Data are organized and interpreted by depth and represented on a graph called a log (a record of information about the formations through which a well has been drilled). - Visual inspection of samples brought to the surface (geological logs). Example cuttings and corres. - Study of the physical properties of rocks and the fluids through which the bore hole is drilled. - Traditionally logs are display on girded papers. Now a days the log may be taken as films, images and in digital format. - Some types of well logs can be done during any phase of a well's history: drilling, completing, producing or abandoning. -Well logging is performed in boreholes drilled for the oil and gas, groundwater, mineral, environmental and geotechnical studies. -The first electrical resistivity well log was taken in France, in 1927. THE IMPORTANCE OF WELL LOGGING: 1-Determination of lithology. 2-Determination of reservoir characteristics (e.g. porosity, saturation, permeability). 3-Determination formation dip and hole size. 4-Identification of productive zones, to determine depth and thickness of zones. 5-Distinguish between oil, gas, or water in a reservoir, and to estimate hydrocarbon reserves. 6-Geologic maps developed from log interpretation help with determining facies relationships and drilling locations. 1 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF WELL LOGGING: Advantages: 1- Continuous measurements. 2- Easy and quick to work with. 3- Short time acquisition. 4- Economical. Limitations: 1- Indirect measurements.
    [Show full text]
  • Drilling Fluid Systems & Products
    Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Drilling Solutions Version 6 Table of contents Overview 2 Integrated Solutions 6 Integrated Borehole Strengthening Solutions (I-BOSS) 6 OPTI-STRESS 8 Drilling Fluid Simulation Software 9 OPTIBRIDGE 9 PRESS PRO RT 10 VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS 12 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products 13 Water-Base Systems DRILPLEX 13 DRILPLEX AR PLUS 14 DURATHERM 15 ENVIROTHERM NT 16 GLYDRIL 18 K-MAG 19 KLA-SHIELD 20 POLY-PLUS 21 ULTRADRIL 22 Oil-base Systems ECOGREEN 24 ENVIROVERT 25 MEGADRIL 26 RHADIANT 27 RHELIANT 28 VERSACLEAN/VERSADRIL 29 Synthetic-Base Systems PARALAND 30 PARATHERM/VERSATHERM 31 Non-Aqueous Systems WARP Advanced Fluids Technology 32 Drilling Fluid Products 34 Product Summaries 34 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 6 1 Overview The M-I SWACO solutions mindset permeates our company and positively influences the problem-solving orientation we have toward our clients, the solutions we deliver, our new-technology advancement, people development within our company and our future strategies. Starting with the basic building blocks of Before people work for M-I SWACO, training for the job at hand, M-I SWACO instructors quickly bring new specialists a Schlumberger company, we screen up to speed in the disciplines required for them to deliver maximum value them not only for current skills from our products and services. M-I SWACO ensures customers around and experience, but also for their the world get the highest level of service by standardizing training courses to willingness to learn new things, solve meet the universal expectations of all operators. Where locale dictates problems and help others. Once they certain specialized practices, M-I SWACO trainers prepare field join the M-I SWACO organization, personnel for those details as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterisation and Management of Drilling Fluids and Cuttings in the Petroleum Industry
    Information sheet Environmental Protection Act 1994 Characterisation and management of drilling fluids and cuttings in the petroleum industry 1 Introduction This information sheet describes the process for petroleum and gas operators to: assess and characterise waste drilling fluids and cuttings (which for this information sheet also includes rock materials, solids and fines); and develop ways to manage wastes produced from drilling activities that address environmental risks and are consistent with the requirements of Queensland's environmental legislation. There are various drilling fluid systems used in the petroleum industry including freshwater, saltwater, oil, synthetic-based and pneumatic (e.g. air, foam) fluid systems (West et al., 2006). The term 'mud' is frequently used interchangeably with the term 'fluid'. The term 'mud' is used because of the thick consistency of the fluid system (Caenn, 2011). In general, drilling fluids in the petroleum industry are used to aid tools during the drilling of wells. The main functions of drilling fluids are: carrying cuttings from the hole cooling and cleaning the drill bit reducing friction maintaining the stability of the bore maintaining down-hole hydrostatic pressure to be non-damaging to the formation. Drilling fluids contain a variety of specialty chemicals (called ‘additives’) each having a different purpose. For example: killing bacteria and adjusting pH (West et al., 2006) controlling viscosity, reducing fluid loss to the formation and inhibiting equipment corrosion (Ghazia, 2011). The additives in drilling fluids are adjusted according to the physicochemical conditions of geological formations which invariably change with depth (Ghazia, 2011). In addition, drilling fluids are to be non-hazardous to the environment and personnel.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Recent Research on Contamination of Oil Well Cement with Oil-Based Drilling Fluid and the Need of New and Accurate Correlations
    chemengineering Review A Review of Recent Research on Contamination of Oil Well Cement with Oil-based Drilling Fluid and the Need of New and Accurate Correlations Nachiket Arbad and Catalin Teodoriu * Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 February 2020; Accepted: 11 April 2020; Published: 14 April 2020 Abstract: Drilling fluids and oil well cement are important well barriers. Their compatibility affects the long-term integrity of the well. The mixing of drilling fluid with the oil well cement causes contamination of oil well cement. If the contamination is due to diesel/oil-based drilling fluid (OBF) it adversely affects the rheological and mechanical properties of oil well cement—in other words, the long-term integrity of the well. An initial study on OBF contamination of oil well cement was carried out two decades ago. In recent years, several research projects were carried out on the same topic to understand the reason for changes in the properties of oil well cement with OBF contamination. This literature review shows that using OBF eliminates several drilling problems, as the long-term integrity of the well depends on the amount of OBF contamination in the cement slurry. This paper compares the experiments performed, results and conclusions drawn from selected research studies on OBF contamination of oil well cement. Their shortcomings and a way forward are discussed in detail. A critical review of these research studies highlights the need for new and accurate correlations for OBF-contaminated oil well cement to predict the long-term integrity of wells.
    [Show full text]
  • Riser Operations and the Future of Scientific Ocean
    Th or collective redistirbution of any portion article of any by of this or collective redistirbution SPECIAL ISSUE FEATURE articleis has been published in Oceanography D/V Chikyu 19, Number journal of Th 4, a quarterly , Volume RISER OPERATIONS AND THE FUTURE permitted photocopy machine, only is reposting, means or other OF SCIENTIFIC OCEAN DRILLING e Oceanography Society. 2006 by Th Copyright BY DANIEL CUREWITZ AND ASAHIKO TAIRA Earth science disciplines focused on the geological record. erational means by which core recovery, investigation of climatic, ecological, or Advances in scientifi c drilling over the core preservation, borehole stability, with the approval of Th tectonic change as recorded in geological last decade have enabled progressively geophysical measurement, and borehole deposits (e.g., paleoceanography, marine better recovery and greater confi dence in monitoring operations are enhanced us- micropaleontology, paleoclimatology, the fi delity and coherence of recovered ing riser drilling (Sawyer, 1996; Kerr and gran is e Oceanography All rights Society. reserved. Permission paleomagnetism) require high-resolu- sections. The resulting interpretations Normile, 1998; Normile and Kerr, 2003). or Th e Oceanography [email protected] Send Society. to: all correspondence tion, continuous, well-preserved records and analyses have enhanced the high- for accurate analysis. Recovery of long, resolution short- and long-term records RISER DRILLING BASICS uninterrupted, relatively undisturbed of changes in the Earth system (Brewer Riser drilling involves several steps that sections has long been a primary techni- et al., 2005). are accomplished in a variety of ways de- cal challenge for any drilling operation. The adaptation of riser drilling tech- pending on specifi c technological pack- Recovered cores and geophysical mea- nology for scientifi c ocean drilling pur- ages, water depths, and bottom condi- surements form the backbone for any poses on board the D/V Chikyu (Fig- tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydraulic Fracturing
    natural gas industrial Livestock domestic Well Well Well Well doing things right Wellhead Cement Soil Conductor Pipe • Set across surface Aquifer soils and shallow rocks. Cement Surface Casing • Cemented at appropriate depth to protect shallow fresh water aquifers. Hydraulic Production Casing • Drilling fluid stays fracturing: inside this pipe. your T h o u sa n d S o F F e e T / h u n d r e d S o F m e T e r S questions answered r s In formations where natural gas is trapped very tightly in tiny pores (rather than accumulated in large pools C K L A Y E or more porous rock), if we simply drill through the rock the gas won’t flow easily, r o making it impossible to extract enough gas to make the well economical. After we drill a tight gas T A r g e T F o r m ati o n well, to complete it we stim­ ulate the gas flow from the formation using a technique called hydraulic fracturing. STAGE | STAGE | STAGE This often­misunderstood technique has raised some Note: This image illustrates hydraulic fracturing used with horizontal drilling. In some formations, the well remains vertical within the tight gas formation and the fractures extend horizontally from the wellbore. For each well, casing questions that we would and cementing designs are approved by applicable regulatory agencies. Illustration is not to scale. like to answer. Hydraulic fracturing is a valuable technique for stimulating production from tight gas and shale gas wells. combined with the low permeability of the tight gas formations themselves, keep the natural gas and other hydro- carbons contained within the target for- mation, and also help prevent migration of any hydraulic fracturing fluids that may be pumped into such formations.
    [Show full text]
  • Periscope HD Service Helps Lukoil Achieve 82% NTG in 2.5-M-Thick
    CASE STUDY LUKOIL-Nizhnevolzhskneft Achieves 82% NTG in 2.5-m-Thick Sweet Spot with PeriScope HD Service Integrated drilling system achieves 3,694-m section in 9½-in horizontal section in one run, lands wellbore in thin target 6 days ahead of section AFE, Caspian Sea CHALLENGE Place long horizontal section within thin reservoir Maximize reservoir exposure and ROP while The 9½-in horizontal section of Well P-120, an offshore extended-reach well LUKOIL-Nizhnevolzhskneft placing long horizontal section of extended- was drilling in the Korchagina field of the Caspian Sea, had to be placed within a reservoir with reach well within thin reservoir. a gross vertical thickness of 4 to 6 m—thinner than any reservoir targeted by previous extended- reach wells in the project. The upper part of the reservoir was interbedded with high-density SOLUTIONS laminated intervals, the lower part gradually transitioned from shale to sand, and the sweet zone ■ Optimize drilling parameters and trajectory within the reservoir was only 2–2.5 m thick. control using PowerDrive Xceed* RSS and TeleScope* high-speed telemetry-while- In addition, the 3,694-m long section had to be kept 5 m above the oil/water contact, which was drilling services. very close to this targeted interval in the reservoir; a lack of vertical offset data in the drilling direction ■ Increase drilling efficiency using a PDC created great uncertainty about formation properties and structural dip; collision with nearby wells bit with ONYX II* premium PDC cutters had to be avoided; and maximum dogleg severity was limited by the need for smooth completion matched to RSS using the IDEAS* integrated operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction and Characterization of Drilling Fluid from Castor Oil
    International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 3 No. 2 June 2013, pp. 382-387 © 2013 Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals http://www.issr-journals.org/ijias/ Extraction and Characterization of Drilling Fluid from Castor Oil Manase Auta School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Penang, Malaysia Copyright © 2013 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT: Drilling fluid is an essential component in drilling operations. It is used to prevent blowouts by creating adequate hydrostatic pressure, lubricating the walls of a well and the drill string, flushing to the surface of cuttings, and keeping the drill bit clean and cool. Extraction, characterization and formation of drilling fluid from castor seed oil were investigated. The castor seeds used were obtained from a local market and the extraction of the oil was done mechanically. The extracted oil characteristics such as specific gravity, pH, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index and viscosity were within the standard range before before formulating it to drilling fluid by the addition of additives. The result of the formulation obtained showed that the formulated drilling fluid had an electrical stability of 222 V, High Pressure/High Temperature of 8.8, mass funnel viscosity at 30 and 50 oC were 26.5 and 25 s, respectively; chemical alkalinity was 0.3 and excess lime of 0.39 Ib/bbI. The findings in this research have shown that formulated drilling fluid from castor seed oil is safe as drilling fluid and has characteristics close to that of the standard drilling mud equivalent circulating density 99.
    [Show full text]
  • Product Sheet Flairflex Advanced Real-Time Fluid Logging And
    FlairFlex advanced real-time fluid logging and analysis service Provides a while-drilling surface-formation evaluation method for early detection and quantification of hydrocarbons Where it is used FlairFlex* advanced real-time fluid logging and analysis service was developed for conventional and unconventional plays to perform formation evaluation and reservoir characterization in all well and reservoir types while drilling. How it improves wells The FlairFlex service enables better infrastructure planning and provides crucial information before downhole sampling or well testing is possible, rather than making exploration and appraisal campaign decisions using limited data from conventional sources. The same is true for wireline sampling operations, which can be optimized using continuous fluid logs from the FlairFlex service. Additionally, FlairFlex service assesses interwell and intrawell reservoir The FlairFlex system fluid characterization and connectivity while drilling, improving integrates two fluid geosteering decisions for more precise well placement. In unconventional extraction units–one at the plays, FlairFlex service is the only information source for the fluid type and inbound drilling fluid line and composition before production starts. other at the outbound line. How it works What else I should know The core of the system is the fluid extractor, which samples hydrocarbons Combined with the isotope logging service, the FlairFlex service provides transported to the surface by drilling fluid under controllable and enhanced characterization of cogenetic hydrocarbon fluid, fluid and repeatable conditions. This new design streamlines service delivery, source rock maturity, mixing trends, secondary processes, and fault simplifies maintenance, and increases measurement quality. Two such transmissibility. FlairFlex service is compatible with SpectraSphere* fluid extractors are installed with the FlairFlex system on the out- and fluid mapping-while-drilling service.
    [Show full text]
  • Drilling Mud Composition for BP's Exploration Well the Chemicals
    Drilling Mud Composition for BP’s Exploration Well The chemicals below are the constitutes of the synthetic non-aqueous drilling fluid system currently being used on BP’s Aspy D-11 well, on-board the West Aquarius drilling rig. These chemicals are routinely used in global well construction activities, and are not necessarily limited to oilfield usage. Chemical Name Cas. Chemical Purpose Product Function Calcium Hydroxide 1305-78-8 Provides a source of alkalinity to pH Adjustment Agent neutral any the effects of any acid gas intrusions. * Calcium Chloride 10043-52-4 An inorganic salt added to the Brine-Phase Water water-phase of a non-aqueous Activity Adjustment drilling fluid system, also serve Agent to inhibit undesirable formation reactions such as clay swelling. Calcium Carbonate 1317-65-3 Used as a sealing agent to Bridging Agent prevent the loss of the drilling fluid system into porous formations. Barite 13462-86-7 High density natural mineral to Weighting Agent control the density of the drilling fluid system. Organophillic Clay A natural clay mineral that has Gelling Agent been chemically modified to provide viscosity in non-aqueous drilling fluid systems. Styrene Acrylate Copolymer that provides filtration Fluid Loss Reducer Polymer control, reducing invasion of the fluid system into permeable formations. Tall Oil / Fatty Acid Provides preferential wetting to Wetting Agent reaction product ensure solids incorporated into the fluid system are not water- wet TOFA maleic 689-90-47-6 Provide emulsification of the Emulsifier anhydride, and water and non-aqueous phase of Polyamine the drilling fluid system Dipropylene glycol Provides elevated low shear rate Viscosifier methyl ether viscosity **Synthetic isoalkane, 445411-73-4 Synthetic base fluid that provide Base Fluid hydrocracked, the continuous phase of the non- hydroisomerized, aqueous drilling fluid system.
    [Show full text]
  • Offshore Discharge of Drilling Fluids and Cuttings -A Scientific Perspective on Public Policy H
    IBP44900 OFFSHORE DISCHARGE OF DRILLING FLUIDS AND CUTTINGS -A SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE ON PUBLIC POLICY H. R. Melton1, J. P. Smith1, C. R. Martin1, T. J. Nedwed1, H.L. Mairs1, D. L. Raught1 Copyright 2000, Brazilian Petroleum Institute - IBP This paper was prepared for presentation at the Rio Oil & Gas Conference held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 16-19 October, 2000 This paper was selected for presentation by the Event Technical Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the IBP. Organizers will neither translate nor correct texts received. The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the Brazilian Petroleum Institute, its officers, or members. Abstract The most effective regulations or public policies are developed cooperatively by government and industry based on sound scientific understanding of the potential impacts, risk considerations, and evaluation of the costs and benefits of alternative approaches. This paper reviews the scientific framework that helped achieve general regulatory acceptance of the discharge of water-based drilling fluids and cuttings and discusses information being considered in current efforts to develop policies for the discharge of cuttings drilled with non-aqueous fluids (NAF). Development of effective policies for discharges depends on consideration of the specific local environmental conditions that govern the fate of discharge materials, the scientific basis for assessing the potential for effects in that environment, and balanced consideration of the environmental effects and relative costs of discharge versus other disposal options. This approach can lead to policies that provide for environmental protection and encourage adoption of mitigation measures that provide benefits commensurate with their cost.
    [Show full text]